• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.416-425
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• 2016

As curriculum statements require addressing ethical and social issues which are raised by modern science and technology, the ability to perceive ethical and social issues regarding science is necessary for teachers to introduce socio-scientific issues (SSI) in their science class. The purpose of this study is to explore elementary school teachers' ethical sensitivity on SSI and attempts to give implications for teacher education. To explore the ethical sensitivity in the context of SSI, the revised version of the Test for Ethical Sensitivity on Science (TESS) was used. Two socio-scientific issues (genetic engineering and radioactive waste) were provided to read and write down five possible questions they believed should be considered before reaching a decision. Data was collected from eighty-two elementary school teachers in Korea. To analyze the ethical sensitivity, the responses including ethical considerations were analyzed by situation and ethical issues. The result showed that 81 out of 82 teacher participants provided at least more than one ethical consideration on each scenario of this study. However, not many teacher could raise various ethical issues and situation that ethical issue might occur. There were only a few teaches who could consider all the situations, 'process of scientific research', 'application of science and technology', and 'science influenced by society', that ethical issues might occur. Especially, teachers failed to consider that the ethical issue can occur in the situation when science is influenced by society. Based on the results, we suggest that during teacher education teachers need to experience finding various ethical issues that can occur in the context of SSI and especially considering the ethical issues when science is influenced by society.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.17-26
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• 2015

Purpose - Ethical management connects corporate management outcomes and emphasizes organizational cooperation. It also links human resource management, auditing, and financial management to increase employee job satisfaction. A survey of American enterprises showed that employees with high ethical consciousness had greater job satisfaction and lower turnover. Research design, data, and methodology - Hypotheses and models based on previous studies were used to investigate the effects of ethical management on employee job satisfaction and turnover intentions. To examine hypotheses empirically, a questionnaire survey based on previous studies was administered to service business workers in Seoul. Results - The study investigated the effects of ethical management practices in relation to factors such as top management's willingness to put them into practice, their appropriateness and implementation within operations, and their influence on job satisfaction, and also examined the effects of job satisfaction on turnover intentions. Conclusions - Ethical management greatly influences job satisfaction and turnover intentions, providing organizational members with alternatives regarding ethical considerations, and to place a strong emphasis on management willingness and enterprise regulations and policies.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.459-475
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• 1998

In many clinical trials, we are interested in comparing the failure time distribution of different treatment groups. Because of ethical and economic reasons, clinical trials need to be monitored for early dramatic benefits or potential harmful effects. Prior knowledge, evolving knowledge, statistical considerations, medical judgment and ethical principles are all involved in the decision to terminate a trial early, and thus the monitoring is usually carried out by an independent scientific committee. This paper reviews the recently proposed group sequential testing procedures for clinical trials with survival data. Design considerations of such clinical trials are also discussed. This paper compares the characteristics of each of these methods and provides the biostatisticians with the guidelines for choosing the appropriate group sequential methods in a given situation.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.419-421
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• 2007

Objectives : The aim of this study was to introduce the concept of health inequalities, and to discuss the underlying assumptions and ethical backgrounds associated with the issue, as well as the theoretical and practical implications of health inequalities. Methods : Based on a review of the literature, we summarize the concepts of health inequalities and inequities and discuss the underlying assumptions and ethical backgrounds associated with these issues from the view of social justice theory. We then discuss the theoretical and practical implications of health inequalities. Results : Health inequality involves ethical considerations, such as judgments on fairness, and it could provide a sensitive barometer to reflect the fairness of social arrangements. Discussion on health inequalities could deepen our understanding of the social etiology of health and provide a basis for the development of comprehensive and integrative social policies. Conclusions : Health equity is not a social goal in and of itself, but should be considered as a part of a broader effort to seek social justice.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.13-24
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• 2022

Purpose: Motivated by an expedited growth and distribution of Online Food-Delivery (OFD) services, especially during the recent Covid-19 pandemic, this research aims to explore 1) how consumers' sustainability considerations are associated with satisfaction with the services via opt-out cutlery options and 2) the role of the pandemic in the relationships between sustainability considerations, attitudes toward opt-out cutlery options, and satisfaction with the OFD services. Data and Methodology: An analysis of survey data using 434 consumers in the United States recruited from Amazon M-Turk was conducted using structural equation modeling. Results: Findings suggest that consumers' environmental, health, and ethical considerations are positively related to their attitudes toward opt-out cutlery options. Furthermore, attitudes toward opt-out cutlery options are positively related to satisfaction with the OFD services only when they feel connected with the environment, driven by perceived threats of an infectious disease (i.e. Covid-19). Conclusion: The study findings provide new insights to managers in the OFD service industry on how to promote sustainable consumption during the pandemic.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.849-854
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• 2012

