• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.776-792
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• 2023

This study aims to analyze the traditional attire of four ethnic minority groups in Northeastern China: Daur, Ewenki, Oroqen, and Hezhen, considering their natural environment, lifestyles, and cultural influences. A literature review of academic papers, books, and online resources was conducted, along with indirect investigations through artifacts. The Daur people, being equestrian, have garments with deep slits, vibrant colors, and elaborate decorations. The Ewenki people wear clothes made of fabric in the summer and primarily deer skin in the winter, and their clothing is simple and not flashy. The Oroqen people's clothing typically has slits at the front, back, or on both sides, and they wear a waist belt. The Hezhen people, an ethnic group that primarily hunts and fishes, wear two-piece clothing with a hip-length top and pants or other fur-trimmed garments. All groups incorporate symbolic patterns influenced by Shamanism, along with animal headgear and leather shoes. We observed that the traditional costumes of ethnic minority groups in Northeastern China share many commonalities in form, but there are detailed differences in material, shape, color, and decoration due to unique geographical and climatic characteristics as well as differences in livelihood. Additionally, the structure of clothing varies depending on each tribe's shamanistic practices and lifestyle.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.119-138
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• 2018

The Hmong people are one of the largest ethnic groups in Vietnam. They traditionally practice shifting cultivation for their daily subsistence. This group has a traditional governance system as well as strong clan and kinship relationships that occupy an important role in maintaining Hmong culture and livelihoods. The state's approval of the legitimate and statutory law for the Nature Reserve largely excluded local rights of access to and the use of natural resources. This study focusses on Hmong responses to the state interventions of the establishment of the Nature Reserve as well as forest land allocation. Based on Scott's contribution of Moral Economy (1976), the authors argue that local responses function as a 'risk-averter' against state intervention. Meanwhile, the intra and inter-ethnic relationships based on the 'subsistence ethic' help locals successfully mitigate state intervention. These findings help the state rethink their interventions, which have been constructed with very little respect for local differences or the desires of ethnic peoples. Furthermore, the main findings, which reveal that not only the intra-ethnic relationship but also the inter-ethnic relationship among ethnic minorities can play an important role in maintaining the Moral Economy, are expected to deepen the previous understanding on the Moral Economy, which has previously constrained its scope to the intra-ethnic relationship.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.14
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• pp.5895-5900
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• 2014

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a cluster of complicated disorders caused by the interactive influencing factors of heredity and environment, which predisposes to many cnacers. Results from epidemic research indicate that stress is tightly related to the pathogenesis of MS and neoplasia. This paper aims to investigate the association between psychological stress and MS with respect to the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF${\alpha}$) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) genes in the Han and Hui ethnic groups. Methods: All subjects for this case-control study matched strict enrollment criteria (nationality, gender and age) and lived in the city of Wu Zhong of Ningxia Province in China. The enrolled group contained 102 matched pairs of Hui ethnic individuals and 98 matched pairs of Han ethnic individuals. Enrolled subjects completed the general Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90). The TNF${\alpha}$-308G/A variant and NPYrs16147 polymorphism were detected in case (81 males, 119 females) and control (81 males, 119 females) groups by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. Results: Nine factors of the SCL-90 were found to be statistically different (p<0.05) between case and control groups. The homozygous mutant genotype (AA) and the mutant allele (A) of the TNF${\alpha}$-308G/A gene were less frequently observed in the control population compared to the case group. The odds ratio (95% confidence interval) in "Allele" for MS was 2.28 (1.47-3.53), p=0.0001, while "OR" was 1.11 (0.83-1.47), p=0.15, for the NPYrs16147 gene polymorphism. Conclusions: Psychological stress has been positively associated with MS. A previous study from our group suggested there were differences in the level of psychological stress between Hui and Han ethnic groups. Furthermore, we found that the stress-related TNF${\alpha}$ gene was associated with MS for both Han and Hui ethnic groups. In contrast, NPY may be a possible contributor to MS and associated cancer for the Han ethnic group.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.52 no.7
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• pp.27-44
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• 2002

The Folk-dress of some parts of the traditional style is extremely focused and puts value on protecting itself against changes. Generally rural areas are much more conservative politically economically, and culturally. Its environment is sluggish and slow and daily routines change slowly. So they take friendly a position between a race and geographical and environmental differences which is expressed in the Folk-dress. Also, a dress is the most preferred individual object as a symbol of collective homogeneity. By those people who preserve these kinds of the individual objects and by those people who have ethnic conservation, folk-dress was handed down to the present age and the festival dress was used as a tool of ethnic tradition and binding. Therefore, 1 would like to study and research the differences between the folk-dress of the Lithuanian historical and geographical factors and the folk-dress of the surrounding north-eastern European countries. Especially when we compare these with the folk-dress in terms of historical, cultural. and political relationships between Lithuania and the north-eastern European countries, we can find out that they had a good effect on the folk-dress historically and culturally.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.155-166
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• 2011

