• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.201-209
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• 2012

시점기반 복합 이벤트 처리는 각 이벤트에 하나의 타임스탬프를 사용하여 즉각적인 이벤트를 처리한다. 하지만, 시점기반의 이벤트 처리로는 이벤트의 활동 기간이 중요한 역할을 하는 금융, 멀티미디어, 의학, 기상학 같은 분야에서 복합적인 시제 관계를 표현하기에는 불충분하다. 실세계의 애플리케이션 분야에서, 이벤트는 기간을 가지며, 두 종류 이상의 이벤트는 시간적으로 겹쳐질 수도 있고, 하나의 이벤트가 다른 이벤트를 포함할 수도 있다. 이런 종류의 이벤트들에 대한 관계는 시점기반 이벤트처럼 연속적이지 않을 수도 있다. 본 논문에서는 기간기반 이벤트를 사용하여 복합 이벤트의 패턴을 검출하는 방법을 설계하고 구현한다. 기간기반 이벤트는 시점기반 이벤트가 다룰 수 없는 이벤트들 사이의 겹침과 포함관계를 표현할 수 있다. 기간기반 이벤트 연산자는 시작 끝점과 종료 끝점을 사용하여 이벤트의 기간을 나타내고, 기간기반 이벤트의 시퀀스를 표현하여 복합 이벤트 패턴을 검출할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 복합 이벤트 패턴 검출의 효율성을 높이기 위해 활성 인스턴스 스택을 사용하는 알고리즘을 제시하며, 이벤트의 시퀀스를 구성할 때 중간 결과의 개수를 줄이기 위해 윈도우 푸시다운 기법을 적용하여 수행시간과 메모리의 효율을 높인다.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:소프트웨어및응용
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.377-385
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• 2002

다양한 사건들의 무대로서의 시공간 상황의 구축을 위한 정통적 시뮬레이션 기반을 개발한다. 사이버 세계의 정통성, 다시 말해 실제에 대한 논리적 충실성은 그 세계에서 일어나는 사건들의 다양성과 예측 불가성을 최대화함으로써 실현한다. 시공간에서 일어나는 사건의 시뮬레이션을 위한 지식 컴포넌트는 환경 요인, 객체, 사건, 상관관계가 있다. 자유 재량적 사건의 정통 시뮬레이션을 실현하기 위해 사건 활성화, 실행 방법과 사건 인지 함수들을 고안하였다. 본 시뮬레이션 환경에서 자주적인 에이전트들은 독자적인 존재와, 사건의 실행과 분리된 계획을 하는 능력을 가지고 있다. 사람의 의도를 반영할 수 있는 자유 재량적 사건의 정통 시뮬레이션과 관련 있는 기본적인 구성 요소들을 확인하였다. 시뮬레이션 방법의 실행 가능성을 보이기 위해 핵심적인 기술들을 중심으로 구현의 예를 보인다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.45-63
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• 2011

Objectives : The aim of this study is to review papers on adverse events in the course of Oriental Medical treatments in the JKAMS and the JCTKAM. Methods : We searched papers up to December 2010 in the JKAMS and The JCTKAM. Electronic and manual literature searches were performed. Results : 92 papers were retrived in total. Out of these, 62 reported the occurrence of adverse events whereas 30 reported none. Adverse events in treatments were generally transient and mild. However, this result had limitations due to the insufficient number of papers reporting adverse events and the inconsistency in the methodology according to each paper. Conclusions : Reports on adverse events are necessary in clinical research. In future research, organized case reports and systemic reviews should be carried out. Furthermore, prospective studies should be done as well.

• 천문학논총
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.15-19
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• 2000

