• 생태와환경
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.242-254
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• 2010

인위적 요인에 의해 특성이 바뀐 하천은 인류에게 좋은 기능을 제공하기도 하나 역기능을 주기도 한다. 역기능은 주로 교란으로서 교란이 나타나면 하천의 구조 및 기능 상실은 시간의 경과에 따라 심화된다. 따라서 이 악순환을 끊기 위하여 현황에 대책 마련이 바람직하다. 낙동강에서 하천교란이 이루어진 3개 구간 및 대조구간에서 3년간 어류상을 활용하여 하천생태를 평가하였다. 2007년부터 2009년까지 낙동강의 6개 조사지점에서 나타난 어류상은 3목 10과 41종이었다. 확인된 어종 중 한국고유종은 14종 (34.1%), 외래어종은 3종 (7.3%)이었다. 하천 생태평가 시 출현 종 수, 군집분석, 생태계 구조 및 서식처 다양성을 적용하였다. 6개 지점의 3년 종합 자료 평가를 보면 안동댐 하류, 내성천 수계에서는 출현어종의 수적 불안전성을 나타낸 반면 감천은 안동댐 수계보다 출현종의 다양성이 나타나고 있었다. 안동댐 하류, 내성천, 그리고 감천을 포함하는 모래하천은 임하댐 하류 및 길안천을 포함하는 자갈하천보다 생물 다양성과 서식처 다양성이 우수한 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.161-172
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• 2010

As the interest on biodiversity has increased around the world, researches about evaluating potential for habitat are also increasing to find and comprehend the valuable habitats. This study focus on comprehending the significance of stream in evaluating habitat's potential. The purpose of this study is to evaluate habitat potential with applying stream as a main variable, and to comprehend the relationship between the variables and habitat potential. Basin is a unit that has hydrological properties and dynamic interaction with ecosystem. Especially, biodiversity and suitability of habitat in basin area has direct correlation with stream. Existing studies also are proposing for habitat potential evaluation in basin unit, they applied forest, slope and road as main variables. Despite stream is considered the most important factor in basin area, researchers haven't applied stream as a main variable. Therefore, in this study, three variables that can demonstrate hydrological properties are selected, which are, riparian distance, stream order and land use disturbance, and evaluate habitat potential. Habitat potential is analyzed by using Maxent (Maximum entropy model), and vertebrate's presence data is used as dependent variables and stream order map and land cover map is used as base data of independent variables. As a result of analysis, habitat potential is higher at riparian and upstream area, and lower at frequently disturbed area. Result indicates that adjacent to stream, upstream, and less disturbed area is the habitat that vertebrate prefer. In particular, mammals prefer adjacent area of stream and forest and reptiles prefer upriver area. Birds prefer adjacent area of stream and midstream and amphibians prefer adjacent area of stream and upriver. The result of this research could help to establish habitat conservation strategy around basin unit in the future.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.85-95
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• 2024

Background: In Korea, riparian zones and some floodplains have been converted into agricultural fields and urban areas. However, there are essential for maintaining biodiversity, as they are important ecological spaces. There are also very important spaces for humanity, as they perform various ecosystem services in a changing environment including climate change. Due to the importance of rivers, river restoration projects have been promoted for a long time, but their achievement has been insignificant. Development should be pursued by thoroughly evaluating the success of the restoration project. Ecological restoration is to accelerate succession, a process that a disturbed ecosystem recovers itself, with human assistance. Ecological restoration can be a test bed for testing ecological theories in the field. In this respect, ecological restoration should go beyond a 'simple landscaping exercise' and apply ecological models and theories in restoration practice. Results: The cross-section of the restored stream is far from natural rivers due to its steep slope and artificial material. The vegetation profiles of the restored streams did not reflect the flooding regime of the river. The species composition of the vegetation in the restored stream showed a significant difference from that of the reference stream, and was also different from that of an unrestored urban stream. Although species richness was high and the proportion of exotic species was low in the restored stream, the effect was offset by the high proportion of gardening and landscaping plants or obligate terrestrial plants. Conclusions: Based on both the morphological and ecological characteristics of the river, the restoration effect in the restored stream was evaluated to be very low. In order to solve the problems, a systematic adaptive management plan is urgently required. Furthermore, it is necessary to institutionalize the evaluation of restoration effects for the development of river restoration projects in the future.

