• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.106-116
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• 2022

As part of the Fire Evacuation Service scenario using mobile applications, this study aims to find the appropriate colors to be used in the interface of the application and to define and apply colors that can positively and reliably affect human unstable psychology in the course of evacuating the room in case of fire. In the situation of fire, proper design and placement of the colored escape guidance interface is important, taking into account the psychology of the occupants. However, literature and previous research have shown that colors used to induce evacuation are not suitable for effective evacuation in case of fire. In this study, the purpose of the study was to provide a color that would provide psychological stability in the event of a evacuation in consideration of the psychological issues of those who are still in need of shelter, and to use it to help induce an efficient evacuation in the event of a disaster. Using the image evaluation method, the form and color of images have been derived through frequency analysis to a number of unspecified people, and the main and secondary colors of images were analyzed through KSCA color analysis. Finally, the final application color was constructed through mutual verification between the results by comparing and analyzing the colors obtained through the image evaluation analysis results and the KSCA color analysis results. The results of the study showed that the green line can help stabilize the human mind through comparative analysis with prior research. Therefore, the main color for guiding calm and calm applications in case of fire escape is proposed in the green line. In this study, the experiment with image evaluation cannot accurately measure the effect of factors on color among complex factors. A subsequent study of this will help quantify images if it allows the subject matter of color and image to be defined to some extent through factor analysis.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.239-244
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• 2013

To increase the safety of onboard evacuation of guests who is unfamiliar with onboard living conditions, this study measured and compared the onboard walking speeds of 81 participants on a passenger ship, I t were found that the walking speeds at corridor on navigation were slower than those at berth by 27.2%, and the speeds of walking on the corner on navigation were slower than those at berth by 23.2%. This means that the ship motion on navigation directly influenced walking speeds. The walking speeds of upward-stairs and downward-stairs were measured to be 0.71m/s and 0.75m/s, respectively. From the crowd counter-flow experiments, because of the narrow space between participants, the walking speeds were decreased as person after person. And it was clear that the group's walking speeds were determined by the walking speeds of leading person(s) of the group. The walking speeds obtained this study were different from those of IMO guideline(MSC/Circ 1033).

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.1-7
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• 2012

When the subway car stop on track, passengers have to overcome a height of 1.2 m from floor level of the subway car to the level of track for evacuation. In this experiments, participates in the group of twenties or under ages were rapidly jumping down from the subway car. However, Most elderly group were not easy to overcome the height without help of others and some of them were fell and injured. In case of merging flows, the flow rate of the group of twenties was lower than the other cases. If fire occurred in the train and train stopped in the tunnel, it will be needed a lot of total evacuation time because of the heigh difference and wall effect from subway car to outside.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.133-138
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• 2010

Recently, evacuation safety of a resident of building become the major concern, because building has been higher and more complicated. Buildings in Korea should install the natural smoke venting or mechanical smoke exhaust equipment according to the building law. The smoke control is the most important to guarantee the evacuation safety. This study evaluate the influence to the height and temperature of smoke layer by enlarging smoke vent size and operating sprinkler system using CFAST (Version 6). Smoke venting size is larger, the effect to height and temperature of smoke layer is increased in below 5 MW fire. But, the correlation of these is decreased in above 10 MW fire. The case that opened smoke vent and sprinklered are applied, life safety criteria are satisfied regardless of fire size. After design the fire scenario according to the service and size of building. Install the smoke vent suitable for the fire size and verify that by experiment or simulation.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.87-92
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• 2016

Amid the growing number of high-rise complex buildings in Korea, efficient smoke prevention technology in a fire is required and as an alternative of a mechanical smoke control system in high-rise buildings, the use of a smoke control system using sandwich pressurization has been on the rise. In such a system, the appropriate pressure difference and the data for designing the air supply and exhaust flow rate are necessary to prevent the spread of smoke and offer a tenable evacuation environment. As part of such effort, this paper presents a field test process and result after testing a building where such a smoke control system using sandwich pressurization has been installed. A ventilation rate of 6 cycles per hour were applied to simulate the air exhaust flow rate on a fire floor and the air supply flow rate on the floors above and below the fire floor. As a result of the system operation, pressure difference of approximately 260 Pa between the 12th floor of a fire and the 13th floor was generated. The over pressure of the experiment has a serious effect on the evacuation or fire compartment so that it is necessary to examine the improvement.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.36-41
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• 2017

In this study, the experimental measurements from a one-way moving experiment showed that the average movement speed was 0.55 m/s with an average crowd density of $2.36P/m^2$ in a corridor. The cCalculation result of the correlations between the crowd density and movement speed from the SFPE Handbook showed an average of 0.53 m/s. The difference between the calculation and experiment was 0.02 m/s. A comparison of each data set showed that the maximum difference was 0.38 m/s. Some experimental results showed that the crowd density increased with increasing movement speed and the average data from the entire experiment time was used for the analysis. When the short time interval for frame by frame analysis for video files was conducted, the experimental data was expected to be more reliable.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.30-37
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• 1991

Steam ejector systems are widely used for the evacuation systems because of their high working confidence and simlicity. And recently these are used as the thermo-compressors in various energy saving systems. In this practical experiment, we have obtained the results as follows : (1) The velocity coefficient of the motive steam nozzle was 0.92-0.98. (2) The optimal area ratio was 0.00625 at pressure ratio 5.2 and expansion ratio 101.3. (3) The performance and efficiency of the steam ejector were mainly affected by the axial position of nozzle. (4) The good performance of the domestic manufactured steam ejector was confirmed in comparison with the foreign one. And by experimental results, we have carried out the improvement of Computer Aided Design Program of steam ejector which will be helpful for systematic research into the steam ejector.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.19 no.3 s.59
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• pp.28-36
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• 2005

The goal of this study is establishment of egress parameters and algorithm for estimation of total egress time in hospitals. Therefore, egress parameters should be measured and analyzed via the experiment at many hospitals. In this study, 4 general hospitals were experimented and egress parameters were measured, the comparison between experimental results and estimated total egress time were carried out. The algorithm for estimation of total egress time can be applied to other hospitals.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.07a
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• pp.255-258
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• 2005

In this study, new types of counter electrode discharge cells for PDP were designed. The counter electrode discharge cells were designed to realize long-gap discharge mode, low firing voltage and moderate conductance for evacuation and sealing process of the panel. In order to test the concept of the design, macro discharge cells were prepared and the discharge characteristics were evaluated. The results indicate that discharge behavior may be modified significantly by changing the morphology of discharge cells.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.394-398
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• 2016

In this paper, a fire detection system based on quantitative risk estimation is presented. Multiple sensors are used to build a comprehensive indicator that represents the risk of fire quantitatively. The proposed fire risk estimation method consists of two stages which determines the occurrence of fire and estimates the toxicity of the surveillance area. In the first stage, fire is reliably detected under diverse fire scenarios. The risk of fire is estimated in the second stage. Applying Purser's Fractional Effective Dose (FED) model which quantitates harmfulness of toxic gases, the risk of the surveillance area and evacuation time are calculated. A fire experiment conducted using four different types of combustion materials for the verification of the system resulted in a maximum error rate of 12.5%. By using FED calculation and risk estimation methods, the proposed system can detect various signs of fire faster than conventional systems.