• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.24-30
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• 2012

Objective : This study was conducted to assess the clinical significance of traumatic brain stem injury (TBSI) reflected on Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) and Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS) by various clinical variables. Methods : A total of 136 TBSI patients were selected out of 2695 head-injured patients. All initial computerized tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging studies were retrospectively analyzed according to demographic- and injury variables which result in GCS and GOS. Results : In univariate analysis, mode of injury showed a significant effect on combined injury (p<0.001), as were the cases with skull fracture on radiologic finding (p<0.000). The GCS showed a various correlation with radiologic finding (p<0.000), mode of injury (p<0.002), but less favorably with impact site (p<0.052), age (p<0.054) and skull fracture (p<0.057), in order of statistical significances. However, only GOS showed a definite correlation to radiologic finding (p<0.000). In multivariate analysis, the individual variables to enhance an unfavorable effect on GCS were radiologic finding [odds ratio (OR) 7.327, 95% confidence interval (CI)], mode of injury (OR; 4.499, 95% CI) and age (OR; 3.141, 95% CI). Those which influence an unfavorable effect on GOS were radiologic finding (OR; 25.420, 95% CI) and age (OR; 2.674, 95% CI). Conclusion : In evaluation of TBSI on outcome, the variables such as radiological finding, mode of injury, and age were revealed as three important ones to have an unfavorable effect on early stage outcome expressed as GCS. However, mode of injury was shown not to have an unfavorable effect on late stage outcome as GOS. Among all unfavorable variables, radiological finding was confirmed as the only powerful prognostic variable both on GCS and GOS.

• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.93-100
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 전기로 산화슬래그 잔골재를 30%, 50% 치환하여 초기재령 콘크리트의 역학적 특성을 평가하였다. 굳지 않은 콘크리트에서 슬럼프, 공기량, 단위용적질량을 검토하였으며, 경화 콘크리트에서 압축강도와 촉진 염화물 침투 실험을 진행하였다. 전기로 산화슬래그 잔골재 혼입량이 증가함에 따라, 슬럼프 및 공기량이 감소하였으며, 이는 전기로 산화슬래그의 다량의 미립분 및 거친 표면으로 인한 것으로 사료된다. 또한, 압축강도 발현율을 검토한 결과, 재령 7일까지 최대 111% 증가하였지만, 재령 28일에서 약 90%까지 감소하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 전기로 산화슬래그 혼입 콘크리트의 초기재령에서의 촉진 염화물 침투 실험결과 OPC 콘크리트와 큰 차이가 나타나지 않음에 따라 콘크리트 대체 골재로 사용함에 있어 충분한 성능을 갖고 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.2533-2540
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• 2013

Background: Although screening is necessary where gastric cancer is particularly common in Asia, the performance outcomes of mass screening programs have remained unclear. This study was conducted to evaluate cost-effectiveness outcomes of the national cancer screening program (NCSP) for gastric cancer in South Korea. Materials and Methods: People aged 40 years or over during 2002-2003 (baseline) were the target population. Screening recipients and patients diagnosed with gastric cancers were identified using the NCSP and Korea Central Cancer Registry databases. Clinical outcomes were measured in terms of mortality and life-years saved (LYS) of gastric cancer patients during 7 years based on merged data from the Korean National Health Insurance Corporation and National Statistical Office. We considered direct, indirect, and productivity-loss costs associated with screening attendance. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) estimates were produced according to screening method, sex, and age group compared to non-screening. Results: The age-adjusted ICER for survival was 260,201,000-371,011,000 Korean Won (KW; 1USD=1,088 KW) for the upper-gastrointestinal (UGI) tract over non-screening. Endoscopy ICERs were lower (119,099,000-178,700,000 KW/survival) than UGI. To increase 1 life-year, additional costs of approximately 14,466,000-15,014,000 KW and 8,817,000-9,755,000 KW were required for UGI and endoscopy, respectively. Endoscopy was the most cost-effective strategy for males and females. With regard to sensitivity analyses varying based on the upper age limit, endoscopy NCSP was dominant for both males and females. For males, an upper limit of age 75 or 80 years could be considered. ICER estimates for LYS indicate that the gastric cancer screening program in Korea is cost-effective. Conclusion: Endoscopy should be recommended as a first-line method in Korea because it is beneficial among the Korean population.

• 아동학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.1-28
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• 1988

The purpose of this study was to develop a behavior rating scale for the evaluation of children's development for utilization by preschool teachers. The procedures for the study included content validation, pilot test, and main study. A total of 97 items were retained after the content validation and pilot test. The items of the scale were grouped into five areas (physical, language, cognitive, emotional, and social development) and 11 sub-areas. The resulting "Behavior Rating Scale for Preschool Children" was administered to 479 boys and girls, 3-6 through 6-5 years of age, selected from 10 different kindergartens and early education centers in Seoul, Pusan, and Chonju. The analysis of data was done with SPSS computer programs, including item analysis, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ for reliability, factor analysis to test construct validity, two-way ANOVA to test age and sex differences, and percentile norms. The 97 items of the scale were found to be satisfactory in terms of item discrimination with indices ranging from .31 to .73. Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ was .98 for the total scale and ranged from .87 to .93 in specific domains, which was considered satisfactory. The factors extracted from each area were consistent with the educational objectives of the Yonsei Open Education Program except for emotional development. The intercorrelations among the domains were relatively high, ranging from .56 to .81. Age differences were significant in cognitive, physical, and language development, but not significant in social and emotional development. Sex differences were significant in all areas with girls higher on the average than the boys. Percentile ranks were drived from the total score for each age group and quartiles were calculated for sub-scores in each domain.