The lens mass determined from the photometrically obtained Einstein time scale suffers from large uncertainty due to the lens parameter degeneracy. The uncertainty can be substantially reduced if the mass is determined from the lens proper motion obtained from astrometric measurements of the source image centroid shifts, ${\delta}{\theta}_c$, by using high precision interferometers from space-based platform such as the Space Interferometry Mission (SIM), and ground-based interferometers soon available on several 8-10m class telescopes. However, for the complete resolution of the lens parameter degeneracy it is required to determine the lens parallax by measuring the parallax-induced deviations in the centroid shifts trajectory, ${\Delta}{\delta}{\theta}_c$ aloe. In this paper, we investigate the detectabilities of ${\delta}{\theta}_c$ and ${\Delta}{\delta}{\theta}_c$ by determining the distributions of the maximum centroid shifts, $f({\delta}{\theta}_{c,max})$, and the average maximum deviations, $(<{\Delta}{\delta}_{c,max}>)$, for different types of Galactic microlensing events caused by various masses. From this investigation, we find that as long as source stars are bright enough for astrometric observations it is expected that $f({\delta}{\theta}_c)$ for most events caused by lenses with masses greater than 0.1 $M_\bigodot$ regardless of the event types can be easily detected from observations by using not only the SIM (with a detection threshold but also the ${\delta}{\theta}_{th}\;\~3{\mu}as)$ but also the ground-based interferometers $(with\;{\delta}{\theta}_{th}\;\~3{\mu}as)$. However, from ground-based observations, it will be difficult to detect ${\Delta}{\delta}{\theta}_c$ for most Galactic bulge self-lensing events, and the detection will be restricted only for small fractions of disk-bulge and halo-LMC events for which the deviations are relatively large. From observations by using the SIM, on the other hand, detecting ${\Delta}{\delta}{\theta}_c$ will be possible for majority of disk and halo events and for a substantial fraction of bulge self-lensing events. For the complete resolution of the lens parameter degeneracy, therefore, SIM observations will be essential.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.65-76
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• 2011

Objectives : The aim of this study is to survey adverse events of acupuncture in the course of peripheral facial palsy treatments. Methods : The prospective observational study included patients hospitalized to receive acupuncture treatments for peripheral facial palsy. All patients were surveyed daily for adverse events associated with the acupuncture treatments applied the day before. Results : A total of 50 patients received $37.68{\pm}20.37$ acupuncture treatments in average. 36 patients reported experiencing at least one adverse event. Total 163 adverse events were reported. Common adverse events were bleeding(62), bruise(33), pain(30), tiredness(11), hematoma(7). The others were paresthesia(4), erythema(3), delay of removing needles(2), edema(2), aggravation of symptoms(2), declining of appetite(2), pruritus(1), drowsiness(1), anxiety(1), sweating(1), headache(1). Conclusions : Acupuncture has adverse events, like any therapeutic approaches. However, it is a relatively safe treatment. In future study, organized large scale prospective survey should be carried out to fully prove that acupuncture is safe.

• 대기
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.343-364
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• 2014

This study presents local and synoptic conditions associated with extreme heavy snowfall events in the Yeongdong region, as well as the temporal and spatial variability of these conditions. During the last 12 years (2001~2012), 3 extreme snowfall events occurred in the Yeongdong region, which recorded daily snowfall greater than 50 cm, respectively. In these events, one of the noticeable features is the occurrence of heavy hourly snowfall greater than 10 cm. It was reported from satellite analysis that these heavy snowfall may be closely related to mesoscale convective clouds. In this paper the 3 extreme events are examined on their synoptic environments associated with the developments of mesoscale convective system using numerical model output. These 3 events all occurred in strongly forced synoptic environments where 500 and 300 hPa troughs and 500 hPa thermal troughs were evident. From the analysis of diagnostic variables, it was found in all 3 events that absolute vorticity and cold air advection were dominant in the Yeongdong region and its surrounding sea at upper levels, especially at around 500 hPa (absolute vorticity: $20{\sim}60{\times}10^{-5}s^{-1}$, cold air advection: $-10{\sim}-20^{\circ}C$ $12hr^{-1}$). Moreover, the spatial distributions of cold advection showed mostly the shape of a narrow band along the eastern coast of Korea. These features of absolute vorticity and cold advection at 500 hPa were sustained for about 10 hours before the occurrence of maximum hourly snowfall.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2014

Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate the incidence and clinical features of adverse events associated with herbal medicine, and to analyze their causality and severity. Methods This study was carried out from 159 children and adolescents who took herbal medicine in the Department of Pediatrics, ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ Korean Medical Hospital from december, 2013 to april, 2014. The data was collected by survey in person or telephone. The World Health Organization (WHO)-Uppsala Monitoring Center (UMC) criteria was used to analyze causality for each adverse events. Results 1. 207 cases were surveyed from 159 children and adolescents who took one or more kinds of herbal medicine. 2. A total of 12 general adverse events (5.8%) were reported from the study. Among these adverse events, 8 cases (3.9%) were associated with herbal medicine. 3. Gastro-intestinal system disorders were most frequently reported (70%) as adverse events, which is followed by psychiatric disorders (15%), skin and appendages disorders (10%), urinary system disorders (5%). 4. The most common clinical symptom was abdominal pain (20%), followed by diarrhea (15%), loose stools (10%), vomiting (10%) and borborygmus (10%). 5. The severity of adverse drug reactions was mostly mild (87.5%), and moderate (12.5%). There was no severe case. Conclusions The adverse events from herbal medicine on children and adolescents were mostly minor, most of them could continue herbal medicines.