The purposes of this study was to examine Chinese consumers's perception toward Korean fashion brands. Especially, this study aimed to compare the Chinese consumers in three local groups (Beijing, Shanghai, & Yangji). The subjects used for this study were one hundred ninety-six participants(male; 110, female; 86) in 20s age who live in China. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, Cronbach's alpha, and t-test were used. Cronbach's alpha test revealed that all instruments which were used for this study had over 0.85. As the results, first, 67.9% of Chinese consumers perceived Korean brands correctly as Korean brands. Also, 42.5% of Chinese participants had purchased Korean fashion brand products such as Teenie Weenie or E-land. Second, there were not significant differences in brand attitudes among three group participants. However, there was a significant difference in 'brand preference' factor, one of three brand attitudes, between two ethnic groups. Finally, there were not signifiant differences in brand image, while there was a significant difference in intelligent brand image, one of 4 brand image factors, between two ethnic groups. These results of this study would be very useful for Korean fashion brand marketers in order to understand Chinese fashion consumers more details, and provide more efficient fashion marketing strategies.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Costume Conference
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• 2001.08a
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• pp.40-43
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• 2001

Du-Dou was one of the Chinese costumes worn mostly by women and children. It is the equivalence of modern brassieres or under wear. While small in size, du-dous were popularly worn by many ethnic groups and in many regions in China. The embroidery on du-dous has attracted major attention recently, due to its functional and artistic aspects. The design, floral pattern, stitching technique, and color combination and distribution clearly demonstrate the practice of Chinese folk art and reflect the essence of Chinese life style. Among the three major ethic groups of Taiwan-the Fukiens, Hakkas, and Taiwan aboriginals, each group has its distinctive du-dou. The purpose of this study is to investigate and compare the similarities and differences of the embroidery on du-dou among the three ethnic groups in Taiwan, and furthermore, to make recommendations for the modern du-dous in the fashion industry.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.115-132
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to provide baseline information on the risk-taking health behavior of alcohol consumption in four ethnic groups, Caucasian, Chinese, Japanese, and Korean, residing in the State of Hawaii. Secondary data from the State-based Health Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, designed by the Center for Disease Control, were used. The total sample analyzed for this study contained 6,068 persons. Univariate and logistic regression analysis were performed in order to determine sociodemographic profiles and the predictor variables to produce the findings of this study. The percentage distribution of six sociodemographic factors by race was very similar in all alcohol consumption factors, acute drinking, chronic drinking, and drinking and driving. In this study there were significant ethnic differences in alcohol consumption factors except drinking and driving.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.95-111
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• 2006

In this study of acculturation strategies and adjustment in Korean-Chinese and Chinese-Korean children, 273 Korean-Chinese and 207 Chinese-Korean were asked about levels of assimilation to the mainstream language and culture, ethnic identity, emotional attitude toward their schools, teachers' support, peers' support, and social distance from the mainstream. Results revealed that separation was the most preferred strategy followed by integration, assimilation, and marginalization for both subject groups. Children categorized by separation strategies reported highest scores in school adjustment variables and lowest scores in social distance. There were some differences between Korean-Chinese and Chinese-Korean children in cultural assimilation, ethnic identity, emotional attitude toward school, and teacher's support. These findings were explained by their immigration history and the uniqueness of each mainstream society.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.81-87
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• 2012

Large-scale copy number variants (CNVs) in the human provide the raw material for delineating population differences, as natural selection may have affected at least some of the CNVs thus far discovered. Although the examination of relatively large numbers of specific ethnic groups has recently started in regard to inter-ethnic group differences in CNVs, identifying and understanding particular instances of natural selection have not been performed. The traditional $F_{ST}$ measure, obtained from differences in allele frequencies between populations, has been used to identify CNVs loci subject to geographically varying selection. Here, we review advances and the application of multinomial-Dirichlet likelihood methods of inference for identifying genome regions that have been subject to natural selection with the $F_{ST}$ estimates. The contents of presentation are not new; however, this review clarifies how the application of the methods to CNV data, which remains largely unexplored, is possible. A hierarchical Bayesian method, which is implemented via Markov Chain Monte Carlo, estimates locus-specific $F_{ST}$ and can identify outlying CNVs loci with large values of FST. By applying this Bayesian method to the publicly available CNV data, we identified the CNV loci that show signals of natural selection, which may elucidate the genetic basis of human disease and diversity.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.34 no.6 s.107
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• pp.537-543
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• 2004

Microsatellit markers are considered to be very promising genetic markers for genetic linkage analysis. The majority of the markers are as informative as in Caucasians but there are significant ethnic differences in the genetic variations. In order to investigate the genetic variations in the Korean and Japanese populations and their ethnic differences, 51 microsatellite marker loci spanning the whole human chromosome 1 were arranged from a commercially available set (ABI PRISM Linkage Mapping Set-HD5, Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA), and then determined the allelic frequencies and heterozygosities for these marker loci in the 90 unrelated Korean subjects and 90 unrelated Japanese subjects. Of all 51 markers tested, significant differences were observed when microsatellite allele frequency pattern of Korean was compared with those of Caucasian, while this pattern was highly similar between Korean and Japanese populations. Our data indicate that an extensive verification of public microsatellite markers in a particular population study should be undertaken prior to their linkage studies. Moreover, this information should facilitate genetic linkage studies of various hereditary diseases, especially in the Koreans and Japanese.