• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.523-529
• /
• 2015

Objectives: Oropharynx tumors(oral cancer), are caused by tobacco, alcohol consumption, and high-risk human papillomavirus(HPV) infection. Oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC) is the most common type of oral cancer and frequently arises from the mucosa of the oropharynx and oral cavity. Despite advances in the diagnosis and treatment(chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery) of oral cancer, over the past two decades, the overall survival rates remains at about 60%. Methods: We pretreated HSC-2 cells with various doses of exposed the cells to eugenol and then we measured cell viability by MTT assay. Results: Cell proliferation was markedly inhibited after eugenol treatment compared to the control. The majority of HSC-2 cells in the control groups showed normal morphology with round regular nuclei. In contrast, apoptotic bodies were seen in the 0.5 mM, 1 mM, 2 mM group. However, the pretreatment with eugenol increased HSC-2 cells apoptosis according to dose-dependency. PI staining quantitatively confirmed the anti-apoptotic effects of propofol. The expression levels of cleaved caspase 3, and Bak significantly increased in HSC-2 cells. Conclusions: These findings indicate that eugenol could be a potential anti-cancer agent for human OSCC and provide valuable data for the development of a novel anticancer strategy.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.740-747
• /
• 2014

Antifungal properties of clove(Eugenia caryophyllata) against food spoilage microorganism, Penicillium rugullosum IFO 4683 was investigated. Antifungal activity of the essential oil was as equivalent as potassium metabisulfite and myconazole. The clove extracts was fractionated to hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol and water fraction. Hexane fraction showed the highest inhibitory effect on the Penicillium rugullosum IFO 4683. Hexane fraction was further fractionated by silica gel column chromatography and thin layer chromatography(TLC). The antifungal compound was isolated from their fractions and their chemical structures were identified as eugenol, eugenol acetate and chavicol by EI-MS, $^1H$-NMR and $^{13}C$-NMR.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.33 no.2
• /
• pp.147-153
• /
• 1990

To investigate the effect of spice oils on the nitrite role in processed meat products, eight spice oils, ascorbic acid, and nitrite at different combinations were added to marcerated pork, and cooked at $70^{\circ}C$ lot 30min or $121^{\circ}C$ for 15min. The cooked sample were stored at $5.5^{\circ}C$ for 12days and pH, residual nitrite, redness, TBA value, and antimicrobial activity were analyzed. pH of the uncooked samples were stable at $5.6{\sim}5.8$ except in samples with nitrite alone, anise, ascorbic acid, and black pepper in which pH increased to $6.7{\sim}7.8$ after 5 days of storage. The pH of the cooked samples were stable at $5.9{\sim}6.1$ during the storage. Residual nitrite decreased rapidly on the first day of storage in each model. Residual nitrite decreased rapidly on the first day of storage in each model. The nitrite reducing effect was greatest in sample with ascorbic acid, followed by clove eugenol and thyme, but was small with peppermint. The redness of the sample was increased with ascorbic acid, colve, eugenol, thyme, anise, black pepper, coriander and rosemary except peppermint, specially samples with ascorbic acid, clove and eugenol were prominent. The TBA values of the samples with cloves, eugenol and ascorbic acid, stored after nine days, were $4{\sim}6.5$ lower than that of nitrite added sample and indicated strong antioxidant activity. The antimicrobial activity determined by inhibition zone, was strong in samples with clove, eugenol, peppermint, thyme, coriander, black pepper, rosemary and anise had antimicrobial activity to the Penicillium sp. Specially with clove, eugenol, peppermint and thyme, while all the samples showed $7{\sim}10mm$ inhibition zone to the Salmonella sp. The above results suggest that addition of eugenol, clove and thyme oil to the processed meat may increased the antioxidant, antimicrobial activity, and redness of the product so that could provide a way of reducing nitrite addition into meat products.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.35 no.3
• /
• pp.191-201
• /
• 2016

