• 한국유가공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2007.09a
• /
• pp.21-29
• /
• 2007

The field of microbiology has in recent years been transformed by huge increasing number of publicly available whole-genome sequences. This sequence information has significantly enhanced our understanding of the physiology, genetics, and evolutionary development of bacteria. Among the gastrointestinal microorganisms, bifidobacteria represent important human commensals because of their perceived contribution to maintaining a balanced gastrointestinal tract microbiota. In recent years bifidobacteria have drawn much scientific attention due to their use as live bacteria in numerous food products with various health-related claims. For this reason, these bacteria constitute a growing area of interest with respect to genomics, molecular biology, and genetics. Recent genome sequencing of a number of bifidobacterial species has allowed access to the complete genetic make-up of these bacteria. This review will focus how genomic data has allowed us to understand bifidobacterial evolution, while also revealing genetic functions that explains their presence in the particular ecological environment of the gastrointestinal tract.

• Animal cells and systems
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.261-267
• /
• 2008

The human chromosomes 2, 7, 12 and 17 show genomic homology around Hox gene clusters, is taken as evidence that these paralogous gene families might have arisen from a ancestral chromosomal segment through genome duplication events. We have examined protein data from vertebrate and invertebrate genomes to analyze the phylogenetic history of multi-gene families with three or more of their representatives linked to human Hox clusters. Topology comparison based upon statistical significance and information of chromosome location for these genes examined have revealed many of linked genes coduplicated with Hox gene clusters. Most linked genes to Hox clusters share the same evolutionary history and are duplicated in concert with each other. We conclude that gene families linked to Hox clusters may be suggestion of ancient genome duplications.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
• /
• v.21 no.sup1
• /
• pp.75-75
• /
• 2009

The previous morphology-based taxonomic frameworks within the family Sygnathidae had emphasized the significance of the male brood pouch and reproductive biology in defining the group. However, several different hypotheses had been proposed by different investigators. This study have beencarried out to determine the phylogenetic relationships among 19 species belonging to the order Syngnathiformes with three Gasterosteiformes species as outgroup taxa by using the mitochondrial cytochrome b and Rag2 nuclear DNA sequences. Phylogenetic analyses based on neighbor-joining distance, maximum parsimony, minimum evolution and maximum likelihood method strongly supported that the family Syngnathidae, the suborder Syngnathoidei and the order Syngnathiformes were all monophyletic group. Much of previous morphological analyses were supported by our molecular data, but some deep relationships were not clearly resolved with regard to members of the suborder Aulostomoidei.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.87-94
• /
• 2014

Specimens of the genus Orobdella Oka, 1895 from Korea, including various locations in the Korean Peninsula, were identified as Orobdella tsushimensis Nakano, 2011. Phylogenetic analyses using mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI), ND1, $tRNA^{Cys}$, $tRNA^{Met}$, 12S rRNA, $tRNA^{val}$, and 16S rRNA markers show that the newly collected specimens form a monophyletic group with the known O. tsushimensis specimens. The genetic distance of COI of these specimens was in the range 0.4-6.6%. These results confirm that the newly collected specimens belong to O. tsushimensis. This is the first record of the genus Orobdella from the Korean Peninsula.

• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
• /
• 2003.08a
• /
• pp.197.4-197
• /
• 2003

No Abstract, See Full Text

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
• /
• v.1 no.1_2
• /
• pp.3-20
• /
• 1985

혹무늬 톡토기과의 56개 아과들에서 20개 형질복합을 추추랗여 형질평가방법과 Wagner algorithm의 형질 비평가방법을 사용하여 계통수를 작성, 비교하였다. 전자의 방법을 이해 진화적 형질순서와 극성을 결정하고 고등급의 파생공유 형질을 토대로한 단계통군과 자매군을 확인하여 계통분화를 추적하였다. 이 두가지 방법에 의한 계통수에서 분지 방식은 매우 다르게 나타났으나 나열순서는 유사했고, 단지 마지막의 2개 아과가 후자에서는 반대로 나타났다. 그 원인은 후자의 방법으로는 파생혈질수가 많은 분류군에서의 형질상태가 Wagner algorithm에서 누적효과를 일으킨 때문인 것으로 생각되며, 아울러 1, 10 및 20 번 형질의 적응이동(adaptive shift) 상 나타낼 중요한 의의를 적절히 평가 반영할 수 없는 것으로 추정된다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Life Science Conference
• /
• 2002.03a
• /
• pp.94-94
• /
• 2002

