• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.169-174
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• 2006

The aim of this work was to prepare tenoxicam-ethanolamine salt with improved physicochemical properties for transdermal application. Tenoxicam-ethanolamine salt was prepared in methylene chloride and its physicochemical properties were investigated by DSC and FT-lR. The broad peak of tenoxicam around 3600-3200 $cm^-1$ was shifted to lower wavenumber and more broadened. The characteristic endothermic melting peak of tenoxicam appeared at $223^{\circ}C$. The melting peak of tenoxicam-ethanolamine salt was shifted to $159^{\circ}C$. In contrast to relatively small difference in the partition coefficients of tenoxicam and the tenoxicam-ethanolamine salt, large difference in aqueous solubility was observed. $Crovol^{\circledR}$ PK4O (PEG-12 palm kernel glycerides) provided the highest skin flux for both compounds. The order of the enhancing effect of the various vehicles tested was similar for tenoxicam and tenoxicam-ethanolamine salt, which indicated that their enhancing mechanism for tenoxicam and tenoxicam-ethanolamine salt is similar. Tenoxicam-ethanolamine salt had a higher skin flux than tenoxicam by 1.2- to 31.7-fold, depending on the vehicles used. It is suggested that the vehicles with medium HLB value, 1 double bond, and lower ethylene oxide chain length have a better ability to modify the permeability of the stratum corneum and to promote the effective penetration of tenoxicam and tenoxicam-ethanolamine salt.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.531-538
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• 2010

The electrochemistry characterization of metal is important in many industrial applications. In this study, we investigated the C-V diagrams related to the electrochemistry characterization of nickel. We determined electrochemical measurement by using cyclic voltammetry with a three electrode system. A measuring range was reduced from initial potential to -1350mV, continuously oxidized to 1650mV and measured to the initial point. The scan rate were 100, 150, 200 and 200mV/s. As a result, the C-V characterization of nickel using ethanolamine and ethylethanolamine inhibitor appeared irreversible process caused by the oxidation current from the cyclic voltammogram. After adding ethanolamine compound additive, adsorption film constituted, and the passive phenomena happened. According to the results by cyclic voltammetry method, it was revealed that the effect of the electrochemistry characterization of nickel depends on ethanolamine structure interaction to adsorption complex.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.67-74
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• 2013

Organosolv ethanolamine pulping for oil palm empty fruit bunches(EFB) were evaluated in this study. The screen yield by the ethanolamine pulping were higher than that by the soda pulping at the same operation conditions. The higher concentration of ethanolamine solvent resulted in the higher yield and the lower contents of residual lignin. The EFB pulp fibers were the narrower in fiber width but the higher in coarseness than those of the hardwood pulp fiber, while the fiber length of the EFB pulp fiber were similar to that of the hardwood fiber. The intrinsic zero span tensile testing showed the EFB pulp fiber by the 80% ethanolamine pulping were the stronger than the fiber by the soda pulping. The results of this study supported that the ethanolamine pulping could be used as an alternative pulping method for the EFB.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.38-43
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• 2013

ETA (ethanolamine), a pH control agent, has been used as an ammonia substitute in the secondary system of nuclear power plants since 2001. It is impossible to remove ETA from the wastewater treatment system in the nuclear power plant operating currently, because it is the non-biodegradable organics in terms of the environmental. The optimum process and chemicals for the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) & N with the field sample were investigated. More than 95% of Ammonium ions, contained much in wastewater, was removed with a diffused aeration system. COD could be removed over 90% through the process that includes the oxidation with mixed peroxidants (sodium persulfate/sodium percarbonate) followed by the physicochemical treatment with coagulants.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.181-189
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• 1979

1. 전복, 소라, 북방조개, 가리비의 중요한 인지질은 choline phosphatides, ethanolamine phlosphatides, serine phosphatides, cardiolipin, sphingomyelin 및 lyso choline phosphatides 였다. 2. 이들 plasmalogen은 거의 대부분이 ethanolamine phosphatides에 존재하고, choline phosphatides에는 소량존재하였으며, serine phosphatide에는 전연발견되지 않았다. 3. 전복의 ethanolamine plasmalogen 함량은 1월에 채취한 것에는 $3.5\%$, 7월에 채취한 것에는 $17.2\%$였다. 또, 소라, 북방조개에는 각각 그 함량이 $20.7\%,\;15.1\%$였다. 가리비에는 ethanolamine phosphatides에 plasmalogen이 $18.8\%$ 존재하였다. 4. 전복 및 소라의 중요한 plasmalogen의 aldehyde 조성은 stearyl aldehyde $(C_{18:D})$, palmityl aldehyde $(C_{16:0})$, Palmitoleyl aldehyde $(C_{16:1})$ 및 oleyl aldehyde $(C_{18:1})$ 인데 대하여, 2매패인 북방조개, 가리비에는 eicosamonoenal $(C_{20:1})$이 $14-22\%$ 정도함유 되어 있어 권패와 대조적이였다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.52-60
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• 2005