• International Journal of Contents
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.25-43
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• 2016

An agent-centric event planning method is proposed for providing pedagogical experiences in an immersed environment. Two-level planning is required at in a macro-level (i.e., inter-event level) and an intra-event level to provide realistic experiences with the objective of learning declarative knowledge. The inter-event (horizontal) planning is based on search, while intra-event (vertical) planning is based on hierarchical decomposition. The horizontal search is dictated by several realistic types of association between events besides the conventional causality. The resulting schematic plan is further augmented by conditions associated with those agents cast into the roles of the events identified in the plan. Rather than following a main story plot, all the events potentially relevant to accomplishing an initial goal are derived in the final result of our planning. These derived events may progress concurrently or digress toward a new main goal replacing the current goal or event, and the plan could be merged or fragmented according to their respective lead agents' intentions and other conditions. The macro-level coherence across interconnected events is established via their common background world existing a priori. As the pivotal source of event concurrency and intricacy, agents are modeled to not only be autonomous but also independent, i.e., entities with their own beliefs and goals (and subsequent plans) in their respective parts of the world. Additional problems our method addresses for augmenting pedagogical experiences include casting of agents into roles based on their availability, subcontracting of subsidiary events, and failure of multi-agent event entailing fragmentation of a plan. The described planning method was demonstrated by monitoring implementation.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.75-90
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to identify the stressful events, students their coping methods, and to provide data which maintain and promote healthy students, mentally and physically, The data were collected from total of 481 students from a technical high school in Pusan The Questionnair survey was done from February 2 to February 14, 1988 Analysis of the data was done using descriptive statistics, frequency, ANOVA and a t-test, The findings of the research were as follows: 1) As to the general characteristics of the 481 subjects, 376 (78.2%) were boys and 105 (218%) were girls In terms of health, 93% were in poor health From the results, It seems that when students have problems, many of them seek advice from their friends while nobody seeks advice from their teachers. 2) This study found that most students have many stressful events. In boy students, the most serious events were the following, 'death of parents', 'death of brother or Sister', 'divorce of parents' In girl students, the most serious erents were the following: 'death of brother or sister', 'death or serious sickness of friend', 'death of parents'. 3) To cope With these events, boy students used positive ways such as the following, 'to listen to music', 'to bear', 'to think through the problems' To cope with stressful events, girl students used the following positive methods 'to listen to music', 'to talk with others', 'to sing', 'to sleep' and 'to weep', A small percentage of students used the following negative methods 'to drink alcohol', 'to skip school' and 'to escape from home' 4) The relationship between stressful events and general characteristics represented Significant differences in academic scores (F=1.440, p=0008), health state (F=1.388, p=0.015), and relationship with parents (F=1.685, p=0.000) The relationship between general characteristics and coping methods represented a significant difference in sex (t=-3.100, p=0.002).

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.327-345
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• 2013

This study aims to investigate how pre-service elementary school teachers understand 'something scientific', 'being scientific', 'scientific events' and 'scientific questions' through semantic network analysis. To achieve this purpose, this study carried out a central analysis of the frequency and density of words and the degree of connection between key words, a concentric analysis, a click analysis and a common network analysis through text semantic network analysis by using NetMiner 4.0 Program. Based on the results of these analyses, this study came to the following conclusions. Firstly, in perceiving 'something scientific', pre-service elementary school teachers recognized 'verification', 'objective' and 'experiment' as most important words. In other words, they perceived that main grounds for something scientific should be provided through clear facts, possible to be verified and accompanied by an exact and logical theoretical system. In regard to 'being scientific', they perceived 'explanation', 'objective' and 'verification' as most important words, while having a traditional point of view that science is a set that can be explained objectively. Secondly, in regard that the term, 'observation', is contained in 'scientific events', they showed a high rate of understanding it as a scientific event. In regard to scientifical reasons, they showed the highest frequency of 'observation', and for unscientific reasons, they showed the highest frequency of 'behavior'. In perceiving 'scientific questions', they showed the highest frequency of determining bacteria-related questions as scientific. As a reason why they thought as scientific, they mentioned 'observation' most frequently like 'scientific events', while mentioning 'value judgement' as a reason why they thought as unscientific most frequently. From the results of integrated network analysis, this study found out that words pre-service teachers commonly used in stating scientific events or scientific questions were overlapped with words they mentioned for scientific events or scientific questions. As a result, it was found there were many pre-service teachers having interpreted scientific words without clearly distinguishing scientific events or scientific questions.