• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.1339-1346
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• 2024

Electrorefining in molten salts is used for purifying actinides. Optimizing electrorefining is key to minimizing processing time and radiological waste. One possible way of improving electrorefining efficiency is using an AC superimposed DC waveform. This waveform has demonstrated potential benefits in aqueous solutions but has never been utilized in a molten metal, molten salt application. This work investigates the effects of using an AC superimposed DC waveform on molten bismuth electrorefining in a molten LiCl-KCl-CaCl2 eutectic. Bismuth has been identified as a potential surrogate for plutonium electrorefining and a potential cathode in electrorefining used nuclear fuel (UNF). All electrorefining runs resulted in a high purity cathode ring and high yield with exception of the run using a low-frequency, high-amplitude superimposed AC waveform, which experienced some contamination and a lower yield. The other three AC superimposed DC runs experienced an average yield 6.7 % higher than the average yield of the DC runs. The electrorefining run using the high-frequency, high-amplitude superimposed AC signal had the highest yield. It is recommended in future studies to investigate the statistical variability of electrorefining yield and current efficiency and the impact of AC superimposed DC waveforms on solidified bismuth anodes.

• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.274-284
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• 1994

SiC fibers were coated with Cu, Ag and Ni metallic thin films by magnetron sputtering in order to improve wetting properties between Al matrix and SiC fiber. The wetting behavior of metal coated SiC fiber by pure Al has been studied at $670^{\circ}C{\sim}900^{\circ}C$ range for $10{\sim}90min$. under vacuum atmosphere. Besides, the effect of coated film thickness on the wettability has been investigated. The wetting behavior and interfacial reaction between Al and SiC fibers were analysed with optical microscope and SEM (scanning electron microscope). The wetting behavior of the as-received SiC fiber with Al melt was not uniform, indicated by the contact angles from less than $90^{\circ} to more Al melt was appeared in the initial stage of reation. It was considered that the metallic thin film played an important role in reducing the interfacial free energy and breaking down the aluminum oxide film by eutectic reaction with Al melt. However the wettability of Ni coated SiC fiber was not improved as much as that of Cu or Ag coated SiC fiber. The improvement of wettability by coating thickness is clearly showed in $1{\mu}m$ coated SiC fiber compared with $0.25{\mu}m$ coated SiC.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.12-16
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• 1999

Denaturation of actomyosin from the obliquely striated mantle muscle of squids (Todarodes pacificus) was studied by measuring the changes in $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase activity, relative viscosity, and solubility during frozen storage at three different temperature zones of maximum ice crystal formation $(-3^{\circ}C,\;-\;-5^{\circ}C)$, the eutectic point $(-11^{\circ}C)$, and $-20^{\circ}C$. The logarithms of $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase activity, relative viscosity and solubility of the actomyosin solutions (0.6 M KCl) and suspensions (0.05 M KCl) tended to decrease during frozen storage. The denaturation of squid actomyosin at the zone of maximum ice crystal formation significantly differed by only two degree of temperature difference between $-3^{\circ}C$ and $-5^{\circ}C$, and it (0.05 M KCl) at $-3^{\circ}C$ was less than those of other temperature. The denaturation at $-11^{\circ}C$ was more rapid than at $-5^{\circ}C$. The logarithms of $Ca^{2+}$ -ATPase activity, relative viscosity, and solubility were changed slower in the suspensions (0.05 M KCl) than the solutions (0.6 M KCl) at all experimental temperatures.

• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.323-329
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• 2000

The HSS consists of hard carbide and matrix of martensite, and so its characteristics of wear resistance, fracture resistance, and surface roughness are good. This study was undertaken to investigate the influence of Nb and V and manufacturing conditions on microstructural behaviors and characteristics in the HSS cylindrical specimens(90 $mm^{O.D.}$ ${\times}$ 60 $mm^{I.D.}$ ${\times}$ 50 $mm^H$) manufactured using VCC(Vertical Centrifugal Casting). In the specimen of Fe-2C-6Cr-1.5W-3Mo-4V alloy, the amount of MC carbide was increased and $M_7C_3$ carbide was decreased with the increase of V and Nb contents. The primary VC carbide was formed and followed by the rod-type eutectic MC carbide was formed in the cell boundary in 9%V added specimen. MC carbide was increased, and $M_7C_3$ carbide was decreased with the addition of Nb content. In the specimen containing more than 3%Nb, primary NbC carbide was formed within the cell of matrix. With increase in rpm, cell and carbides became fine, and amount of carbide $M_7C_3$ was decreased due to increase in cooling rate.

• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.431-438
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• 1998

Microstructure of A356 aluminum alloys cast in the permanent mold was investigated by optical microscope and image analyzer, with particular respect to the shape and size distribution of iron intermetallics known as ${\beta}-phase$ ($Al_5FeSi$). Morphologies of the ${\beta}-phase$ was found to change gradually with the Be:Fe ratio like these. In Be-free alloys, ${\beta}-phase$ with needlelike morphology was well developed, but script phase was appeared when the Be:Fe ratio is above 0.2:1. With the Be:Fe ratios of 0.4:1-1:1, script phase as well as Be-rich phase was also observed. In case of higher Be addition, above 1:1, Be-rich phase was observed on all regions of the specimens, and increasing of the Be:Fe ratios gradually make the Be-rich phase coarse. It was also observed that the ${\beta}-phase$ with needlelike morphology was coarsened with increase of the Fe content in Be-free alloys. However, in Be-added alloys, length and number of these ${\beta}-phases$ were considerably decreased with the increased Be:Fe ratio. Beryllium addition improved tensile properties and impact toughness of the A356 aluminium alloy, due to the formation of a script phase or a Be-rich phase instead of a needlelike ${\beta}-phase$. The DSC tests indicated that the presence of Be could increase the amount of Mg which is available for $Mg_2Si$ precipitate hardening, and enhance the precipitation kinetics by lowering the ternary eutectic temperature.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2009년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.464-466
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• 2009

This study tried to examine the suitability of strip casting process such as PFC (Planar Flow Casting) method for soldering Au-Sn strip. The effect of heat treatment on the tensile behavior and mechanical properties of an Au-Sn strip was investigated through tensile test, micro hardness test, X-ray diffraction (XRD), SEM, and TEM observations. It was apparent that 20-mm width Au-Sn strip could be well produced by using planar flow casting process. Tensile results showed that tensile strength increased from 338.3MPa to 310MPa and plastic strain improved from 0% to 1.5% with heat treatment ($170^{\circ}C$/70 hrs.). The microstructure of Au-Sn strip mainly consisted of two phases; $Au_5Sn(\zeta)$ and AuSn($\sigma$). It was also found that inhomogeneous amorphous local structure continuously changed to the homogeneous two phases microstructure with heat treatment. The fractographical observation after tensile test indicated the cleavage fracture mode of as-casted Au-Sn strip. On the other hand, the heat treated Au-Sn strip showed that fracture propagated along interface between brittle AuSn and ductile $Au_5Sn$ phases. The deformation behavior of strip casted Au-Sn alloy with microstructural evolution and the improve method for ductility of this alloy was also suggested.

• 대한기계학회논문집 C: 기술과 교육
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.257-264
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• 2015

원자력 발전이 중요한 에너지 공급역할을 담당하기 위해서는 안전성을 확보하고, 사용 후 핵연료 문제를 해결하여야 한다. 이와 같은 문제를 해결하기 위한 방안으로 소듐이나 납비스무스 공융합금 등과 같은 액체금속을 냉각재로 이용하는 방안이 연구되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 액체금속 유동모사 실증 설비 개발을 위한 설계변수 검토, 설계 해석, 구조재의 선정 및 설비 개발 결과를 서술하였다. 설비의 개발은 열수력 해석코드의 해석을 통해 수행되었고 충분한 자연순환 유량을 갖는 설비제작 기술을 확보하였다.

