• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.356.1-356.1
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• 2002

The carbocyclic nucleosides have extensively studied as a promising antiviral agents having chemical and metabolical stability. In our research program for discovery of antiviral drugs. some novel dimethylcyclopropyl nucleosides possessing additional methyl spacer between purine bases and the ring was synthesized. The important intermediate, dimethylcyclopropyl alcohol was synthesized from ethyl chrysanthemate via its ozonolysis, isomerization reduction. (omitted)

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.704-711
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• 2017

Korea, which has a high dependency on energy imports, is greatly affected by fluctuations in international oil prices. In order to offset these effects, various policies such as 'diversification of energy sources' and 'energy mix' are being pursued. Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) is a policy promoted for this purpose, and a compulsory mixing system is applied only to the diesel. In order to reduce dependence on fossil fuels in various countries, they are concentrating on the dissemination of bio-alcohol as well as bio-diesel, and commercialization through various verification. In this study, evaluation of domestic materials and vehicles was carried out to promote domestic bio alcohol fuel. We analyzed the fuel characteristics of domestic quality standard items by mixing them with gasoline of automobile at a certain mixing ratio (0%, 3%, 6%, and 10%).

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.203-209
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• 2013

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the physicochemical and microbial properties of the Korean traditional rice wine Makgeolli, supplemented with banana during 6 day fermentation. The alcohol contents of the control and banana Makgeolli were 17.0 and 16.5%, respectively. The pH values decreased while total acidity, total soluble solids, and color values increased throughout the fermentation process. An increase in microorganism counts throughout the 6-day fermentation period was noted in all samples. The major free sugar and organic acid detected in all samples were glucose and succinic acid, respectively. There were 39 volatile compounds detected in the control and banana Makgeolli. The major ester detected was ethyl acetate (20.037 and 22.604% for the control and banana Makgeolli, respectively). The major alcohol compounds detected were 3-methylbutanol (20.933%) and 3-methyl-1-butanol (34.325%) in the control. 2-mtehyl-1-propanol (22.289%) and 3-methyl-1-butanol (39.851%) were the highest alcohol compounds detected in the banana Makgeolli.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.63 no.1
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• pp.29-36
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• 2019

A potentially tetradentate Schiff base ligand, 2-((2-((pyridin-2-ylmethylene)amino)ethyl)amino)ethan-1-ol (PMAE), and its cadmium(II) complex, [$Cd(PMAE)I_2$] (1), were prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, Raman, $^1H$ and $^{13}C$ NMR spectroscopies and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. In the crystal structure of 1, the cadmium atom has a slightly distorted square-pyramidal geometry and a $CdN_3I_2$ environment in which the PMAE acts as an $N_3$-donor. In the crystal packing of the complex, the alcohol and amine groups of the coordinated ligands participate in hydrogen bonding with iodide ions and form $R^2{_2}(14)$ and $R^2{_2}(8)$ hydrogen bond motifs, respectively. In addition to the hydrogen bonds, the crystal network is stabilized by ${\pi}-{\pi}$ stacking interactions between pyridine rings. The thermodynamic stability of the isolated ligand and its cadmium complex along with their charge distribution patterns were studied by DFT and NBO analysis.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.277-282
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• 2006

For searching the natural herbicide-components, the seed germination and seedling growth of receptor plant species (Brassica campestris, Sesamum indicum, Perilla frutescens and Echinochloa crus-galli) were investigated in four solvent-extracts extracted from Coptis chinensis Franch. The seed germination of receptor plant species was largely inhibited in 2,000 ppm of ethyl acetate compared to the control, and it was inhibited in order of P. frutescens, B. campestris, E. crux-galli, and S. indicum. In seedling growth, the shoot and root elongations of receptor plant species were inhibited in order of S. indicum, P. frutescens, B. campostris, and E. crus-galli. Root elongation was remarkably reduced in order of $H_2O$, butyl alcohol, and hexane, ethyl acetate extracts. Of four receptor plant species, seed germination and seedling growth of B. campestris and S. indicum showed the species-specific reaction to the solvent-extracts extracted from C. chinemis. $H_2O$ extract had a natural herbicide potential to the seed germination or root elongation in B. campestris and S. indicum. The result can be provided a basic data f3r the development of natural herbicide.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.491-499
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• 2017

This study analyzed the physicochemical characteristics and sensory properties of makgeolli. Fifteen samples of 4 award winning makgeolli and 11 samples of non-award winning makgeolli in a Korea liquors contest were examined. Physicochemical analysis revealed a significant differences in the alcohol content, reducing sugar concentration, color difference, and volatile compounds between the award winning and non-award winning makgeolli (p<0.05). The award winning makgeolli was related to the high contents of alcohol and reducing sugar, bright color, and low contents of ethyl myristate. A total of 24 terms (appearance 2, odor 10, flavor and taste 8, and texture 4) were expressed in terms of makgeolli. Regarding the sensory property, the sweet, raspberry, pear, and yogurt smell were positively related to the award winning makgeolli. In addition, nuruk, savory smell, and savory flavor were positively related to the non-award winning makgeolli. A study of association between the volatile compounds and odor attribute revealed ethyl lactate to have a positive correlation with the raspberry smell (r=0.840) and pear smell (r=0.723) in the award winning makgeolli (p<0.01). The characteristics of makgeolli preferred by consumers are strongly related to the sweet taste and smell, bright color, and fruit flavor.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.977-988
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• 2016