In this research, the status of prospective clinical researches related to Korean Oriental Medicine was identified from the papers published in domestic Korean medicine journals for the past 10 years, and the ethical validity of them were evaluated. Selection of researches and assessment on the ethical validity were made from the evaluation of two independent persons and the adjustment of the third party, and the collected data was analyzed using SPSS 17.0 software. The yearly status of prospective clinical researches related to Korean oriental medicine showed that the average number of them, which was six before 2005, was decreased to only one in 2006, and it started to recover gradually after 2007. The result of ethical validity test of prospective clinical researches related to oriental medicine showed that 5 researches (12.2%) in "unbiased selection of subjects and recruitment", 15 researches (36.6%) in "informed consent", 10 researches (24.4%) in "ethical considerations for vulnerable subjects", and 8 researches (19.5%) in "pre-deliberation and ethical oversight of the IRB" were appropriate to the ethical standards. The interest for clinical researches has been increased, and the ethical aspect of the clinical researches has been emphasized in oriental medicine. The results reported here are expected to provide a help to perform an ethical oriental medicine related clinical researches.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.122-129
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• 2007

During the last decade, genomic cohort study has been developed in many countries by linking health data and genetic data in stored samples. Genomic cohort study is expected to find key genetic components that contribute to common diseases, thereby promising great advance in genome medicine. While many countries endeavor to build biobank systems, biobank-based genome research has raised important ethical concerns including genetic privacy, confidentiality, discrimination, and informed consent. Informed consent for biobank poses an important question: whether true informed consent is possible in population-based genomic cohort research where the nature of future studies is unforeseeable when consent is obtained. Due to the sensitive character of genetic information, protecting privacy and keeping confidentiality become important topics. To minimize ethical problems and achieve scientific goals to its maximum degree, each country strives to build population-based genomic cohort research project, by organizing public consultation, trying public and expert consensus in research, and providing safeguards to protect privacy and confidentiality.

• Journal of Research and Publication Ethics
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 2023

Purpose: Psychological and clinical studies targeting children and adolescents have become increasingly important in recent years as researchers strive to understand better the psychological and physiological development of children and teens. The purpose of the study is to explore significant research ethics on the psychological and clinical study targeting children and adolescents. In addition to these ethical considerations, international and national codes of ethics and regulatory bodies guide ethical research practices with children and adolescents. Research design, data, and methodology: The present study used the qualitative textual collection through investigating the past and current literature review. Numerous prior studies have conducted this research design to obtain the right prior studies. Results: Previous Research has indicated there are four research ethics on the psychological and clinical study targeting children and adolescents. (1) Respect for autonomy, (2) Respect for privacy and confidentiality, (3) Respect for vulnerability, (4). Respect for beneficence. Conclusions: In conclusion, research ethics are essential for protecting children and adolescents when conducting psychological and clinical studies. In the future, research should focus on developing innovative methods to ensure the safety of children and adolescents while still allowing them to participate in research.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.329-363
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• 2011

This study is on the influence of organizational climates on social workers' professionalism in Social Welfare Centers, based on measurements of the recognition levels provided by the organizational climates. I collected 570 samples from social workers who are presently working at social welfare centers, and analyzed the data using T-test, ANOVA and Hierarchical Regression Analysis. The results of this Study are: I researched the effect of organizational climates on the professional capability and ethical responsibility of social workers in the Social Welfare Centers. First, from theoretical considerations, I controlled for the general variables which affected the observed professional capability and ethical responsibility of social workers (Level 1). And then, I examined the explanatory results to see the effect of the organizational factors (Level 2). Through Hierarchical Regression Analysis, the level one analysis showed the effect of the general factors on professional capability (4.4 %) and ethical responsibility (3.3%). The level two analyses showed the added effect of the organizational factors on professional capability (21.4 %) and ethical responsibility (21.1%). By adding the organizational factors, the R2 of professional capability increases 17% and that of ethical responsibility increases to 17.8%. These results are statistically significant. The level two organizational factors significantly affecting professional capability were Autonomy, Supervision, Task Assignment, position and work place. Ethical responsibility was affected significantly by level two organizational subcategory factors of Autonomy, Supervision, Task Assignment, gender and education level and work place. Incentive didn't have any effect on the professional capability or ethical responsibility.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.241-251
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify trends in health-related interventions on children attending Community Child Care (CCC) centers, which are part of a health policy to provide after-school care for vulnerable children in South Korea. Methods: From 2007, 109 papers were analyzed using the scoping study method. Results: The number of studies increased steadily between 2007 and 2016. Most studies were based on the social sciences, and the participants were mainly elementary school students. Psychological and social interventions were the most common types of interventions with socio-psychological indicators as measurements. In addition, only a few studies had a clearly defined conceptual framework. The majority of studies did not explicitly indicate that they followed ethical considerations. Conclusion: It is necessary to develop health-related interventions for children attending CCC centers using diverse subjects, types, and evaluation methods, along with improvements in the quality of research methodology. Furthermore, it is essential to clearly articulate and implement ethical considerations in research targeting vulnerable children.