• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.201-206
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• 2006

Numerous investigators have studied various activities of natural products and have found that they have not only nutritional effects, but also beneficial properties to cure various diseases and to maintain good health. Job's Tear(Yul-Moo) is a grass crop that has long been used in traditional medicine and as a nourishing food. Although its mechanism of action remains unclear, Job's Tear has been reported to exhibit anti-inflammatory, stomachic, anti-allergic, and anti-spastic effects and has been used in China for the treatment of warts, rheumatism, and neuralgia. Previous results in our laboratory demonstrated that the ethanol extract and the water extract of Job's Tear exerted an immune regulatory function on mice cells in vitro. The present study was performed to investigate the ex vivo effect of Job's Tear on immune function. Seven to eight weeks old mice(Balb/c) were fed chow diet ad libitum and water extract of Job's Tear was administered orally every other day for four weeks at two different concentrations(50 and 500mg/kg B.W.). Splenocytes proliferation with mitogen stimulation with Con A and LPS was enhanced at 50 mg/kg B.W. of Job's Tear compared to those of the control group. The results of this ex vivo study showed that proliferation of splenocytes and macrophage activation were seen in the mice orally administrated 50 mg/kg B.W. of Job's Tear water extracts. In conclusion, this study suggests that Job's Tear extracts may enhance immune function by regulating splenocyte proliferation and the cytokine prodution capacity of activated macrophages in mice.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.122-125
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• 2001

A potential mechanism through which the jujube extract might produce a cholesterol-lowering effect was compared with that of tangerine peel extract in vivo. Two extracts were prepared using ethanol. Male rats were fed a high cholesterol (1%, w/w) lab chow with jujube extract (1.2%) or tangerine peel extract (6.3%, w/w) for 3 weeks. Activities of hepatic HMG-CoA reductase (289.6$\pm$12.9 and 296.7$\pm$11.6 nmole/min/mg vs. 347.9$\pm$17.5 nmole/min/mg) and ACAT (554.8$\pm$18.2 and 451.7$\pm$19.4 nmole/min/mg vs. 602.6$\pm$21.4 nmole/min/mg) were significantly lowered by both supplements compared to the control group. These two supplements also substantially reduced the concentrations of plasma cholesterol (103.3$\pm$15.9 and 101.6$\pm$19.4 mg/dL vs. 141.6$\pm$18.1 mg/dL) and triglyceride (61.3$\pm$5.5 and 55.5$\pm$3.9 mg/dL vs. 96.0$\pm$4.2 mg/dL). The inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase resulting from the supplementation of jujube or tangerine extracts could count for the reduction in plasma cholesterol. Accordingly, lipid-lowering action of both supplements appears to be similar in high-cholesterol fed rats.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.570-578
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• 2012

The present study investigated the effect of diets supplemented with different levels (0, 1, 3, and 5 %) of fig leaf ethanol extract (FLEE) on the nutritional composition of black rockfish Sebastes schlegeli. Fish ($10.05{\pm}0.44g$) were fed to apparent satiation twice daily for 8 weeks. Adding FLEE decreased crude lipid levels and increased crude protein and ash. Among the three organic acids in the whole body of black rockfish, lactic acid was predominant, followed by citric acid and oxalic acid. Five free sugars were found in all groups. Fucose and glucose were the dominant free sugars in the FLEE-added group. The abundant fatty acids in the FLEE-added group were C16:0, C18:1-cis (n9), and C22:6n-3. The major amino acids in the samples were glutamic acid, aspartic acid, glycine, leucine, alanine, lysine, and arginine. The abundant free amino acids in the FLEE-added group were taurine, glutamic acid, alanine, leucine, and arginine.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.189-198
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• 2020

Objectives : This study investigated the liver-protective effects of MJY2018, a Herbal formula, against alcoholic fatty liver disease and anti-oxidative effects. Methods : Its effects were investigated in an alcoholic fatty liver disease model in male C57BL/6 mice, which were fed Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet containing ethanol. MJY2018 (100 and 200 mg/kg bw/day) or silymarin (50 mg/kg bw/day) were orally administered daily in the alcoholic fatty liver disease mice for 16 days. Results : The results indicate that MJY2018 promotes hepatoprotection by significantly reducing aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) levels as indicators of liver damage in the serum. Furthermore, MJY2018 reduced accumulation of triglyceride and total cholesterol, increased levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) in the livers of the alcoholic fatty liver disease mice model. Additionally, it improved the serum alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity. Conclusions : These results indicate that MJY2018 were effective in improving and protecting oxidative stress and alcoholic liver disease.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.157-165
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• 2008