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Life Science Conference
• /
• 2002.03a
• /
• pp.97-97
• /
• 2002

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.99-114
• /
• 2013

Phylogeographic and feeding ecological studies of seven terrestrial mustelid species (Carnivora, Mustelidae), the Japanese marten Martes melampus, the sable Martes zibellina, the Japanese badger Meles anakuma, the ermine or the stoat Mustela erminea, the Japanese weasel Mustela itatsi, the least weasel Mustela nivalis, and the Siberian weasel Mustela sibirica, representing four biogeographic patterns in the Japanese archipelagos (Hokkaido, Honshu-Shikoku-Kyushu, Tsushima, and Hokkaido-Honshu), were reviewed in order to clarify causes for the faunal assemblage processes of those mustelid species in Japan. Here, three main constraints were extracted as important factors on the mustelid assemblage. First, fundamental evolutionary differences maintained by niche conservatism in each ecologically diversified lineage ("evolutionary constraint") would enable the species to co-occur without any major problem (coexistence among Martes, Meles, and Mustela species). Second, "ecological constraints" would force two closely related species to be allopatric by competitive exclusion (Mu. itatsi and Mu. sibirica) or to be sympatric by resource partitions (Mu. erminea and Mu. nivalis). Third and most importantly, "geological constraints" would allow specific species to be embraced by a particular geographic region, primarily deciding which species co-occurs. The allopatric distribution of two Martes species in Japan would have been established by the strong effect of the geological separation in Tsugaru Strait. Elucidating both phylogeny and ecology of co-existing species in a community assemblage is important to know which species possess distinct lineage and which ecological traits are adapted to local environments, fulfilling the requirement of the field of conservation biology that endemism and adaptation should both be considered. The Japanese archipelagos would, therefore, provide valuable insight into the conservation for small carnivoran species.

• Animal Bioscience
• /
• v.34 no.6
• /
• pp.941-948
• /
• 2021

Objective: In Japan, approximately 50 breeds of indigenous domestic chicken, called Japanese native chickens (JNCs), have been developed. JNCs gradually became established based on three major original groups, "Jidori", "Shoukoku", and "Shamo". Tosa-Jidori is a breed of Jidori, and archival records as well as its morphologically primitive characters suggest an ancient origin. Although Jidori is thought to have been introduced from East Asia, a previous study based on mitochondrial D-loop sequences demonstrated that Tosa-Jidori belongs to haplogroup D, which is abundant in Southeast Asia but rare in other regions, and a Southeast Asian origin for Tosa-Jidori was therefore suggested. The relatively small size of the D-loop region offers limited resolution in comparison with mitogenome phylogeny. This study was conducted to determine the phylogenetic position of the Tosa-Jidori breed based on complete mitochondrial D-loop and mitogenome sequences, and to clarify its evolutionary relationships, possible maternal origin and routes of introduction into Japan. Methods: Maximum likelihood and parsimony trees were based on 133 chickens and consisted of 86 mitogenome sequences as well as 47 D-loop sequences. Results: This is the first report of the complete mitogenome not only for the Tosa-Jidori breed, but also for a member of one of the three major original groups of JNCs. Our phylogenetic analysis based on D-loop and mitogenome sequences suggests that Tosa-Jidori individuals characterized in this study belong to the haplogroup D as well as the sub-haplogroup E1. Conclusion: The sub-haplogroup E1 is relatively common in East Asia, and so although the Southeast Asian origin hypothesis cannot be rejected, East Asia is another possible origin of Tosa-Jidori. This study highlights the complicated origin and breeding history of Tosa-Jidori and other JNC breeds.