• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.675-690
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• 2007

It has been widely believed that the ethnic relations in Honolulu and Hawai'i in the early twentieth century were little associated with racist ideology because the white race was minority in terms of the racial composition. In reality, however, the racial and ethnic issues have played a major role in forming the past and present relations among ethnic groups. This study shows that the white-supremacy ideology exerted a strong influence on minority groups in Honolulu throughout the immigration and settling-down process, as much as in the mainland U.S. Clear occupational stratification and residential segregation among the ethnic groups in Honolulu represented almost the same situation as in mainland cities. The social segregation and spatial propinquity of their residential neighborhoods facilitated the construction of dichotomized identity: "Local" versus "Haole". Such transformed identities were a product of on-going inter-ethnic negotiation process embedded in the non-white multi-ethnic neighborhoods.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.199-213
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• 1987

Upon analyzing the literature, it becomes apparent that norms for orthodontic diagnosis were from normal occlusion with pleasing face, and that the form and size of craniofacial skeleton were different between racial or ethnic groups. Therefore, this study was intended to establish Korean adult norms be useful for diagnosing the cases and to compare those to other ethnic or racial groups. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were taken of ninety-one Korean adults with normal occlusion showing pleasing face consisted in forty-three males and forty-eight females. The subjects ranged in age from seventeen to twenty-six years. The tracings involved measurements that were analyzed with a digitizer. The findings of this study can be summarized as follows, 1. Norms of Korean adult males, females, and combined sexes were established. 2 It was found that in the form and shape of craniofacial skeleton, there were no significant differences between males and females, but in the size males were larger than females 3. There were a great variation between ethnic or racial groups in the measurements of craniofacial skeleton 4 The size of Korean cranial base was smaller than the American Caucasian. 5 The maxilla and mandible of Korean were less protruded than those of the other ethnic groups 6 The dental pattern of Korean were more proclined than that of the American Caucasian and less protruded than that of the American Negro and the North Indian.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.6263-6267
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• 2012

Background: Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) is an important phase II xenobiotic compound metabolizing enzyme family, involved in tolerance to a particular drug or susceptibility to a diseasec. This study focused the GSTM1 and T1 null allele frequency in the Gujarat population with a comparison across other Inter- and Intra-Indian ethnic groups to predict variation in the possible susceptible status. Methods: DNA was isolated by a salting out method and GSTM1 and T1 homozygous null genotypes were detected by multiplex polymerase chain reaction in 504 unrelated individuals. The genotype distribution of null alleles was compared with Indian and non Indian ethnics reported earlier in the literature using Fisher's test. Results: The frequencies of the homozygous null genotypes of GSTM1 and GSTT1 were 20% (95%CI 16.7-23.9) and 35.5% (95%CI 31.4-39.9) respectively. GSTM1 null frequency did not deviate from most other Indian ethnic groups but differed from the majority of those of non Indian ethnicity studied. The frequency of homozygous null type of GSTT1 was significantly higher and deviated from all Indian groups and a few of non Indian ethnicity. Conclusions: Gujarat ethnicity, possibly the most susceptible for GSTT1 dependent drug disposition and diseases regarding effects of pollution. Further, the results have implications for GSTT1 dependent drugs used for treatment, a serious problem which needs to be solved by physicians and clinical researchers.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.774-791
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• 2016

Recent studies on Asian suburbanization suggest that their settlement patterns do not confirm to those of earlier migrant streams, and that different residential patterns of Asian ethnic minority groups have created a complex ethnic mosaic in suburban areas. This paper examines the extent to which residential patterns of main Asian minority groups have changed in Westchester, where is one of suburban counties around New York City. With mapping base on Census of Population data in 2000 and 2010 years, the residential patterns of five Asian groups (Asian Indians, Chinese, Filipinos, Japanese, and Koreans) are analyzed through the indices of segregation. The residential segregation geography of the Asian ethnic groups is characterized by dispersed concentration. There is a difference among the characteristics of the ethnic neighborhoods in which Asian minority groups are residentially concentrated.

• SUVANNABHUMI
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.131-159
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• 2016

This qualitative study was designed to explore the definition of ethnic identity of the Dusuns in Brunei Darussalam from the perspective of Shamsul A.B.'s (1996) "everyday-defined" social reality. The purpose of this study was twofold. Firstly, by employing Phinney's (1996) formulation of ethnic identity, this study examined the existence of core components of ethnic identity, namely, ethnic self-identification, ethnic involvement, positive attitude towards ethnic group, and sense of belonging in the life of the Dusuns. Secondly, by utilizing Phinney's (1996) three-stage model of ethnic identity formation, this study investigated the relationship between core components and the formation process of ethnic identity. Twenty-six Dusun informants ranging in age from 8 to 80 years old were interviewed for the purpose of this study. The analysis of the interview data revealed that all core components exist and evolve in the life of the Dusuns. Different perspectives towards core components can also be identified across different age groups. Adult informants contested the relevance of ethnic involvement in view of socio-cultural transformations that occurred within the ethnic group, whereas younger Dusuns were not able to extend sense of belonging outside their family. These findings lead to the identification of family and historical contexts as influential factors that shape the ways the informants experienced the ethnic identity components. Further, the findings of this study indicate the relationship between core components and the formation process of ethnic identity. Sense of belonging and community is only evident in the experience of older informants, sufficient to help them reach the stage of achieving ethnic identity. This also shows a positive sequential relation between the stages in Phinney's ethnic identity model and the age of the informants. Interestingly, evidence on internalized sense of belonging reveals the fact that an individual could still attain ethnic identity achievement even without experiencing all components of ethnic identity. Once again, this study suggests contextual factors play a role in the stage progression of the Dusuns' ethnic identity.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.55-66
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• 2022