• 한국환경교육학회지:환경교육
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2010

Ecological restoration aims to reverse the degradation of ecosystems that occurred as humans have affected landscapes. This study was conducted in part of a larger project to develop participatory ecological restoration procedures for disturbed areas in Baigdoodaegahn which is a major mountain range in the Korean Peninsula. The case of alpine farmland at Kangwon-do was selected to apply the theoretical framework of participatory restoration since the nutrient contents in alpine solid under vegetable cultivation degrade water quality in the watershed while farmers in the region are economically struggling due to imports of vegetables from China. The reciprocal model of restoration was applied to cope with interactions between human and ecosystem needs in ecological restoration. A series of environmental education and eco-tourism programs were developed and incorporated into the participatory restoration project to rebuild social-cultural aspects of the community as well as to restore the biophysically disturbed area while meeting both ecological needs and human needs. This study suggests that participatory projects will be more successful when experts support the local residents and citizens in restoration process, when leadership are developed through social learning, and when ecological, financial and social factors of restoration are integratedly considered.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제85권4호
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• pp.605-618
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• 1996

훼손된 생태계(生態系)로 간주한 남산(南山)과 비교적 자연생태계(自然生態系)를 유지하고 있는 광릉(光陵)을 대상으로 식물종의 구성 상태를 중심으로 각 지역의 구조적인 식물 종다양성(種多樣性)을 파악하고 훼손된 생태계로 간주한 남산(南山)에 대하여 장차 자연 상태의 생태계로 복원하는데 필요한 여러 가지 생태적(生態的) 정보(情報)를 제공하기 위하여 본 연구를 수행하였다. 상층(上層) 식생(植生)은 $20m{\times}20m$, 중층(中層) 식생(植生)은 $4m{\times}4m$, 하층(下層) 식생(植生)은 $1m{\times}1m$의 정방형(正方形) 표본구(標本區)를 설정한 계층표본구법(階層標本區法)을 적용하여 목본(木本)과 초본식물(草本植物)의 자료를 수집하였으며, 초본 식물은 봄, 여름, 가을의 종(種) 출현의 변화를 감안하여 계절별로 조사하였다. 임형(林型)별, 수직 구조상의 층별, 계절별로 출현하는 식물종을 바탕으로 종구성(種構成) 상태(狀態), 종다양성(種多樣性), 생활형(生活型) 다양성(多樣性), 종간(種間) 상관관계(相關關係), 종(種)별 서식지(棲息地) 평가 등의 분석을 통하여 식물종과 관련되는 산림(山林) 생태계적(生態系的) 속성(屬性)들을 검토하였다. 남산(南山) 관엽수림(關葉樹林)의 상층 임관을 구성하는 임목의 종다양성(種多樣性) 지수(指數)는 광릉(光陵) 천연림(天然林)의 상층 임목의 종다양성 지수보다 높게 조사되었으나, 전반적인 식물의 종다양도는 광릉(光陵) 지역이 남산(南山) 지역보다 높게 나타났다. 선정된 초본(草本) 식물(植物) 중에서 광릉(光陵) 지역에서만 출현하고 남산(南山)에서는 찾아볼 수 없었던 것으로는 개싹눈바꽃, 늦고사리삼, 느리미고사리, 광릉골무꽃, 뻐꾹나리, 그리고 광릉제비꽃 등으로 광릉(光陵) 지역의 특산종(特産種)이 대부분이었다. 목본(木本) 식물(植物) 중에는 보리수나무 그리고 서울귀룽나무가 남산(南山)에서만 조사되었고, 고로쇠나무, 복자기나무, 서어나무, 층층나무. 들메나무, 황벽나무 등 천연 활엽수림의 전형적인 수종이 출현하더라도 그 생육지가 극히 작은 면적 혹은 일부분에 국한되었다. 장차 남산(南山) 지역의 생물다양성(生物多樣性)을 복원하는 차원에서 이와 같은 식물(植物) 종(種)의 분포(分布) 영역(領域)이 확대되는 방향으로 이끌어 나갈 필요성이 있다고 판단된다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.272-277
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• 2018

