• Molecules and Cells
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.356-364
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• 2005

Intramolecular excimer formation of 1,3-di(1-pyrenyl) propane(Py-3-Py) and fluorescence polarization of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) were used to evaluate the effect of ethanol on the rate and range of lateral and rotational mobilities of bulk bilayer structures of synaptosomal plasma membrane vesicles (SPMVs) from the bovine cerebral cortex. Ethanol increased the excimer to monomer fluorescence intensity ratio (I'/I) of Py-3-Py in the SPMVs. Selective quenching of both DPH and Py-3-Py by trinitrophenyl groups was used to examine the range of transbilayer asymmetric rotational mobility and the rate and range of transbilayer asymmetric lateral mobility of SPMVs. Ethanol increased the rotational and lateral mobility of the outer monolayer more than of the inner one. Thus ethanol has a selective fluidizing effect within the transbilayer domains of the SPMVs. Radiationless energy transfer from the tryptophans of membrane proteins to Py-3-Py was used to examine both the effect of ethanol on annular lipid fluidity and protein distribution in the SPMVs. Ethanol increased annular lipid fluidity and also caused membrane proteins to cluster. These effects on neuronal membranes may be responsible for some, though not all, of the general anesthetic actions of ethanol.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.858-862
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• 2008

The Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation(SSF) of ethanol production from potato starch studied with respect to growth pH, temperature, substrate concentration. The glucoamylase and Saccharomyceses cerevisiae have a capacity to carry out a single stage SSF process for ethanol production. The characteristics, termed as starch hydrolysis, accumulation of glucose, ethanol production and biomass formation, were affected with variation in pH, temperature and starch concentration. The maximum ethanol concentration of 12.9g/l was obtained using a starch concentration 30g/l, which represent an ethanol yield of 86%. The optimum conditions for the maximum ethanol yield were found to be a temperature of 38, pH of 4.0 and fermentation time of 18hr. Thus by using the control composite design, it is possible to determine the accurate values of the fermentation parameters where maximum production of ethanol occurs.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.265-273
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• 2019

Objective: Terminalia arjuna plant, specially its leaves, bark, and roots, are widely used in traditional herbal medicine due to presence of bioactive components and being a rich source of natural antioxidants. But its fruit has not been used for any such purposes despite its potential to retard oxidation. Hence, the antioxidant potential of Arjuna fruit extract (AFE) in retarding lipid and protein oxidation of raw ground pork was evaluated during refrigerated storage for 9 days. Methods: The AFEs were prepared using different solvents viz. ethanol (EH), water, ethanol: water (60:40) and methanol:hot water (60:40). The AFEs were analysed for total phenolic content (TPC), 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity and reducing power. Water extract (WE) and ethanol-water extract (EH-WE) were selected and incorporated at 1.0% into freshly minced pork meat and compared with a synthetic antioxidant, in retarding lipid and protein oxidation during storage. Results: The TPC in AFEs using different solvents ranged from 11.04 to 16.53 mg gallic acid equivalents/g and extracts exhibited appreciable scavenging activity ranging from 50.02% to 58.62%. Arjuna extracts significantly (p<0.05) improved the colour score of meat samples by reducing the formation of metmyoglobin during storage. Both the AFEs (WE and EH-WE) significantly (p<0.05) lowered the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances value, peroxide formation and formation of protein carbonyls in raw pork than control sample during storage. Upon sensory evaluation of all samples, it was found that AFE treatment could prolong the storage period of meat samples, without influencing the colour and odour score, up to 6 days. Conclusion: AFEs used at 1% improved the oxidative stability, colour and odour score and prolonged the refrigerated shelf life of ground pork up 6 days. Therefore, AFE could be explored as an alternative natural antioxidant in retarding lipid and protein oxidation in meat products.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.441-448
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• 1998

A cellobiose-utilizing recombinant yeast having $\beta$-glucosidase activity was developed for ethanol production from a mixture of glucose and cellobiose. Using $\delta$-sequences of Tyl transposon of yeast as target sites for homologous recombination, a heterologous gene of $\beta$-glucosidase was integrated into the chromosome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The $\delta$-integrated recombinant yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae L2612 (Pb-BGL), showed perfect mitotic stability even in nonselective media and showed ca. 1.5 fold higher $\beta$-glucosidase activity than the recombinant yeast harboring the $2\mu$-based plasmid vector system. A mathematical model was developed to describe the $\beta$-glucosidase formation and ethanol production from the Saccharomyces cerevisiae L2612 ($p\delta-BGL$). The model newly described that the heterologous $\beta$-glucosidase production mediated by ADH1 promoter is regulated by glucose and repressed by ethanol.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.61-66
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• 2009

An experimental investigation was conducted to analyze the effects of biodiesel-ethanol and biodiesel-diesel blended fuels on the characteristics of combustion and exhaust emissions, and size distributions of particulate matter in a single cylinder diesel engine. The three types of test fuel were biodiesel and two blended fuels which were added ethanol and diesel by 20 % volume based fraction into biodiesel, respectively. In this study, the injection rate, combustion pressure, exhaust emissions and size distributions of particulate matter were measured under various injection timings and injection pressures. The experimental results show that biodiesel-ethanol blended fuel has lengthened ignition delay and low combustion pressure in comparison with those of biodiesel and biodiesel-diesel blended fuel even if all fuels indicated similar trends of injection rate under equal injection pressures. In addition, the ethanol blended fuel significantly reduced nitrogen oxidies (NOx) and soot emissions. And then the size distribution of particulate matters shows that blended fuels restrain the formation of particles which were beyond the range of 150nm comparison with biodiesel fuel.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.854-858
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• 2010

Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) plays an important role in the information of dental plaque and it is being noticed as major causative bacteria of dental caries. In the present study, inhibitory effects of the ethanol extract of Dianthus superbus Linne (D. superbus) on the growth, acid production, adhesion and water-insoluble glucan synthesis of S. mutans were examined. The ethanol extract of D. superbus (0.5 - 4 mg/ml) significantly lowered the growth of S. mutans in a dose dependent manner. The acid production of S. mutans were inhibited by the presence of ethanol extract of D. superbus(1 - 4 mg/ml) significantly. The ethanol extract of D. superbus (0.25 - 4 mg/ml) also significantly lowered the adherence of S. mutans in a dose dependent manner. In water-insoluble glucan synthesis assay, 0.25 - 4 mg/ml of the ethanol extract of D. superbus significantly inhibited the formation of water-insoluble glucan. These results suggest that D. superbus may inhibit the caries-inducing properties of S. mutans. Further studies are necessary to clarify the active constituents of D. superbus responsible for such biomolecular activities.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.54-58
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• 2015

The protective effect of EtOAc fraction of Limonium tetragonum extract (EALT) against alcohol-induced hepatotoxicity was assessed following acute ethanol intoxication in Spraque-Dawley rats. EALT (200 mg/kg p.o.) was administrated once before alcohol intake (8 g/kg, p.o.). Blood ethanol concentration, and the activities of alcohol metabolic enzymes, alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) in the liver were measured. Also, the formation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activities of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px), catalase were determined after acute alcohol exposure. Pretreatment of rats received ethanol with EALT significantly decreased blood ethanol concentration and elevated the activities of ADH and ALDH in liver. The increased MDA level was decreased, and the reduced activities of SOD, GSH-px and catalase were markedly preserved by the treatment with EALT. This study suggests that EALT prevent hepatic injury induced by acute alcohol which is likely related to its modulation on the alcohol metabolism and antioxidant enzymes activities.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.57 no.6
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• pp.406-411
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• 2013

Rumex crispus (Curled Dock, Polygonaceae) is a perennial wild plant used in traditional medicine as a laxative, astringent, and to treat blood and skin disease. The ethanol extract of R. crispus was obtained and its carbohydrate contents were analyzed using high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection. The anabolic effects of R. crispus in human osteoblastic MG-63 cells were investigated using the WST-8 assay, alkalinephosphatase (ALP) assay, and mineralization assay. The ethanol extract increased the proliferation of MG-63 cells and stimulated ALP activity in a dose-dependent manner over a 72-hrs period. Additionally, the ethanol extract dose-dependently stimulated the formation of bone nodules in MG-63 cells treated for 12 days. The ethyl acetate fraction from the ethanol extract did not affect osteoblast viability but induced an increase in ALP activity. In conclusion, the ethanol extract of R. crispus increases the proliferation and bone-forming activity of osteoblasts, and hence it could be used in the development of bone-forming stimulatory nutraceuticals and osteoporosis-related medicines.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.60 no.11
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• pp.2076-2082
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• 2011

The goal of this paper is to find an operating conditions of the single direct ethanol fuel cell such as the cell temperature, and flow rates of ethanol and oxygen. To investigate the output characteristics, the electrical current increased from 0[A] with interval of 0.001[A] every 2[s], and the cell voltage was increased until the voltage became 0.05[V]. Related to the effect of the cell temperature, the output characteristics both voltage and power were increased upto 80[$^{\circ}C$] according to the increase of the current density, but those were decreased over that temperature. In addition, the optimal flow rate of ethanol in anode was identified as of 2[mL/min] due to the dependence of generation rate such as the hydrogen ion and electron. And the flow rate of oxygen in cathode was desirable to about 300[sccm/min], it might be affected by the chemical reaction rate of the water formation among hydrogen ion, electron, and oxygen. Consequently, the fundamental conditions were identified in this work, and it will be carried out to find the best conditions of membrane by the effect of the plasma surface treatment, and the effect of other catalysts except for a platinum.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.30 no.12
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• pp.1827-1834
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• 2020

Candida albicans is a major fungal pathogen in humans. In our previous study, we reported that an ethanol extract from Aucklandia lappa weakens C. albicans cell wall by inhibiting synthesis or assembly of both (1,3)-β-D-glucan polymers and chitin. In the current study, we found that the extract is involved in permeabilization of C. albicans cell membranes. While uptake of ethidium bromide (EtBr) was 3.0% in control cells, it increased to 7.4% for 30 min in the presence of the A. lappa ethanol extract at its minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), 0.78 mg/ml, compared to uptake by heat-killed cells. Besides, leakage of DNA and proteins was observed in A. lappa-treated C. albicans cells. The increased uptake of EtBr and leakage of cellular materials suggest that A. lappa ethanol extract induced functional changes in C. albicans cell membranes. Incorporation of diphenylhexatriene (DPH) into membranes in the A. lappa-treated C. albicans cells at its MIC decreased to 84.8%, after 60 min of incubation, compared with that of the controls, indicate that there was a change in membrane dynamics. Moreover, the anticandidal effect of the A. lappa ethanol extract was enhanced at a growth temperature of 40℃ compared to that at 35℃. The above data suggest that the antifungal activity of the A. lappa ethanol extract against C. albicans is associated with synergistic action of membrane permeabilization due to changes in membrane dynamics and cell wall damage caused by reduced formation of (1,3)-β-D-glucan and chitin.