As the number of immigrants staying in Korea has gradually increased since the mid-1990s, the rate of chronicle migration from certain countries such as China and Vietnam remain high. Registered foreign residents have formed ethnic communities depending on their countries of origin, and the purpose of stay, Korean language literacy, rent, and accessibility have resulted in their self-congregation or forced segregation. This study aims to explore the direction in which immigrants' residential distribution move over time, and whether the ethnic communities show any differences in the level of congregation or segregation. It focuses on identifying the residential distribution of Korean-Chinese, Chinese, and Vietnamese at the city, county, and district level across the country in Korea and examining the congregation and residential changes of three groups over the past decade using centrographic method. Comparing the location as well as the level of residential congregation or dispersion of three groups, which account for the majority of non-professional immigrants in Korea, it will provide a basis for further research on residential congregation or segregation of immigrants in the future.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.14
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• pp.5895-5900
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• 2014

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a cluster of complicated disorders caused by the interactive influencing factors of heredity and environment, which predisposes to many cnacers. Results from epidemic research indicate that stress is tightly related to the pathogenesis of MS and neoplasia. This paper aims to investigate the association between psychological stress and MS with respect to the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF${\alpha}$) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) genes in the Han and Hui ethnic groups. Methods: All subjects for this case-control study matched strict enrollment criteria (nationality, gender and age) and lived in the city of Wu Zhong of Ningxia Province in China. The enrolled group contained 102 matched pairs of Hui ethnic individuals and 98 matched pairs of Han ethnic individuals. Enrolled subjects completed the general Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90). The TNF${\alpha}$-308G/A variant and NPYrs16147 polymorphism were detected in case (81 males, 119 females) and control (81 males, 119 females) groups by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. Results: Nine factors of the SCL-90 were found to be statistically different (p<0.05) between case and control groups. The homozygous mutant genotype (AA) and the mutant allele (A) of the TNF${\alpha}$-308G/A gene were less frequently observed in the control population compared to the case group. The odds ratio (95% confidence interval) in "Allele" for MS was 2.28 (1.47-3.53), p=0.0001, while "OR" was 1.11 (0.83-1.47), p=0.15, for the NPYrs16147 gene polymorphism. Conclusions: Psychological stress has been positively associated with MS. A previous study from our group suggested there were differences in the level of psychological stress between Hui and Han ethnic groups. Furthermore, we found that the stress-related TNF${\alpha}$ gene was associated with MS for both Han and Hui ethnic groups. In contrast, NPY may be a possible contributor to MS and associated cancer for the Han ethnic group.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.56 no.2 s.101
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• pp.112-124
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• 2006

Globally, several ethnic groups have expressed their spirit cultures based on their ethnic identity in diverse ways. Clothing has been one of the convenient objects to express ethnic identities. Therefore, patterns and colors used in traditional costumes have worked as a means to help understanding spirit cultures of ethnic groups. Since colors help strengthening solidarity of social members based on ethnic preference and community consensus, colors have performed a crucial role as a strategic tool in the fashion business closely related to consumers' individual characteristics. In survey results, color preferences of Korean and Italian specialists showed significant differences in signboard colors and disliked colors. Many Korean fashion specialists selected pink as a preferred color, black as a clothing color, red and white as a color with high visibility, and orange as a disliked color. In case of Italy, many specialists selected red and black as highly visible colors for a signboard, and green as a disliked color. In results comparing color preference for colors between Korean and Italian fashion design specialists, there were differences in color sensibility. Since this research used data from survey conducted using a very limited and much manipulated stimuli among a wide range of color schema and patterns, the study result may not be fully generalized. In future studies, more research using diversely segmented stimuli would be needed.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.34 no.11
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• pp.1727-1738
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• 2021

Objective: This review consolidates the available information on the socio-economic and ecological significance of Mithun in the lives of ethnic communities in the Eastern Himalaya. Methods: Standard guidelines were followed for the review and data collection was carried out at three stages; literature search, literature screening, and literature review and analysis. Results: Records indicate a long association of Mithun with the ethnic groups. Mithun serves as a symbol of pride and local currency for barter trade in the ethnic society. Its utilities range from being used as a bride price to settling legal disputes. Several cultural festivals and local ceremonies are celebrated around this bovine. Due to its semi-wild nature, this animal also has an ecological role to conserve broad leaf sub-tropical forests. However, it remains neglected and has not received policy attention, leading to a stagnated growth. The institutions for Mithun research and development are also weak. Furthermore, the species is under threat from new diseases and habitat alteration triggered by climate change. Conclusion: Founded on the current state of knowledge, there is a need for institutional development, strengthening institutional linkages, and promoting regional cooperation among Mithun rearing countries for further research and development of this unique cattle.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.631-641
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate dining-out behavior at ethnic restaurants and its relationship with ethnic restaurant satisfaction based on the food-related lifestyle (FRL) of undergraduate students. A total 306 of questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS ver. 12.0 package. The data were analysed using frequency, chi-square, one-way ANOVA, factor analysis and multiple regression analysis. According to the results of factor analysis, the FRL of undergraduate students categorized into health factor, taste factor, convenience factor and ethnic restaurant satisfaction was influenced by four elements: service & hygiene, food quality & convenience, atmosphere & image and unique culture. In addition, visiting frequency and visiting motivation of all dining-out behaviors at ethnic restaurants were significantly different and the FRL groups had differences in the influence of food quality & convenience, atmosphere & image and unique culture. Futhermore, the health factor of FRL was influenced by all elements of ethnic restaurant satisfaction. The findings indicate that ethnic restaurant owners should provide food with healthy ingredients in addition to unique culture and atmosphere to customers.