The volatile flavor compounds in five Jeju citrus fruit varieties (Cheonhyehyang, Hallabong, Jinjihyang, Hwanggeum hyang and Redhyang) were extracted by simultaneous distillation-extraction (SDE) using solvent mixture of n-pentane and diethyl ether (1:1, v/v) and analyzed by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The number of aroma compounds were identified with : 104 (4,939.77 mg/kg) in Cheonhyehyang, 98 (3,286.38 mg/kg) in Hallabong, 105 (3,317.56 mg/kg) in Jinjihyang, 102 (4,293.39 mg/kg) in Hwanggeumhyang, and 108 (4,049.94 mg/kg) in Redhyang. The detected main volatile compounds were; limonene, sabinene, ${\beta}$-myrcene, ${\alpha}$-pinene, ${\beta}$-pinene, linalool, 4-terpineol, ${\alpha}$-terpineol, (E)-${\beta}$-ocimene and ${\gamma}$-terpinene. Among the identified volatiles compounds, ethyl-benzene, nonanol, 1-p-menthen-9-al, (E)-isocarveol, methyl salicylate, ${\alpha}$-terpinen-7-al, perilla alcohol, and ethyl-dodecanoate were detected in Cheonhyehyang. only Furthermore, ${\beta}$-chamigrene and ${\alpha}$-selinene were in Hallabong only; 3-hydroxybutanal, (E)-2-nonenal, isoborneol, octyl acetate, (E)-2-undecenal, ${\beta}$-ylangene and guaia-6,9-diene in Jinjihyang. ${\rho}$-Cymenene, ${\beta}$-thujone, selina-4,11-diene and (E,E)-2,6-farnesol in Hwanggeumhyang only; and ${\rho}$-cymen-8-ol, bornyl acetate, carvacrol, bicycloelemene, ${\alpha}$-cubebene and 7-epi-${\alpha}$-selinene in Redhyang only. This study confirmed the differences in composition and content of volatile aroma components in five varieties of Jeju citrus fruits.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.80-86
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• 2002

Volatile compounds in three different kinds of crude vinegars obtained from oak (Quercus serrata), bamboo (phyllostachys) and pine (Pinus densiflora) species were analyzed by the solid-phase microextraction (SPME) method. A total of 264 peaks were detected on the chromatograms obtained from the polar (CBP 20) and the nonpolar (CBP 1) columns, which were used for analyzing the volatile compounds in these vinegars. The major volatile compounds identified by using the polar column were 2-butanone, acetic acid, guaiacol, phenol, cresols, 4-ethyl guaiacol, 4-ethyl phenol, and syringol. Using the nonpolar column, seven compounds could be identified: 1,2-dimethoxybenzyl alcohol, 1-hydroxy-2-butanone, 1-(2-furanyl)-1-propane, ethisolide, furfuryl acetate, 1,2-dimethoxybenzene, phenyl acetate. The volatile compounds were classified into five groups: phenols, neutral compounds, organic acids, esters and others. The phenols were the main component and comprised 49~65% of the volatile compounds of these vinegars. In the case of bamboo vinegar, the proportion of the phenols in the volatile compounds was lower than that of the two wood vinegars. However, the proportions of the neutral compounds and the organic acids were higher than those of the wood vinegars. Therefore, it seems that these differences of the proportions of the volatile compounds would make a certain difference of a smoke flavor between the bamboo vinegar and the wood vinegars.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.1333-1336
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to characterize the aromas of rose tea and rosehip tea. Aroma compounds were extracted by simultaneous distillation and extraction method using a Likens and Nickerson's extraction apparatus. The concentrated aroma extracts were analyzed and identified by GC and GC-MS. Thirty-eight compounds, including phenylethyl alcohol, citronellol, menthol, menthone, linalool and geraniol, were isolated and identified in rose tea. Thirty-six compounds, including menthol, $\alpha$-anethole, $\alpha$-terpinolene, menthone, linalool and 6-methyl-5-heptene-2-one, were isolated and identified in rosehip tea. Large amounts of phenyl ethyl alcohol and citronellol were found in rose tea, while large amounts of menthol and $\alpha$-anethole were found in rosehip tea.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.1031-1038
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• 2012

Background: Turmeric ($Curcuma$ $longa$) has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antitumor properties. However, despite the progress in research with $C.$ $longa$, there is still a big lacuna in the information on the active principles and their molecular targets. More particularly very little is known about the role of cell cycle genes $p57^{kip2}$ and Rad9 during chemoprevention by turmeric and its derivatives especially in prostate cancer cell lines. Methods: Accordingly, in this study, we have examined the antitumor effect of several extracts of $C.$ $longa$ rhizomes by successive fractionation in clonogenic assays using highly metastatic PC-3M prostate cancer cell line. Results: A mixture of isopropyl alcohol: acetone: water: chloroform: and methanol extract of $C.$ $longa$ showed significant bioactivity. Further partition of this extract showed that bioactivity resides in the dichloromethane soluble fraction. Column chromatography of this fraction showed presence of biological activity only in ethyl acetate eluted fraction. HPLC, UV-Vis and Mass spectra studies showed presence three curcuminoids in this fraction besides few unidentified components. Conclusions: From these observations it was concluded that the ethyl acetate fraction showed not only inhibition of colony forming ability of PC-3M cells but also up-regulated cell cycle genes $p57^{kip2}$ and Rad9 and further reduced the migration and invasive ability of prostate cancer cells.