• Educational Technology International
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.59-85
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• 2016

The purpose of the study is to report differences in the effects of learner characteristics on the self-regulated learning (SRL) abilities between Chinese and Korean distance learners by using a structured SRL scale. A standardized 54-item self-regulated learning scale (SRAS) was used. The reliability was tested both in China and Korea which showed the scale had good reliability. The comparative study were conducted by administering the SRAS on 1999 Chinese distance learners from the Open Distance Education Center of Beijing Normal University and 1941 Korean distance learners from H Cyber University. Data on four dimensions of SRL - planning, control, regulating, and evaluation - were analyzed using 't-test' and 'ANOVA' with regards to the learner characteristics such as gender, age, prior education level, semesters, location and major. Results indicated that the average participant had an above medium level of SRL ability in all of the four dimensions. There were significant differences in the self-regulated learning ability between Chinese and Korean distance learners. Chinese distance learners scored higher in SRAS than Korean distance learners. The effects of learner characteristics on the SRL ability showed different patterns in the two countries. As for gender, male learners scored better in SRL than female learners in China, whereas it was just the opposite in Korea. No age differences were found in China, but Korean data exhibited a consistent age effect in all dimensions. In Korea, the age group older than 46 scored the highest, followed by the group between 35 to 45 years old, the group between 26 to 35 years old and the group younger than 25. As for location, Korean distance students from metropolitan were better than those from other regions, whereas it was on the contrary in China, albeit the location effect was not statistically significant. Prior education level had a clear and consistent effect on the SRL ability in both countries: the distance learners from junior colleges had better planning, regulating and evaluating abilities than those who came from senior high schools. These results have been discussed in various contexts of distance/online education as well as in relation to different culture between China and Korea. The results will also have implications for designing distance and online learning generally.

• 분석과학
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.269-276
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• 2016

고산리 유적은 우리나라 최초 토기로 알려진 고산리식 토기가 출토된 초기 신석기시대 유적이다. 이 연구에서는 고산리 유적의 형성 및 점유에 대한 절대연대 편년을 위하여 유적 내 표준 퇴적층에서 채취된 시료를 대상으로 OSL 연대측정을 수행하였다. 각 퇴적층의 고고선량은 $220^{\circ}C$ 열전처리 온도의 단일시료재현법을 적용하여 산출되었으며, 최종적으로 유적의 퇴적환경을 고려하여 maximum age model을 적용하여 결정하였다. 산출된 고고선량을 연간선량율로 나누어 고산리 유적 퇴적층의 OSL 연대를 결정하였다. 각 퇴적층의 OSL 연대와 14C 연대를 종합한 결과, 고산리 유적은 신석기인들에 의해 기원전 9천년 이후에 형성된 이후 고산리식 토기를 포함하는 신석기시대 초기 유적에서부터 다양한 시기의 다양한 유구가 존재해 오다가 기원전 4천년 중반에 폐기되어 현재에 이르렀다고 추론된다.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈E:수학교육논문집
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.367-387
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• 2017

본 연구는 디지털 시대의 대학수학교육이라는 주제로, 21세기 디지털 교육환경에서 한국에 적합한 대학수학교육 강좌를 어떻게 구성하고 운영할 수 있는지에 대한 것이다. 21세기 디지털 시대의 교육 환경은 수학 교수 학습 방법의 변화 뿐 아니라 수학교육에 대한 인식과 철학의 변화에도 지대한 영향을 주고 있다. 본 연구진은 디지털 환경에 적합한 대학수학교육이란 디지털과 첨단 모바일/인터넷 환경을 강의에 적절히 반영하고 이 과정에서 학생이 스스로 학습과정에 참여하도록 안내하는 교육이라고 판단하였다. 따라서 본 연구진은 디지털 시대의 대학수학교육을 위하여 첫째, 다양한 웹 링크와 시뮬레이션 및 계산이 가능한 코드를 갖춘 실습실을 개발하여 강의에 활용함으로써 학생들이 언제 어디서든 실시간으로 실습이 가능하고 둘째, 계산된 결과를 LMS를 통해 동료 및 교수자와 함께 질의 응답 토론하여 개념에 대해 깊게 이해하고 설명할 수 있으며 마지막으로 LMS에서 이루어지는 모든 과정을 평가에 지속적으로 반영하여 학생들이 자신의 학습과정과 문제해결과정을 서술하고 발표하면서 비판적 사고 능력을 자연스럽게 갖추어야 한다는 교수 학습 방향을 제안하였다. 더불어 디지털 교육환경에 가장 적합한 수학강좌 중 하나인 '선형대수학' 강좌에 무료 디지털 전자 교과서와 콘텐츠를 갖추고 연구진이 제안한 방향에 따른 교수 학습 모형과 대학 선형대수학강좌 운영에 대한 구체적인 방법을 제시하였다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.24-33
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• 2019

