• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.155-163
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• 2004

In this paper, we study oscillation and nonoscillation criteria of solutions for the following nonlinear differential equation $$\[\frac{1}{p(t)}(x^{\prime}(t))^{{\mu}}\]^{\prime}+q(t)x(t)^{{\mu}}=0$$ where ${\mu}$ with ${\mu}{\geq}1$ is a quotient of odd integers.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.486-496
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• 2018

Customer incivility is an important stress factor employees performing service tasks, and this is equally true for employees who perform civil affairs services. The purpose of this study is to investigate the negative effects of adverse customer behavior and ways to reduce it. This study adopts the Conservation of Resource (COR) theory in order to examine customer incivility. This study predicts that customer incivility will negative emotions and eventually lead to emotional exhaustion in employees. We also predict that social support (organizational support, supervisor support, coworker support) perceived by employees would moderate the relationship between customer incivility and negative emotions. This study is based on 481 questionnaires collected from public officials. The results are as follows: First, customer incivility causes negative emotions. Second, negative emotions mediate the relationship between customer incivility and emotional exhaustion. Third, the relationship between customer incivility and negative emotions showed moderating effects on the perception of organizational support which is one of three types of social support. Based on the results of this study, implications, limitations, and future direction of research are suggested.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.42-49
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• 1992

Charge accumulation characteristics in low density polyethylene (LDPE) has been discussed based upon the internal charge distrubution measured by the pulsed electroacoustic technique. When the negative voltage with respect to earth is applied to the upper electrode, the negative charges near the anode and the positive charges near the cathode are accumulated in LDPE. Also, there was an asymmetric behavior of charge accumulation exhibiting that the charge accumulation near the anode keeps increasing whereas that near the cathode increases first and then decreases. Besides, under the present test conditions the internal charge distrubution becomes stabilized eventually. When the positive voltage with respect to earth is applied to the upper electrode, on the other hand, no such asymmetric charge accumulation was found. Therefore, it can be concluded that the heterocharges are accumulated at the surface region of LDPE subjected to high do voltages and that the begavior of charge accumulation depends on the polarity of do voltage and the position of charge accumulation.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.93-100
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• 2014

Purpose - This study investigated the effect of the negative affect on compulsive buying and the interaction effect of the negative affect depending on the level of mindfulness. Compulsive buying is defined as chronic, repetitive purchasing that becomes an overlearned and automatic way to cope with negative feelings, and compulsive buyers may be particularly susceptible to cognitive narrowing when shopping. Mindfulness may be defined as a coordinative regulatory process to increase the level of attention by recognizing the present experiences non-judgmentally. Hence, mindfulness can be related with negative psychological results such as general mental distress, especially compulsive buying. The purpose of the current study is to examine the relationship between compulsive buying and mindfulness. In another words, this study investigated the effect of the internal regulatory mechanism (that is, mindfulness) on the mental disorder resulting from negative affect in the area of consumption (that is, compulsive buying). Research design, data, and methodology - One hundred and twenty-five college students were recruited for this study. The subjects were classified into two groups according to the degree of the negative affect (High Negative Affect Group vs. Low Negative Affect Group) by the mean value of negative affect (=2.47). The subjects were classified into two other groups according to the degree of mindfulness (High Mindfulness Group vs. Low Mindfulness Group) by the mean value of mindfulness (= 3.47). To analyze the effect of negative affect on compulsive buying, the degree of compulsive buying of the High and Low Negative Affect Groups were compared. To examine the moderating effect of mindfulness by using factorial design, the interaction effect of the negative affect (High vs. Low) and the mindfulness (High vs. Low) were analyzed. Results - The degree of the compulsive buying was higher when the degree of the negative affect was higher than lower (3.06High Negative Affect Group vs. 2.87Low Negative Affect Group, p=.014). The difference in the degree of the compulsive buying was larger when the degree of the mindfulness was lower than higher. In other words, the interaction effect of the negative affect and the mindfulness on the compulsive buying could be found (F(1,124)=10.098, p<.01). Conclusions - The results of the current study showed that the compulsive buying is influenced by the negative affect and that the effect of the negative affect on the compulsive buying varies depending on the level of the mindfulness. These results can be interpreted to imply that consumers who are in a state of high mindfulness pay attention to every minute of experience and activate the coordinatory function and that, eventually, habitual and reflective responses such as compulsive buying are restricted. It is concluded that consumers' mindfulness can facilitate the self-regulatory responses and alleviate the influence of negative affect on compulsive buying. Based on these results, the theoretical and practical implications of this research were discussed and the limitations and future research areas were suggested.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.513-529
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• 2015

This study performed corroborative analysis by establishing hypothesis so as to corroboratively define the effect on brand attitude of psychological risk recognition in the case where consumers reading negative media news related to bakery recognize crisis communication on the basis of which point. According to corroborative analysis, the role of psychological crisis perception as parameter is confirmed in the causal relation between crisis communication recognition and brand attitude. Such result of study confirms that the positive change in crisis communication recognition reduces psychological risk perception to bakery products and such psychological risk perception eventually become factor which affects brand attitude over products. Such result of study suggests that when reading negative media news on bakery, the influence on consumer's evaluation of news on the basis of certain point and the influence on the formation of causal relation between psychological risk perception and brand attitude has scientific ground. In the aspect, the main result of this study is to find the clue that when comparing precedent study between crisis communication recognition and brand attitude, psychological risk perception is realized with brand attitude as media by verifying the parameter role of psychological risk perception.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.13 no.3 s.56
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• pp.391-405
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• 2005

