• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2019.11a
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• pp.100-101
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• 2019

For buildings where a large number of the evacuees who are restricted to evacuation behavior compared to normal people, evacuation safety zones should be secured against fire. In order to form a safe haven safety zone, we are going to predict the performance of the building and describe the plan to secure a safe haven zone accordingly.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.27-42
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• 2019

It is not easy to evacuate when people face with emergency situation in deep underground space because space perception and synthetic judgement are readily lowered. In stead of evacuating safely outside within the given time, evacuation safety zone is required to be designed and installed. In this study, PATS (Pedestrian movement based Assessment Toolkit for Simulation) is applied to build a comprehensive and analytic framework for seeking the optimal (or proper) numbers and locations of evacuation safety zone. With two scenarios of emergency situation at intermodal transfer center with the 6 floor in underground, the problematic location on the evacuation path has been identified and the proper locations has been presented.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.196-205
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• 2016

Background: The emergency planning zone (EPZ) of the city of Busan is divided into the precautionary actions zone (PAZ) and the urgent protective action planning zone; which have a 5-km radius and a 20-km to 21-km radius from the nuclear power plant site, respectively. In this study, we assumed that a severe accident occurred at Shin-Kori nuclear unit 3 and evaluated the dispersion speed of radiological material at each distance at various wind speeds, and estimated the effective dose equivalent and the evacuation time of PAZ residents with the goal of supporting off-site emergency action planning for the nuclear site. Materials and Methods: The total effective dose equivalent, which shows the effect of released radioactive materials on the residents, was evaluated using the RASCAL 4.2 program. In addition, a survey of 1,036 residents was performed using a standardized questionnaire, and the resident evacuation time according to road and distance was analyzed using the VISSIM 6.0 program. Results and Discussion: According to the results obtained using the VISSIM and RASCAL programs, it would take approximately 80 to 252.2 minutes for permanent residents to move out of the PAZ boundary, 40 to 197.2 minutes for students, 60 to 232.2 minutes for the infirm, such as elderly people and those in a nursing home or hospital, and 30 to 182.2 minutes for those temporarily within the area. Consequently, in the event of any delay in the evacuation, it is estimated that the residents would be exposed to up to $10mSv{\cdot}h^{-1}$ of radiation at the Exclusion Area Boundaries (EAB) boundary and $4-6mSv{\cdot}h^{-1}$ at the PAZ boundary. Conclusion: It was shown that the evacuation time for the residents is adequate in light of the time lapse from the initial moment of a severe accident to the radiation release. However, in order to minimize the evacuation time, it is necessary to maintain a system of close collaboration to avoid traffic congestion and spontaneous evacuation attempts.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.44-48
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• 2004

The smoke and toxic gases generated from the building fires are proved to cause human death. Therefore, the necessity and significance of smoke control have been emphasized, and lots of studies for developing improved smoke management system have been carried out. In this study, the experiments were conducted to evaluated a function and performance in newly developed smoke management system using mechanical pressurization. As a result of this experiment, the differential pressure was 40Pa${\sim}$60Pa and the air velocity through the door was 0.7m/s between safety zone and fire zone. The functional pressure control equipment which could make proper pressure and maintain differential pressure between safety zone and fire zone was developed. And it will give a lot of helps to evacuation activity for peoples in building and fire fighting.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.71-78
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to analyze the social behavior, especially, the evacuation-related social behavior, of the transients in the radiological emergency planning zone(EPZ) of nuclear power plants. So, the meaning and kinds of the evacuation and the significance of the trip generation time(TGT) have been reviewed. The characteristics of the social behavior of the transient around Ulchin, Wolsong and Kori sites was analyzed through field surveys by using the questionnaire. The major findings of this research implications are as follows. First, for securing the safe evacuation, the alternatives to effectively provide the information on the evacuation warning may be prepared. Second, it is necessary to establish the education and training of transient's evacuation. Third, it is needed that the cause and background of the evacuation refusal are identified and the new response plan to secure transient's safety is prepared.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.243-247
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• 2020

In the era of the fourth industrial revolution, safety of disasters is being emphasized above all else, and electric fires are most frequent during disasters, and human and property damage is very serious. In this paper, we propose a study that can determine the efficiency of evacuation and non-evacuation guidance due to the large difference in casualties depending on the traffic line in the case of fire. Evacuation guidance was assumed to be a situation in which adequate evacuation routes were guided by a recorded voice or a trained staff, and non-evacuation guidance was assumed to be a situation without anything. Evacuation simulations were carried out using a evacuation simulation tool called PATHFINDER and SIMULEX for the analysis of the efficiency of evacuation and non-evacuation guidance. As a result, the evacuation time was similar, but in the case of non-evacuation guidance, it was not guided to the safe zone, which could cause serious damage.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2021.11a
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• pp.84-85
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• 2021

The fire that broke out in a residential and commercial complex in Ulsan in October 2020 was large, but no deaths occurred. For this reason, there was a difference from the previous cases, so it was analyzed through field survey. The fire was expanded to the entire building by aluminum composite panels constructed by external heat method and SMC panels in evacuation safety zones, and fire was expanded to nearby mart due to wind on the day of the fire, and there were many evacuation spaces such as 15th, 28th, and rooftop heliports.

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.83-92
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• 2013

IFC based open BIM has internationally developed as a solution for interoperability problem among different software applications. Despite much interest and effort, the open BIM technologies are rarely introduced to the construction industry and need more technical development for a practical application as well. This research aims to develop automated code checking modules for quality assurance process of BIM data. The research have analyzed domestic regulations focusing on super-tall buildings and developed open BIM-based code checking modules for the evacuation regulations. The modules are able to validate evacuation regulations such as installation of emergency elevator and fire safety zone. The authors expect to improve the process of BIM quality assurance and enhance the quality of BIM data by this research on automated checking system.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.336-343
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• 2009

Because ships are very isolated and independent objects when sailing on the ocean, if a fire and smoke occurs, nobody can be sure to escape safely from ship at the moment. On the focus of the relationship between the sight transmissivity by fire smoke density and the life safety, this study performs simulations and experiments, respectively. To evaluate the theoretical evacuation time, CFAST software which is known as a 2 zone model analysis tool is used, and the result is 54 seconds from ECR(Engine Control Room) exit to upper deck exit and 34 seconds from bosun store to upper deck exit. And totally 12 types of experiments are performed with other 10 persons per experiment. As the result, it is cleared that the low sight transmissivity leads to the low life safety and the obstruction which can be happen unexpectedly on the evacuation way on fire makes it worse. At the condition of the smoke density 0%, over 90% people arrive at upper deck exit safely. But with the transmissivity of 8%, 70%(from ECR) and 30%(from bosun store) among experiment persons of each can survive, and with same density and unexpected obstruction, the survival ratio goes down to only 20% and 10%.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2010.04a
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• pp.59-60
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• 2010

Unlike cases of fire on land where experienced fireman and various fire fighting equipment are present, onboard fires need to be independently extinguished, making it a complex process. The primal objective of getting quick control of a fire is to prevent casualties which generally occur from inhalation of toxic fumes rather than the fire itself. However, if for some inevitable reason the fire cannot be contained, everyone in that particular area must evacuate to avoid any possible casualties. In this research, through a simulation of the CFD, we will observe the soot density concentration which affects evacuation within an onboard fire in relation to the possible evacuation time to conclude a time zone for a safe exit.