Cancer-preventive effects of ethanol extract of elm tree root (EEE) were investigated. In the in vitro cytotoxicity assay, colon cancer cells were incubated with a chloroform fraction of EEE (CF-EEE). CF-EEE significantly inhibited the proliferation of cells and induced apoptotic cell death in a dose-dependent manner. For the assessment of chemopreventive efficacy in vivo, male F344 rats were fed with EEE (0.5 or 1%) in diet for 8 weeks, and were subcutaneously injected with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) to induce colonic aberrant crypt foci (ACF). EEE (0.5 and 1%) significantly decreased both the numbers of AC (1191.1/colon) and ACF (529.3/colon) induced by DMH. In addition, in the Western blot analysis on the colonic mucosa, administration of EEE triggered expression of caspase-3, a key factor of an apoptotic cascade. These results suggest that extract of elm tree root may have potential chemopreventive principles that lead to apoptosis of cancer cells, and thereby suppress colorectal carcinogenesis during the initiation stage.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.121-126
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• 2007

Obesity is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. In our case study using animal models for disease states such as obesity or hypertension, we found that, Isaria sinclairii remarkably reduced body weight and ameliorated metabolic abnormalities in Zucker and SHR rats. Genetically obese (fa/fa) Zucker rats were one animal model chosen for this study. Four groups of rats received a standard diet and were treated orally with the following test samples daily for 8 weeks: saline (negative control), ethanol extracts of I. sinclairii, hot water extract of I. sinclairii, or $Xenical^{(R)}$ (30 mg/kg, positive control). Mild reductions (6.3%) in body weight gain were observed in the groups treated with the hot water extract of I. sinclairii compared to the control after 8 weeks. Interestingly, organ weight was greatly reduced by this Dongchunghacho (I. sinclairii), in parallel with the mild reductions in body weight gain and reductions in abdominal fat (adipose tissue). Also observed was a 4.1 % decrease in the ratio of heart weight/body weight compared to the control group. As a hypertensive animal model, SHR (spontaneously hypertensive rat) and WKY (Wistar Kyoto) rats were also administered these extracts for one month. Treatment with the hot water extract of I. sinclairii caused greater reductions in body weight gain for the SHR group (10.9%) compared to the WKY group's (5.2%). Based on these results, I. sinclairii extracts contain selective action for anti-obesity activity, naturally occurring candidate for regulation of body weight increase, as demonstrated in the present study.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.122-134
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• 2021

Recently, yogurt has been extensively studied to further enhance its functions using edible plant extracts. This study was conducted to investigate whether safflower petal (SP) as a natural food additive can be used to develop functional yogurt with improved health benefits. SPs were extracted with ethanol (SPE) and hot water (SPW), and then safflower yogurt was prepared by adding 0%-1.0% of those extracts to plain yogurt. With an increase in the fermentation duration, the pH of SPE and SPW yogurt samples was decreased, whereas titratable acidity and microbial counts were increased. The concentration of total polyphenols and total flavonoids, the activity of antioxidants, and the inhibitory effect on reactive oxygen species (ROS) were higher in SPW yogurt than SPE yogurt. Furthermore, α-glucosidase and lipase activity inhibitory effects of SPW yogurt were higher than those of SPE yogurt. In particular, free radical-scavenging activities, ROS inhibitory effect, and α-glucosidase activity inhibitory effects were significantly increased in SPW yogurt in a dose-dependent manner. Overall, these results suggest that SP extract possesses antioxidant activities and that it can downregulate α-glucosidase and lipase activities. The SP extract may have potential benefits as a natural food additive for the development of functional yogurt.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.774-782
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• 2006

