• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.445-453
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• 2016

Objectives: The objective of this study is to assess relative safety level of the decompression tables in Ministry of Employment and Labor Public Notice No. 2014-28 in comparison with overseas decompression tables. Methods: Decompression tables in the Public Notice No. 2014-28 were compared with examples from Japan, the USA, Canada, and France in terms of ascent rate, surface intervals after exceptional exposures, oxygen decompression and allowable partial pressure, depth limits in air diving, no-decompression limits, and decompression time and methods. Results: Public Notice No. 2014-28 does not include air diving depth limits, exceptional exposure limits, mandatory surface intervals after exceptional exposures, oxygen decompression, and surface decompression schedules. Its decompression time was found to be the shortest among the five decompression tables. Conclusions: Public Notice No. 2014-28 has the lowest safety level in comparison with overseas decompression tables. Deck decompression chambers are not applicable due to no regulations on surface interval and oxygen use in the chamber for decompression.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제36권9호
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• pp.633-637
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• 2003

일시적인 삼첨판 절개법은 좋은 시야를 제공하고 심실을 열지 않고 심실중격결손의 폐쇄수술을 할 수 있다. 그러나 대부분의 외과의는 삼첨판막의 폐쇄부전의 염려로 주저하게 된다. 특히 최근의 교과서에서는 일시적인 삼첨판 절개법은 장기성적의 발표가 예외적인 방법으로만 기술되어 있고 더 이상의 분석이나 기술이 되어 있지 않다. 대상 및 방법: 1985년부터 1994년까지 수술받은 11명으로부터 술 전의 자료, 술 후 경과, 최근 심초음파와 심전도를 토대로 후향적 연구를 시행하였다. 결과: 심초음파에서 삼첨판폐쇄부전은 없는 경우가 9명, 미세한(trivial) 경우가 2명이었고, 심전도상 의미있는 심전도블록은 없었다. 결론: 삼첨판 절개법은 심실중격결손의 폐쇄수술을 시행하는 데 안전하며 향상된 시야를 제공하는 데 효과적인 방법이며, 삼첨판 이상이나 심전도상에 나쁜 영향을 끼치지 않는다.

• 복식
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• 제61권2호
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• pp.1-19
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• 2011

As modern society advances, women's self-consciousness and attitudes toward beautiful appearances have changed. Amid this trend, the young and slim body of adolescent girls expressed in contemporary fashion incites fantasy on continuing youth among women. In modern society, women's youth is frequently regarded as a subject of consumption and a sex product in the mass media. In this regard, the study is focused on examining desire and psychology of worshipping women's youth and beauty in connection with flapper fashion in the 1920s. In the process, the study took a look at the social and cultural background of flapper fashion and conducted an analysis on formative characteristics and aesthetic sense of flapper fashion as follows: First, the formative characteristics include a short skirt that expresses straight lined shape and the beauty of exposure, lighter clothing, thick make-up, short hair style and black or vivid colors, and they lead to exceptional and innovative aesthetic sense in flapper fashion. Flapper fashion style is focused on completely denying outdated fashion worn by women in the age right before. Second, pursuit of mature, graceful and classical beauty that had continued in previous ages has gone through complete changes in the flapper era in the name of pursuit of youth, and the flapper fashion expresses sensual image through the exposure of slim arms and legs of a young girl. In the formative characteristics, aesthetic sense of youth and sensuality inherent in the flapper fashion was generated. Third, women's free-spirited lifestyle at that time and 'aesthetic sense of freedom and amusement that reflected the speed of machine civilization could be found in the flapper fashion. Material and decoration of the flapper fashion pertained to clothing that enabled a free expression through rapid movements. Aesthetic sense of the flapper fashion generated in the process could be defined as women's internal determination to express individual and free-spirited ideas through the use of fashion when tradition and order of the old age were torn down. And this aesthetic sense is continuously affecting modern fashion design.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.139-147
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• 1999

Peptides are formed in the rumen as the result of microbial proteinase activity. The predominant type of activity is cysteine ptoteinase, but others, such as serine proteinases, are also present. Many species of protozoa, bacteria and fungi are involved in ptoteolysis; large animal-to-animal variability is found when proteinase activities in different animals are compared. The peptides formed from proteolysis are broken down to amino acids by peptidases. Different peptides are broken down at different rates, depending on their chemical composition and particularly their N-terminal structure. Indeed, chemical addition to the N-terminus of small peptides, such as by acetylation, causes the peptides to become stable to breakdown by the rumen microbial population; the microorganisms do not appear to adapt to hydrolyse acetylated peptides even after several weeks exposure to dietary acetylated peptides, and the amino acids present in acetylated peptides are absorbed from the small intestine. The amino acids present in some acetylated peptides remain available in nutritional trials with rats, but the nutritive value of the whole amino acid mixture is decreased by acetylation. The genus Prevotella is responsible for most of the catabolic peptidase activity in the rumen, via its dipeptidyl peptidase activities, which release dipeptides rather than free amino acids from the N-terminus of oligopeptides. Studies with dipeptidyl peptidase mutants of Prevotella suggest that it may be possible to slow the rate of peptide hydrolysis by the mixed rumen microbial population by inhibiting dipeptidyl peptidase activity of Prevotella or the rate of peptide uptake by this genus. Peptides and amino acids also stimulate the growth of rumen microorganisms, and are necessary for optimal growth rates of many species growing on tapidly fermented substrates; in rich medium, most bacteria use pre-formed amino acids for more than 90% of their amino acid requirements. Cellulolytic species are exceptional in this respect, but they still incorporate about half of their cell N from pre-formed amino acids in rich medium. However, the extent to which bacteria use ammonia vs. peptides and amino acids for protein synthesis also depends on the concentrations of each, such that preformed amino acids and peptides are probably used to a much lesser extent in vivo than many in vitro experiments might suggest.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.177-184
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• 1985