Background: Studying the ecosystem carbon cycle requires analysis of interrelationships between soil respiration (Rs) and the environment to evaluate the balance. Various methods and instruments have been used to measure Rs. The closed chamber method, which is currently widely used to determine Rs, creates a closed space on the soil surface, measures $CO_2$ concentration in the inner space, and calculates Rs from the increase. Accordingly, the method is divided into automatic or manual chamber methods (ACM and MCM, respectively). However, errors of these methods and differences in instruments are unclear. Therefore, we evaluated the characteristics and difference of Rs values calculated using both methods with actual data. Results: Both methods determined seasonal variation patterns of Rs, reflecting overall changes in soil temperature (Ts). ACM clearly showed detailed changes in Rs, but MCM did not, because such small changes are unknown as Rs values are collected monthly. Additionally, Rs measured using MCM was higher than that using ACM and differed depending on measured plots, but showed similar tendencies with all measurement times and plots. Contrastingly, MCM Rs values in August for plot 4 were very high compared with ACM Rs values because of soil disturbances that easily occur during MCM measurements. Comparing Rs values calculated using monthly means with those calculated using MCM, the ACM calculated values for monthly averages were higher or lower than those of similar measurement times using the MCM. The difference between the ACM and MCM was attributed to greater or lesser differences. These Rs values estimated the carbon released into the atmosphere during measurement periods to be approximately 57% higher with MCM than with ACM, at 5.1 and $7.9C\;ton\;ha^{-1}$, respectively. Conclusion: ACM calculated average values based on various Rs values as high and low for measurement periods, but the MCM produced only specific values for measurement times as representative values. Therefore, MCM may exhibit large errors in selection differences during Rs measurements. Therefore, to reduce this error using MCM, the time and frequency of measurement should be set to obtain Rs under various environmental conditions. Contrastingly, the MCM measurement is obtained during $CO_2$ evaluation in the soil owing to soil disturbance caused by measuring equipment, so close attention should be paid to measurements. This is because the measurement process is disturbed by high $CO_2$ soil concentration, and even small soil disturbances could release high levels into the chamber, causing large Rs errors. Therefore, the MCM should be adequately mastered before using the device to measure Rs.

• 생태와환경
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• 제39권2호통권116호
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• pp.198-208
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• 2006

본 연구는 어류를 이용한 생물학적 수환경 평가기법 즉, '생물통합지수'라 불리는 다변수 모델기법을 적용하는 것이다. 본 연구를 위하여 2004년 8월 ${\sim}$ 2005년 9월까지 갑천에서 5개 지점을 선정하여 조사하였다. 또한 생물학적 자료와 함께 환경부에서 제공되는 장기간의 수진자료와 물리적 서식지 평가 결과를 비교하였다. 어류 군집에 기반으로 한 하천의 생몰학적 건강도 평가를 위하여 Karr(1981)가 제시한 12메트릭 모델을 국내 실정에 맞게 10메트릭 모델로 변형하여 적용하였다. US EPA(1993)와 Karr(1981)의 기준에 따르면 갑천의 평균 생물학적 건강도 지수는 24.0 (범위: 20 ${\sim}$ 30, n=5)으로 보동${\sim}$악화 상태를 나타내었다. 장마기간에 조사된 4차 조사를 제외한 나머지 조사 중 상류부(SI~S3)와 하류부(S4, S5)의 평균 생물학적 건강도 지수는 26.0${\sim}$24.0으로 나타난 반면 4차 조사는 상류부와 하류부가 각각 21.0과 20.0을 기록하였다. 이는 장마로 인한 교란현상을 시사하며 또한 하류부보다는 상류부가 장마의 영향을 심하게 받는 것을 알 수 있다. 물리적 서식지 평가 지수는 75(보통)${\sim}$148(양호)상태를 보였다. 53은 75점을 기록하여 다른 지점에 비하여 상당히 낮은 수치(P=0.001, n=5)를 보였으며 생물학적 건강도 평가 지수 역시 24를 기록하여 상당히 낮은 수치를 보였다. 생물학적 산소요구량, 화학적 산소요구량, 총인, 총질소의 네 항목은 상류에 비하여 하류에서 3${\sim}$8배 가랑 상승하였으며, 이는 생물학적건강도 지수가 이 ${\cdot}$ 화학적 수질과 물리적 서식지를 모두 반영하는 결과라 사료되었다. 이와 같은 이유로 생물학적건강도 평가기법은 하천생태계를 현재를 진단하는 것뿐만이 아니라 나아가서 하천생태계와 수질을 회복하는데 핵심도구로 여겨진다.