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial effects of the ethanol extracts from various medicinal herbs against plant pathogens to understand the possible the crop protection agents.METHODS AND RESULTS: Among the tested medicinal herbs, Zizyphus jujuba ethanol extract had the potent antimicrobial activity against Phytophthora capsici, Erwinia carotovorum subsp. carotovora, Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae and Ralstonia solanacearum. The major constituents of Z. jujuba were identified to eugenol(40.45%), dodecanoic acid(18.40%), β-caryophyllene (10.05%) and isoeugenol(9.85%) by GC/MS. Eugenol and isoeugenol had strong inhibitory activity on spore germination against P. capsici and growth against E. carotovorum subsp. carotovora, P. syringae pv. syringae and R. solanacearum.CONCLUSION: In this regard, eugenol and isoeugenol were found to be responsible for the antimicrobial activity of Z. jujuba ethanol extract against plant pathogens. In addition, Z. jujuba ethanol extract, eugenol and isoeugenol can be used the potent antimicrobial agents.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.36 no.3
• /
• pp.398-402
• /
• 2004

Safrolechitosan (SaCs) and eugenolchitosan (EuCs) were synthesized and characterized to increase water solubility and functionality of chitosan. Product impurities were removed by Soxhlet apparatus using methanol to obtain final product with high purity. Using Ubbelohde viscometer, molecular weights of chitosan, EuCs, and SaCs were determined as $1.2{\times}10^{5}\;Da,\;7.8{\times}10^{5},\;and\;7.5{\times}10^{5}\;Da,\;respectively$. IR spectrum of SaCs revealed chemical shift of amide II band ($1,553cm^{-1}$) of chitosan grafted by safrole caused by generation of covalent bond between primary amino of chitosan and double bond of safrole. Due to graft reaction of safrole onto chitosan, vinyl bands ($1,611\;and\;1,442cm^{-1}$) of safrole disappeared. In graft reaction of eugenol onto chitosan, shift of amide II band ($1,553cm^{-1}$) and disappearance of vinyl band were observed. On $^{1}H-NMR$ spectrum of EuCs, $H_{2}C=CH-$ peak in eugenol (monomer) disappeared, whereas $-H_{2}C-CH_{2}-$ peak appeared. Above results indicate safrole and eugenol were successfully grafted onto chitosan.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
• /
• v.5
• /
• pp.173-184
• /
• 1987

Anethole, eugenol, isoeugenol, safrole and isosafrole are ingredients of refined oils which are obtained from some plants and their chemical structures are very similar. They are mainly used as a flavoring agent, food additive, dental analgesics and for many drugs. But, there is no report about their effect on the intestinal motility. The result of examining the effect, potency and mode of action of anethole, eugenol, isoeugenol, safrole and isosafrole on motility of isolated rabbit jejunum segment, are as follows : 1. Single administration of anethole, eugenol, isoeugenol, safrole and isosafrole showed the inhibition of motility of isolated rabbit jejunum segment, degree of which was various. The $pD_2$ values of isoeugenol, isosafrole, eugenol, safrole and anethole in isolated rabbit jejunum segment were 4.22, 4.18, 4.17, 4.15 and 3.82 (in the descending order of potency). 2. The contracted rabbit jejunum segment : by carbachol, pilocarpine, barium chloride and histarmine were relaxed by five essential oil. 3. The relaxed rabbit jejunum segment by anethole was not recovered by carbachol, pilocarpine, barium chloride and histamine. The relaxed rabbit jejunum segment by eugenol, isoeugenol, safrole and isosafrole were recovered by carbachol, pilocarpine and barium chloride but partially recovered by histamine. 4. Judging from the facts above, it is thought that five essential oil are inhibit the motility of isolated rabbit jejunum segment by neurotropic and musculotropic action.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.661-670
• /
• 1994

