• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.979-997
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• 2013

This study aims at classifying and interpreting on the vegetation structure, the correlation between a vegetation and an environment, a species diversity and a life-form of Evergreen Broad-Leaved Forest(EBLF) located in Gageo-do Island. It is also the objective that the estimation of vegetation change founded on the species composition and characteristics. The vegetation of EBLF was classified into three forests or four community units as Machilus thunbergii forest (Polystichum polyblepharon-M. thunbergii community and Phaenosperma globosum-M. thunbergii community), Ilex integra-Castanopsis sieboldii community, Quercus acuta community and Neolitsea sericea stand. The ordination analysis by DCA is analogous with the vegetation structure analysis. As a result of the correlation (Pearson's correlation coefficient) with environmental conditions, the Altitude has the significance with the distribution of communities. The total vegetation change by progress of succession will not be wandered away from the present vegetation structure practically, and the vegetation on the underlayers will be a little changed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.94 no.6
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• pp.410-419
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• 2005

Community structure of evergreen broad-leaved forest of Mt. Yeogwi in Jin-do was investigated to secure sustainable conservation of evergreen broad-leaved forest. Twenty survey plots of $20m{\times}20m$ were established along the elevation from 200 m to 390 m above the sea level in the northwestern slope. The woody species were tallied at each plots. DBH distribution of the major evergreen broad-leaved trees was investigated to find out the spatial distribution. Cluster analysis was applied to a set of vegetation data, that is, importance value to classify the forest community. Species diversity, evenness and species correlation were analysed. Canonical correspondence analysis was also applied to vegetation data and soil environmental data. Cluster analysis showed that the forests of Mt. Yeogwi were classified into 2 community groups, such as Camellia japonica community group and Quercus acuta community group. C japonica community group was subdivided into C japonica- evergreen broad-leaved trees community, C. japonica-Neolitsea sericea community, and C. japonica-deciduous broad-leaved trees community. Q. acuta community group was subdivided into Q. acuta-C. japonica community, and Q. acuta community. C. japonica, Q. acuta, N. sericea, Machilus thunbergii and Illicium religiosum were dominant evergreen broad-leaved tree species, while Styrax japonica, Lindera erythrocarpa, Cornus kousa, Prunus sargentii, Albizzia julibrisin and Quercus acutissima were major deciduous tree species. Species diversity was greater in Q. acuta community group (0.8231 for Q. acuta-C. japonica community, and 0.8135 for Q. acuta community) than in C. japonica community group (0.7674 for C. japonica-evergreen broad-leaved trees community, 0.6164 for C. japonica-N. sericea community, and 0.7931 for C. japonica-deciduous broad-leaved trees community). DBH 2 cm~10 cm of major evergreen broad-leaved trees occupied 80% of all. C. japonica of less than DBH 5 cm tended to aggregate but distribute randomly or regularly with increasing DBH. Q. acuta distributed more aggregately than C. japonica and Machilus thunbergii for more than 15 cm of DBH. C. japonica correlated negatively with Q. acuta, I. religiosum and C. kousa, but positively with N. sericea. with significance at 1% level. Q. acuta correlated negatively with C. japonica, N. sericea and M. thunbergii but positively with l. religiosum. There were also negative correlation between N. sericea and C. kousa. CCA showed that forest communities were correlated with soil variables such as CEC, soil organic matter and soil pH. With increased soil organic matter and CEC, and decreased soil pH, C. japonica was dominant and forest community and Q. acuta and N. sericea tended to develop in the evergreen broad-leaved forest.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.63-88
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• 1990