This study was carried to assess the accuracy of material safety data sheets (MSDS) for some water-soluble metalworking fluid (MWF) with respect to mono- ethanolamine(MEA), di-ethanolamine(DEA) and tri-ethanolamine (TEA). 39 fresh and 52 used MWFs for this study were taken from the workplace. The quantification and qualification of MEA, DEA and TEA were done using ion-chromatography. Three main findings of this study were 1) EA that was not addressed in material safety & data sheets (MSDS) was found to be enough higher than 1%, 2) 33.3% of 39 fresh MWF showed ingredient and concentration of MEA, DEA and TEA in MSDS and 3) the concentrations of MEA(20.5%), DEA(41.3%) and TEA(15.4%) were much higher than those indicated in MSDS. Consequently, we concluded that the accuracy on ingredients and concentrations of MEA, DEA and TEA provided in MWF was very low. Our study recommends that the limit concentration of chemical except for carcinogen that employer has to indicate in MSDS should be lowered from 1% to 0.1% .

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.36-41
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• 2008

It is known that ethanolamines play a critical role for deacidification of paper sized by alum-rosin. However, amines also are effective as a chelating agent of metal. The present work was focused on whether amines could scavenge metals and prevent from the aging of paper. Metals such as alum, copper(II) and iron(III) was added to paper, and the paper treated with amines was aged in a thermo-hygrostat for 3-6 days. In the case of paper added to alum, the amines efficiency against paper aging was good in the oder of triethanolamine, diethanolamine and monoethanolamine attributable to the intensity of basicity and steric effect. Even in the case of paper treated with copper(II) chloride, iron(III) chloride, and copper(II) chloride, the significant preservation efficiency was shown by ethanolamine during accelerated aging. This outcome pinpoints the fact that ethanolamine can prevent paper aging not only from acid by neutralizing acid contained in paper but also from metals by producing of complexes with metals. These consequences above convince that ethanolamine makes it possible for mass deacidification for paper which contains acid and metals. Future studies should be conducted concerning whether, in reality, the treatment of its gas mode, in a single or multiple applications, has significant effect on lessening paper aging.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.31-38
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• 1985

The transesterification reaction between ethanolamine and methyl-methacrylate was kinetically investigated in the presence of various metal acetate catalysts at $110^{\circ}C$. The transesterification was found to obey first-order kinetice with respect to the concentration of ethanolamine and methyl-methacrylate, respectively. By the Arrhenius plot, the activation energy has been calculated as 11.9 Kcal with lead acetate catalyst, 14.7 Kcal without catalyst. The reactivities has highest value where the electronegativity and instability constant (Kij) values for the metal acetate catalysts are about 1.6.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.318-325
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• 2017

Wastewater including ethanolamine used in the second generation of nuclear power plants is filtered out in the ion exchange resin of the condensate polishing plant. In the regeneration process of ion exchange resin, a strong acidic wastewater containing ethanolamine and a lager amount of ionic substances are released. In this study, the process involving UV oxidation part with or without absorbents was developed for treating wastewater released from the ionic exchange resin. The effect of adsorbents on the wastewater treatment was investigated by using UV oxidation system developed by us. As a result, the COD removal efficiency of UV/GAC process with the granular activated carbon (GAC) as an adsorbent was 71.3% at pH 12.8. The removal efficiency was 21.8% higher than that of the wastewater treated using UV oxidation process without any adsorbents at the same condition. The removal of T-N was 88.6% at pH 12.8 when using UV oxidation with the GAC absorbent, which was 18.0% higher than that of using the UV oxidation process without any absorbents. It is thought that ethanolamine adsorbed on the absorbent improved the efficiency of UV oxidation process. Therefore, the UV/GAC adsorption oxidation process can be more effective in treating wastewater containing ethanolamine than that of using the process without any absorbents.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.72 no.5
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• pp.441-447
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• 2012

Background: Chest tube drainage (CTD) is an indication for the treatment of pneumothorax, hemothroax and is used after a thoracic surgery. But, in the case of incomplete lung expansion, and/or persistent air leak from CTD, medical or surgical thoracoscopy or, if that is unavailable, limited thoracotomy, should be considered. We evaluate the efficacy of bronchoscopic injection of ethanolamine to control the persistent air leak in patients with CTD. Methods: Patients who had persistent or prolonged air leak from CTD were included, consecutively. We directly injected 1.0 mL solution of 5% ethanolamine oleate into a subsegmental or its distal bronchus, where it is a probable air leakage site, 1 to 21 times using an injection needle through a fiberoptic bronchoscope. Results: A total of 15 patients were enrolled; 14 cases of spontaneous pneumothorax [idiopathic 9, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) 3, post-tuberculosis 2] and one case of empyema associated with broncho-pleural fistula. Of these, five were patients with persistent air leak from CTD, just after a surgical therapy, wedge resection with plication for blebs or bullae. With an ethanolamine injection therapy, 12 were successful but three (idiopathic, COPD and post-tuberculosis) failed, and were followed by a surgery (2 cases) or pleurodesis (1 case). Some adverse reactions, such as fever, chest pain and increased radiographic opacities occurred transiently, but resolved without any further events. With success, the time from the procedure to discharge was about 3 days (median). Conclusion: Bronchoscopic ethanolamine injection therapy may be partially useful in controlling air leakage, and reducing the hospital stay in patients with persistent air leak from CTD.