The carbonate flat pebble conglomerates (CFPC) are interbedded as lenticular bed in the greenish rhythmite of the upper part of $Hwaj{\check{o}}l$ Formation, $Jos{\check{o}}n$ Supergroup. Pebbles are composed mainly of lime-mudstone with small amounts of bioclasts and silt-sized subangular quartz grains. The matrix among pebbles is composed mainly of sparry calcite with relatively much amounts of bioclasts, silt-sized subangular quartz grains and authigenic pyrite crystals or grains. The sparry calcite of the matrix seems to be the results of neomorphism of skeletal sands and bioclasts. The pebbles are well rounded and no plastic deformations are found. Some pebbles show the outer rim of glauconite. CFPC are not associated with any other intertidal features such as stromatolites, flaser bedding and channel structures. Also any features indicative of subaerial exposure such as dessication cracks, fenestrae and so on are not found in the bed. The sedimentological features of CFPC suggest that the following conditions appear to have been necessary for the formation of CFPC : 1) episodic deposition of thin, permeable calcareous beds separated argillaceous beds; 2) preservation of these beds near the sediment-water interface where they could become rapidly cemented; 3) erosion and redeposition of the partially lithified beds by storms or other exceptional erosional events. Eventually storm erosion and redeposition together represent only one of several critical conditions in the genesis of CFPC. The CFPC are very common in Cambrian and lower Ordovician formations, and become very rare in the younger carbonate formations. The expansion of infauna after Ordovician Period eliminated the widespread potential for rapid submarine cementation which is one of the critical factors to form CFPC.

• 한국전통조경학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.70-83
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• 2013

한국전통정원으로서 별서의 지평을 넓히고자, 경남 밀양 퇴로리에 소재한 여주이씨의 서고정사와 삼은정의 조영 특성을 고찰한 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같이 축약된다. 서고정사와 삼은정은 종택을 중심으로 서고정사는 약 340m, 삼은정은 약 630m 가량 이격되어 있으나, 모두 1km 권역권내에 포치되어 있음으로써, 종택과의 일체감은 유지하면서도 은일을 실현하고자 했던 조영자의 작정의도가 여실히 읽혀진다. 항재(恒齋)와 용재(庸齋)라는 조영자의 아호를 당호로 삼은 서고정사 항재와 삼은정 용재 그리고 한서암은 서로 다른 좌향 차이에도 불구하고, 정원의 중심이자 핵심시설인 지당(池塘)으로의 시선 유도와 적극적인 완상을 최적화시키기 위한 공간구성이라는 측면에서 동질적이다. 서고정사의 활수당과 삼은정의 삼은지의 지당 연출기법은 공히 매우 특징적이다. 특히 배후로부터 전면을 향한 3단 구성의 단계적인 물의 연출과 전개 그리고 방지방도(方池方島)의 지당 구성은 기존 별서에서는 찾기 힘든 양식으로 양 별서의 동질적인 요소로 귀결된다. 또한 활수당과 삼은지의 중도(中島)는 식재를 위한 공간이라기보다는 석가산(石假山)을 추구한 다분히 관념성과 상징성이 두드러진 조형 특징으로 파악된다. 이는 서고정사의 과육천 배면에 형상화한 3개의 석가산과의 관련성을 고려할 때 더욱 흥미로운 연출이다. 한편, 서고정사와 삼은정은 자체의 완상뿐만 아니라, 특별한 시각구성의 연출을 목표로 외래수종을 도입하였다는 점에서 기존 별서와는 차별화된 특성을 보인다. 특히 삼은정에 화백 편백 백송 대왕송 금송 메타세쿼이아 그리고 히말라야시다 등의 교목성 침엽수종을 비중 있게 도입한 것은 매우 이례적인 특징으로, 서고정사 또한 풍치용으로 식재된 비자나무 주목 섬잣 나무 등의 자생 침엽수와 백송 삼나무 편백 등의 외래 조경수는 조선 말기라는 전환기적 시기의 식재 양상으로 판단된다. 한편, 양 별서에 설정된 집경(集景)인 '서고잡영17영'과 '삼은정12경'에서도 알 수 있듯, 일곽 밖의 경외로까지 정원영역을 확장 해석하고자한 발상 등에서는 원림적 풍취가 강하게 드러나고 있음이 발견된다. 이 같은 특성을 종합할 때 밀양 퇴로리 소재 서고정사와 삼은정은 입지와 공간 및 시각구성 등에 있어서는 조선조 별서의 유풍은 공유하지만, 수공간과 석가산의 조성 및 조경식물의 활용 측면에서는 매우 독특한 양상을 띄는 정원유적으로 주목된다.