The vegetation of Mt. Joghesan of a provincial park in Cheolanamdo was surveyed over twenty times from July, 1980 to December, 1981. The plants of Mt. Jonghesan consisted of 10 forma, 107 varieties, 597 species, 424 genera and 122 families, and among them were 204 species of esculent plants, 199 species of medicina plants and 30 species of the others oil plants and fiber plants. Evergreen herbs consisted of 12 species, including Coniogramme intermedia, Asplenium sarelii, and Asplenium incisum etc. And Evergreen broad-leaved trees consisted of 22 species, including Thea sinensis, Sasa borealis, and Quercus acuta etc. And evergreen needle-leaved trees consisted of 15 species, including Torreya nacitora, Pinus densiflora, Sciadopitys japonica, and Chamaecyparis obtusa etc. The community of broad-leaved consisted of Quercus spp, Carpinus laxiflora, Sasa borealis, including leading dominant species of Lespedeza maximowiczii, Viburnum erosum, Fraxius rhynchophylla, Viburnum dilatum, Rhus trichocarpa, Zelkova serrata, Miscanthus sinensis, Eragrostis ferrugina, Carex augustinowiczii persicaria filiforme var. neofiliforme, Vicia amoena, Smilax riparia var. ussuriensis, and Aster yomena etc. The vegetation of Seunamsa areas in Mt. Joghesan was favorable but the vegetations of the other areas in the mountain were negligible. The vegetation of Koolmokchi areas which had been much destroyed by forest fires was mostly covered with Quercus spp which are resistant to forest fires. Lindera sericea, Alangium platanifolium var. macrophyllum, Ilex macropoda, Corylopsis coreana, Albizzia julibrssin of old trees, Acer mono, the community of Thea sinensis, Stewartca koreana, Cornus alba, Dryopteris bisstiana, Asplenium incisum, Camptosorus, Lepisorus thunbergianus, gastrodia elata, Cymbidium goeringii, and the community of Persicaria filiforme var. neofiliforme etc. in Mt. Jonhesan are autochthonous flora, and their preservation is required. As the Pinus densiflora forest in Mt. Joghesan which was hewn down by human power has not been restored, Jeopchi areas and Koolmokchi areas in Mt. Joghesan have no Pinnus densiflora trees 700m above the sea level.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.319-330
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• 2015

This study was carried out to predict the optimal growth site and estimate carbon stocks of Quercus acuta, evergreen broad-leaved trees in warm temperate zone according to climate change. The criterion for the optimal site prediction was created by quantification method with quantitative and qualitative data, collected from growth factors of stands and environmental factors of survey sites of 42 plots in Q. acuta by study relationship between growth of tree and site environmental factors. A program for the optimal site prediction was developed by using GIS engine tools. To prediction of the suitable growth site of Quercus acuta, developed program in this study applied to Wando in Jeollanam-do, distributing a various evergreen bread-leaved trees of warm temperate zone. In the results from analysis of the optimal site prediction on Q. acuta, the characteristics of the optimal site showed as follows; site environmental features of class I (the best site class for Q. acuta) was defined as 401 ~ 500 m of altitude, $21{\sim}25^{\circ}$ of slope with above hillside, residual of deposit convex of slope type with west of aspect. The area and carbon stocks of optimal site prediction by class for Q. acuta in classI showed 147.1 ha (2.5%), total 316.5 tC/ha, total $1,161tCO_2/ha/yr$ of class I, 2,703.5 ha (46.3%), total 5,817.4 tC/ha, total $21,331tCO_2/ha/yr$ of class II, 2,845.5 ha (48.6%), total 6,123.0 tC/ha, total $2,845.5tCO_2/ha/yr$ of class III and 153.7 ha (2.6%), total 330.7 tC/ha, total $1,213.7tCO_2/ha/yr$ of class IV.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.402-412
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• 2022

This study investigated each forest's stand characteristics and the NVOCs emission characteristics for Quercus acuta, Castanopsis sieboldii, Dendropanax trifidus, Camellia Japonica which are major warm temperate evergreen broad-leaved species, and Pinus thunbergii. Data were collected from May 2019 to January 2020. The seasonal temperature and humidity of each research site indicated the typical climatic characteristics of Korea, which are hot and humid in summer and cold and dry in winter. Also, the atmospheric pressure was generally high in winter and higher in autumn and winter than in spring and summer. Overall, the total volume of NVOCs (Natural Volatile Organic Compounds) from the five research sites was the highest in the summer. The concentration of TNVOCs was relatively high in the Dendropanax trifidus forest in spring and winter, the Castanopsis sieboldii forest in the autumn, and the Quercus acuta forest in the summer. According to the results of this study, it was confirmed that the concentrations of NVOCs emission of warm temperate evergreen broad-leaved species such as Quercus acuta, Castanopsis sieboldii, Dendropanax trifidus and Camellia Japonica were not lower but rather higher than Pinus thunbergii. The correlation was positive (+) between NVOCs emission and temperature (r=0.590, P=0.000) or humidity (r=0.655, P=0.000), whereas it was negative (-) between NVOCs emission and atmospheric pressure (r=-0.384, P=0.000) or wind speed (r=-0.263, P=0.018). Among the micrometeological factors, humidity (β=0.507, P=0.000) was found to have the greatest effect on NVOC emission, followed by temperature, atmospheric pressure, and wind speed.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.109-122
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• 1989