It is well known that the application of dressings after periodontal surgery have benefits to provide the comforts to patient and to promote the healing process with action of bleeding control and temporary stabilization for the operated mobile teeth. But until recently the relationship between periodontal dressings and cells which are composed of periodontium has not been clear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of soluble extracts from the four different kinds of periodontal dressings, two of them were eugenol type (K.H.pack, Wondrpak) and the others were non-eugenol type (Coe-pak, Periocare), on the human gingival fibroblasts in vitro. Human gingival fibroblasts were primarily cultured from gingiva around third molar during the extraction for preventive purposes. Extracts solution were prepared with culture medium by means of imersing the consistent size of periodontal dressing made from plastic mold. Cell were inoculated into the 24 well plate with $3\;{\times}\;10^4\;cells/well$ of medium at $37\;^{\circ}C$, 100% of humidity, 5% of $CO_2$, incubator for 24 hours. After discard of the supernatant of medium, those cells were cultured with original, 1/2, 1/5, 1/10 diluted soluble extract for 24, 48 and 72 hours, and counted the number of cells using the hemocytometer at each designed time and concentration. Also, the cytotoxic effect of soluble extract was measured by Wataha's MTT assay method. In briefly, cells were inoculated and cultured into 96 well culture plate with $2\;{\times}\;10^4\;cells/well$ for 24 hours. Soluble extracts were applied to cultured cells and incubated for 48 hours at same condition. $50\;{\mu}l$ of MTT solution and DMSO were added into each well for the detection of absorbance with ELISA reader. The measured data were calculated by value of colorimetric assay for survival rate. The results were as follows ; In the case of eugenol type of dressing, original, 1/2 and 1/5 diluted extracts of K.H.pack showed very low survival rate. And original extract of Wondrpak showed strong cytotoxic effect and 1/2 diluted extract showed moderate cytotoxic effect. In the case of Non-eugenol type of dressings, only original extract of Coe-pak revealed strong cytotoxic effect and Periocare had little cytotoxic effect. It is concluded that eugenol type of dressings showed more cytotoxic effect than non-eugenol types. This study suggest that use of non-eugenol dressings after periodontal surgery is recommended.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.48 no.1
• /
• pp.9-16
• /
• 2008

A method for the quantification of eugenol in the medicinal herb Clove was developed and validated. For preparation of sample solutions clove was dried at $60^{\circ}C$ for 2h and ground by mixer and extracted with 95% ethanol for shaking extraction. The elutes were analyzed by HPLC system included a reversed phase column, a isocratic mobile phase of 60% methanol and PDA detector set at 280 nm. Calibration graphs were linear with very good correlation coefficients ($r^2>0.9999$) from $0.0125~1{\mu}g/ml$. The limit of detection per sample injection ($20{\mu}l$) was $0.81ng/{\mu}l$ and limit of quantification was $2.47ng/{\mu}l$. The method showed good intra-day precision (%RSD 0.08 ~ 0.27%) and inter-day precision (%RSD 0.32 ~ 1.19%).

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.118-125
• /
• 1991

Eighty - eight recently extracted teeth were used to evaluate the leakage characteristics of the following retrofilling materials; amalgam, zinc oxide eugenol cement, glass - ionomer cement, and cermet glass - ionomer cement. Root canals were prepared with step - back method and obturated with gutta percha and zinc oxide eugenol sealer. Root apex were resected 2 mm from apex and class I cavities were prepared with 2 mm or 4 mm depth. The cavities were filled with above materials. After application of varnish on all surface except resected surface, the roots were placed in 1 % methylene blue solution for 6 days. After longitudinal polishing to expose cental parts of filled materials, penetrated depths of dye were measured. The results were as follws. 1. As retrofilling material, glass ionomer cement filling groups showed less leakage than the other groups except zinc oxide eugenol cement filling group(p<0.01). 2. Amalgam filling groups had greater leakage than zinc oxide eugenol cement filling group(p<0.01). 3. 4 mm depth of retrofilled cavity had no effect on leakage characteristics compared with 2 mm depth cavity(p>0.05). 4. Glass ionomer cement and cermet glass ionomer cement filling groups showed less apical leakage than amalgam filling groups. But there was no statistical significance(p>0.05). 5. There was no difference in apical leakage between glass ionomer cement filling groups and cermet glass ionomer cement filling groups(p>0.05).

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.631-634
• /
• 2004

The oils of Acorus gramineus, Cinnamomum sieboldii, Eugenia aromatica, and Inula helenium were tested for their acaricidal activity against Dermatophagoides farinae and D. pteronyssinus. Responses varied according to dose and mite species. As compared to the oils, the oil most toxic to D. farinae and D. pteronyssinus was E. aromatica, followed by C. sieboldii, A. gramineus, and I. helenium. On the basis of $LD_{50}$ values of the oils in A. gramineus, C. sieboldii, and E. aromatica, the compound most toxic against D. farinae and D. pteronyssinus was eugenol congeners (isoeugenol>eugenol>acetyleugenol) followed by benzyl benzoate, salicylaldehyde, safro1, DEET, cinnamyl alcohol, and 3-carene. As a naturally occurring acaricide, these oils and eugenol congeners could be useful as new acaricidal agents against Dermatophagoides spp.