Background: Spontaneous use of the upper extremities on the affected side of patients with stroke is a meaningful indicator of recovery and may vary by the age or dominant hand of patients. No prior study has reported changes in actual amount of use test (AAUT) and motor activity log (MAL)-28 according to age and handedness in healthy adults, and AAUT inter-rater reliability for assessment of healthy adults. Objects: This study aimed to (1) research the differences in AAUT and MAL-28 according to age and handedness in healthy adults, and (2) determine the inter-rater reliability of the AAUT. Methods: Seventy healthy adults participated in this study. The MAL-28 was assessed by dividing 61 subjects into young right-handed ($n_1=20$), young left-handed ($n_2=21$), and older right-handed ($n_3=20$) groups. The AAUT was assessed by dividing 63 subjects into young right-handed ($n_1=25$), young left-handed ($n_2=18$), and older right-handed ($n_3=20$) groups. Student's t-test and the Wilcoxon signedrank test were used for statistical analysis. Results: The Amount of Use (AOU) scale values for each group showed no significant differences between age groups and handedness groups in the MAL-28 (p>.05). The AAUT AOU scale value showed significant differences regarding dominant handedness in the AAUT (p<.05), but no significant differences according to age (p>.05). (2) Inter-rater reliability of the AAUT was excellent, except few items (item 9, 11, and 12). Conclusion: Although both the MAL-28 and the AAUT measured how much participants used their dominant arms in healthy subjects, the AAUT only showed significantly higher dominant arm use in left hander than the right hander. In addition, the inter-rater reliability of the AAUT was excellent. Current results can be utilized as a basic information when clinicians develop rehabilitation strategies, and AAUT was shown to be a reliable evaluation tool for measurement of upper extremity use in Korean adults, based on the reliability demonstrated by this study.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.365-374
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• 1998

Although the information related to health and nutrition continues to increase at an ever-increasing rate, systematic database which is necessary for self-management of woman health over the life cycle has been rarely found. The purpose of this study was to offer valuable information on woman health and nutrition through the computer, and, therefore, to enable Korean women to manage their health by themselves according to their life cycle, Prior to constructing the information system, a survey was conducted to verify the use and usefulness of the health information currently available through the PC communication and internet, and to identify the specific topics of the health and nutrition information Korean women need. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed through PC communication. The responses of 1,117 women were analyzed. Most of the subjects(72.8%) were at the age of twenties, and 14.6% at tens, 10.7% at thirties, and only 1.9% were over forties. The educational level of the subjects was high ; 44.8% were college graduates or above, 31.4% were college students. The greatest obstacles to the use of health information appeared to be the lack of expertise of the information on the PC communication and taking too much time to get information on the internet. The extent of the interest of the specific topic was determined by a 5-point scale. Out of the 22 topics of the health and nutrition information given on the questionnaire, stress management was ranked as the top over the whole range of age. The top three topics in which women had interests except stress management varied by age group ; diet for weight control and self-evaluation of the meal at the age of less than twenty-four ; health and nutrition management for preventing cancer and diet for weight control at the age of twenty-five to twenty-nine ; health and nutrition management for infants and children, and for preventing osteoporosis at the age of thirty to thirty-four ; health and nutrition management for preventing osteoporosis, and for preventing cancer at the age of over thirty-five. On the basis of these results an information system necessary to Korean women in order to manage their health by themselves according to the life cycle will be constructed through internet.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.662-669
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• 2003

최근 들어 콘크리트 구조물의 내구성 및 사용성이 강조되고 있는 추세에서 많은 연구자들이 초기 재령 콘크리트의 거동에 대하여 실험 및 해석적으로 분석하고 있다. 그러나 이러한 노력에도 불구하고 아직도 초기재령 콘크리트의 거동에 대하여 많은 불확실성이 존재하며 대부분의 실험이 실내 실험에 국한되어 실제 구조물 내에서 발생하는 거동에 대한 분석은 전무한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 실제 구조물의 변형 및 열응력 이력의 계측을 통하여 초기재령 콘크리트의 응력 예측에 사용되는 컴플라이언스 함수를 추정하여 제안하였다. 본 연구에서 제안된 컴플라이언스 함수를 재하재령 및 재하기간에 따라 기존의 컴플라이언스 함수와 비교하였으며 기존의 함수는 초기 콘크리트의 변형을 과소평가하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 제안된 함수를 이용하여 콘크리트의 시간에 따른 응력을 계산하였으며 계산된 응력은 기존의 함수를 이용하여 계산된 응력이 실제 응력을 과대평가하는것과는 달리 계측된 응력과 거의 일치하였다. 따라서 본 연구에서 제안된 컴플라이언스 함수는 초기재령 콘크리트의 시간에 따른 응력을 합리적으로 평가하는데 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.