The vegetation and landscape of Hokkaido were phytosociologically referred. The region of F a g e t e a c r e n a t a e on Hokkaido is divided into two types of deciduous broad-leaved forest: the oak (Quercus mongolica var. grosseserrata) forests mixed with conifers (mainly Abies sachalinensis) and the beech (Fagus crenata) forests of northernmost distribution in far-east Asia. The oak forests, which is dominated by Quercus mongolica var. grosseserrata in Japanse islands, seem to be developed from different climatic and edaphic conditions, especially in the amount and sharing pattern of precipitation in a year, and weak acid brown forest soil, volcanic ash soil and sandy soil. On the all-inclusive phytogeographical view-point, Hokkaido is situated at northernmost region of F a g e t e a c r e n a t a e (cool-temperate zone)neighboring with subarctic and subalpine vegetation, vegetation, but the evergreen broad-leaved forest (C a m e l l i e t e a j a p o n i c a e, warm-temperate zone) is abscent.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.881-889
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• 2007

The flora of vascular plants in Jangsanbong located at Busan Metropolitan City was investigated from April 2003 to April 2004. Vascular plants in the surveyed area were 254 taxa that belonged to 78 families, 175 genera, 218 species, 34 varieties, and 2 forma. Among them, 20 taxa of evergreen broad trees, 31 taxa of naturalized plants were identified, and especially Rubus trifidus was first recorded in Busan. In the upper part of a circular road dominant species was Pinus thunbergii. In the lower part of a circular road and the coastal area, dominant species were Platycarya strobilacea, Clerodendron trichotomum, Euscaphis japonica, Quercus aliena, Quercus dentata, Mallotus japonicus, which distribute mainly in the subtropical and temperate zone. In the surveyed area, the canopy consistsed of tall trees, Pinus thunbergii, and the understratum were trees such as Eurya japonica, Ficus erecta, Ligustrum japonicum, Prunus sargentii, and Celtis sinensis var. japonica.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.311-320
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• 1990

This paper deals with pollen analysis of a 190cm core collected from the Chollipo Arboretum sedimentary basin($N36^{\circ}47$ 43", $E1269^{\circ}$ 7") in southwestern Korea in order to know the change of the climate and vegetation. In this research it is found that the pollen zones are divided into two layers. Pollen zone, I, the lower layer, is flourished with broadleaved trees such as Quercus, Alnus, Corylus, Betula, Carpinus and Castanopsis, and about 30~40% of pollen of those trees consist of that of Q. acuta/glauca and Castanopsis which are evergreen trees. And pollen of Trapa, Typhaceae and Nymphaceae living in wet habitat, is dominant among the nonarboreal pollen. Therefore we can conclude that it ould be warmer and more humid than present in this area of the past. In pollen zone, the upper layer, pollen of Pinus is dominant and those of Artemisia, Gramineae, Compositae and spore are increased in quantity, while pollen of Quercus, Belula and Nymphaceae decreased. It it supposed that the climate of this zone was drier than that zone.that zone.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.43-51
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• 1987

The forest vegetation of Jongyeoul hill, Seoul, was classified into six secondary forests and two plantations by ZM method; Pinus densiflora, Quercus acutissima, Pinus rigida, Robinia pseudoacacia and Alnus hirsuta-Quercus mongolica community, and Castanea crenata and Pinus koraiensis plantation. In the herb layer the species richness and total coverage of deciduous broad leaf forests showed higher values than those of evergreen needle leaf forests. The peak in July at Q. acutissima forest and in the middle of June at R. pseudoacacia forest. Simpson's diversity index(Ds) in different stands are as follows: Ds>0.6 in R. pseudoacacia forest, Ds=0.3~0.6 in Q. acutissima forest and Ds<0.3 in P. densiflora and P. rigida forest. It is found that, although dominance rank and importance value were originated from different school each other, two measures can be used exchangablym showing almost linear positive correlation between them in this study.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.243-255
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• 1991

The vegetation of haenam peninsula(126 30e.l. and 34 30n.l ) was investigated from July, 1990 to 1991. the units of vegetatin were classified by the phytosociological method of broun- blanquet's. the forest vegetation was classified into 7 communities, sasa borealis-quercus acuta, cinnamomum japonicum, camellia japonica, rhododendron mucronulatum-pinus thunbergii, pinus densiflora community, torreya nucifera, chamaecyparis obtusa afforestatio, and the actual vegetation map was drawn in 1 : 50,00 scaie.