This study puts emphasis on showing the change of Stripe Pattern, which has been popular for a long period of time in many societies, with change in time, assessing its value as an art. During medieval period, Strife Pattern had a strong negative meaning as a sign of disgrace or inferiority, or had been used as discrimination against a mental or a sinner, who had been rejected or banished from the society. Through French Revolution, Stripe Pattern has become a symbol of liberty and equality, furthermore, the notion of society as well as countries. This event had positively affected on reevaluating its image, from inferior, negative to significant, artistic. Eventually the variety of aesthetic values of Stripe Pattern led its way to the variation of its functional value expanding its use other than fashion industry. It is anticipated that our fashion industry will flourish in creating new, creative design by understanding design and appreciating their aesthetic values with their applications to human sensibility.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.314-326
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to understand the experience of emotional labor of clinical nurses in medical institutes. Methods: A total of 26 nurses from 11 hospitals participated in the study. Six focus groups were organized and 4 to 5 nurses took part in each group. The compositional factors of groups included clinical experience, age, gender, work place and position. Data collection was conducted through focus group interview and it was proceeded by the time of data saturation. In this qualitative study, content analysis was conducted. Results: Five themes, 14 categories, and 33 subcategories, were emerged. The themes were 'Restrain themselves', 'Communion to the patients', 'Working environment provoking emotional tension', 'Respond to emotional events', 'Recovery of emotional energy'. Conclusion: Results indicated that surface acting of emotional labor such as, repression of personal desire and presenting the emotions that the organization ask nurse to express was related to psychosomatic symptoms, depression, burnout, poor job performance, increased mistakes, and low job satisfaction which eventually leads to nurses' turnover. In order to reduce negative influence of emotional labor, it is necessary to build positive organizational culture, to provide support from managers and co-workers. It is also important to improve work environment in order to do more deep acting since sharing emotions with patients can reduce the negative influence of emotional labor.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.215-217
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• 2007

Recently, the demand for high definition TV is being increased by beginning of the digital broadcasting. The higher resolution of PDP is, the longer addressing time become, then, the sustain period for display image decreases. Because of the reason, dual-scan method which synchronously write information of an image on top and bottom of the screen is used for the high definition PDP. However, as the price competition of PDP becomes severe, we can`t avoid turning to a single-scan method which uses only a half of an expensive address IC. Accordingly, the sustain period becomes much shorter than prior method. In case of XGA level, it is impossible to display, eventually. In this paper, we are going to prove usefulness by realizing negative reset waveform and the driving circuit for high speed addressing.

• Atmosphere
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.387-398
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• 2010

This study shows that frequency of tropical cyclone (TC) around Korea in summer (June-September) has positive relation with Arctic Oscillation (AO) in the preceding April. In a positive AO phase, each of anomalous cyclone and anomalous anticyclone is developed in low latitude and middle latitude regions of East Asia from the preceding April to summer. As a result, while anomalous southeasterly around Korea serves as a steering flow that TCs move toward this area is strengthened, northwesterly that reinforced in southeastern area of East Asia plays a role in preventing TCs from moving toward this area. In addition, due to this distribution of pressure systems developed in this AO phase, TCs tend to occur, move and recurve in further northeastern region in the western North Pacific than TCs in a negative AO phase. On the contrary, TCs in a negative AO phase mainly move westward toward southern China or Indochina Peninsula from Philippines. Eventually, intensity of TCs is weaker than those in a positive AO phase due to the terrain effect caused by high passage frequency of TCs in mainland China.

• BMB Reports
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 2005

Transforming Growth Factor (TGF)-$\beta$ family, including TGF-$\beta$, bone morphorgenic protein (BMP), and activn, plays an important role in essential cellular functions such as proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, tissue remodeling, angiognesis, immune responses, and cell adhesions. TGF-$\beta$ predominantly transmits the signals through serine/threonine receptor kinases and cytoplasmic proteins called Smads. Since the discovery of TGF-$\beta$ in the early 1980s, the dysregulation of TGF-$\beta$/Smad signaling has been implicated in the pathogenesis of human diseases. Among signal transducers in TGF-$\beta$/Smad signaling, inhibitory Smads (I-Smads), Smad6 and Smad7, act as major negative regulators forming autoinhibitory feedback loops and mediate the cross-talking with other signaling pathways. Expressions of I-Smads are mainly regulated on the transcriptional levels and post-translational protein degradations and their intracellular levels are tightly controlled to maintain the homeostatic balances. However, abnormal levels of I-Smads in the pathological conditions elicit the altered TGF-$\beta$ signaling in cells, eventually causing TGF-$\beta$-related human diseases. Thus, exploring the molecular mechanisms about the regulations of I-Smads may provide the therapeutic clues for human diseases induced by the abnormal TGF-$\beta$ signaling.