• Advances in materials Research
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.55-66
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• 2016

This paper describes a study on the effects of $Mg_2Si_{(p)}$ addition on the microstructure, porosity, and mechanical properties namely hardness and tensile properties of AA332 composite. Each composite respectively contains 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt% reinforcement particles developed by a stir-casting. The molten composite was stirred at 600 rpm and melted at $900^{\circ}C{\pm}5^{\circ}C$. The $Mg_2Si$ particles were wrapped in an aluminum foil to keep them from burning when melting. The findings revealed that the microstructure of $Mg_2Si_{(p)}/AA332$ consists of ${\alpha}$-Al, binary eutectic ($Al+Mg_2Si$), $Mg_2Si$ particles, and intermetallic compound. The intermetallic compound was identified as Fe-rich and Cu-rich, formed as polygonal or blocky, Chinese script, needle-like, and polyhendrons or "skeleton like". The porosity of $Mg_2Si_{(p)}/AA332$ composite increased from 8-10% and the density decreased from 9-12% from as-cast. Mechanical properties such as hardness increased for over 42% from as-cast and the highest UTS, elongation, and maximum Q.I were achieved in the sample of 10% $Mg_2Si$. The study concludes that combined with AA332, the amount of 10 wt% of$Mg_2Si$ is a suitable reinforcement quantity with the combination ofAA332.

• 공업화학
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.603-609
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• 2010

수첨 인지질의 하나인 distearoylphosphatidylcholin (DSPC)을 주로 하면서 피부보습에 도움을 주는 용매인 glycerin (GLY)에 의해 팽윤되어 형성된 라멜라 액정상 구조에 피부장벽을 구성하는 지질 중 하나로서 ceramide 3 (CER3)이 함께 배향될 때 나타나는 함량 의존적 거동을 DSC, XRDs, PM 및 Cryo-SEM에 의해 고찰하였다. CER3은 매우 결정성이 높지만, DSPC와의 구조적인 유사성을 가지고 있어 DSPC 20.0 wt% 함량대비 7.0 wt%까지는 탈리 없이 배향되지만, 그 이상을 배향시킬 경우 CER3이 액정 내에서 탈리되어 자체로 GLY에 팽윤되어 또 다른 액정상을 형성하는 것을 XRD의 특성피크 발현과 DSC의 공융점 거동을 통해 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 CER3이 액정 내에 배향되면서 DSPC만으로 이루어진 액정에서 보이는 SPP패턴뿐만 아니라, 피부 각질층에서 주로 나타나는 LPP패턴도 SAXD분석을 통해 확인되어, CER3을 적용시 인간피부와 보다 흡사한 액정구조를 형성함을 확인하였다. Cryo-SEM을 이용하여 DSPC만으로 이루어진 액정과 여기에 CER3이 도입된 액정을 비교한 결과, CER3은 액정의 구조를 보다 두텁고, 견고하게 함을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.97-102
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• 2012

The microstructure and tensile properties of Al-Mn/Al-Si hybrid aluminum alloys prepared by electromagnetic duocasting were investigated. Only the Al-Mn alloy showed the typical cast microstructure of columnar and equiaxed crystals. The primary dendrites and eutectic structure were clearly observed in the Al-Si alloy. There existed a macro-interface of Al-Mn/Al-Si alloys in the hybrid aluminum alloys. The macro-interface was well bonded, and the growth of primary dendrites in Al-Si alloy occurred from the macro-interface. The Al-Mn/Al-Si hybrid aluminum alloys with a well-bonded macro-interface showed excellent tensile strength and 0.2% proof stress, both of which are comparable to those values for binary Al-Mn alloy, indicating that the strength is preferentially dominated by the deformation of the Al-Mn alloy side. However, the degree of elongation was between that of binary Al-Mn and Al-Si alloys. The Al-Mn/Al-Si hybrid aluminum alloys were fractured on the Al-Mn alloy side. This was considered to have resulted from the limited deformation in the Al-Mn alloy side, which led to relatively low elongation compared to the binary Al-Mn alloy.