연근 에탄올 추출물이 알코올 투여로 유발된 간 손상에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 흰쥐에게 기본식이군 (BD), 알코올 투여군 (ET), 기본식이와 연근 에탄올 추출물 저용량 (200 mg/kg) 투여군 (BD-LREL), 기본식이와 연근 에탄올 추출물 고용량 (400 mg/kg) 투여군 (BD-LREL), 알코올과 연근 에탄올 추출물 저용량 (200 mg/kg) 병합 투여군 (ET-LREL) 및 알코올과 연근 에탄올 추출물 고용량 (400 mg/kg) 병합 투여군 (ET-LREH)의 6군으로 나누어 6주간 사육하였다. 체중증가량은 알코올 단독 투여군 (ET)이 기본식이군 (BD)에 비하여 감소되었으나 유의차가 없었다. 알코올과 연근 에탄올 추출물 저용량 (ET-LREL)과 고용량(ET-LREH) 병합 투여군은 알코올 투여로 감소된 체중을 기본식이군 (BD)에 근접하게 증가시켰다. 식이효율은 알코올 단독 투여군 (ET)이 기본식이군 (BD)에 비하여 유의하게 저하되었으나, 알코올 단독 투여군 (ET)을 제외한 모든 실험군의 식이효율은 유사하였다. 알코올 투여로 증가된 혈청 중 AST, ALT및 ALP 활성은 연근 에탄올 추출물 경구 투여로 저하되었다. 간조직 중 XO 활성은 알코올 단독투여군 (ET)이 기본식이군 (BD)에 비하여 유의하게 증가되었고 연근 에탄올 추출물 투여로 알코올 투여로 증가된 XO 활성을 용량 의존적으로 감소시켰다. 간조직 중 SOD와 GSH-Px 활성은 알코올 단독 투여군 (ET)이 기본식이군 (BD)에 비하여 현저히 증가되었는데 이는 알코올 투여로 생성된 활성 산소를 소거하려는 생리 적응 현상으로 사료되며, 연근 에탄올 추출물 투여로 SOD 활성이 용량 의존적으로 유의하게 감소하였다. 간조직 중 catalase 활성도 알코올 단독 투여군 (ET)이 기본식이군 (BD)에 비하여 유의하게 증가되었으나 연근 에탄올 추출물 투여로 증가된 활성을 용량 의존적으로 감소시켰지만 유의차는 없었다. 간조직 중 GSH 함량은 알코올 단독 투여군 (ET)이 기본식이군 (BD)에 비하여 유의하게 감소되었으며, 알코올과 연근 에탄올 추출물 고용량 투여군 (ET-LREH)은 알코올 투여로 감소된 GSH 함량을 기본식이군 (BD)에 근접토록 증가시켰다. 간조직 중 과산화지질 함량은 알코올 단독 투여군 (ET)이 기본식이군 (BD)에 비하여 증가되었으나, 알코올과 연근 에탄올 추출물 고용량 병합 투여군 (ET-LREH)은 알코올 투여로 증가된 과산화지질 함량을 유의하게 저하시켰다. 이상의 결과 연근 에탄올 추출물은 알코올 투여로 증가된 혈청 AST, ALT 및 ALP 활성과 간조직의 과산화지질 함량, XO, SOD, GSH-Px 및 catalase 활성을 저하시켜 알코올로 유도된 지방간 및 손상된 간조직을 보호하는 항산화효과가 있는 것으로 추정된다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.939-948
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• 2008

삼나물 에탄올 추출물이 streptozotocin으로 유발한 쥐의 당뇨증상과 산화적 스트레스에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 실험군은 정상군(NC), 당뇨군(DM), 당뇨유발 후 식이에 삼나물 에탄올 추출물을 0.3%를 첨가한 식이군(SA), 당뇨유발 후 식이에 삼나물 에탄올 추출물을 0.6% 첨가한 식이군(SB)으로 구분하여 5주간 사육하였다. SA군과 SB군은 NC군에는 미치지 못하였으나, 당뇨로 인해 초래되는 병리적 증상인 체중 감소, 식이섭취량 및 음용수 섭취량의 증가, 식이효율저하, 간장 및 신장 무게의 증가 현상을 개선하는 효과가 있었다. 실험식이로 5주간 사육한 당뇨쥐의 혈당은 DM군에 비하여 $17.9{\sim}27.2%$를 감소시켰으며 fructosamine의 함량은 $25.6{\sim}32.6%$를 감소시켰다. 또한, 당뇨로 인하여 증가된 alanine aminotransferase(ALT)와 aspartate aminotransferase(AST) 활성을 각각 25.6 및 30.3% 감소시켰다. SA 및 SB군은 DM군에 비하여 혈청 중성지질은 $42.37{\sim}55.51%$ 감소, total cholesterol 함량은 $26.85{\sim}30.44%$ 감소, HDL-cholesterol 함량은 $13.01{\sim}17.35%$ 증가, LDL-cholesterol 함량은 $37.29{\sim}39.11%$가 감소하였다. SA 및 SB군의 xanthine oxidoreductase의 total type, O type 및 O/T(%)은 DM군에 비하여 유의적으로 감소하였으며 간 조직 glutathione함량은 유의적으로 증가 lipid peroxide 함량은 유의적으로 감소시켰다. Superoxide dismutase와 glutathione S-transferase 활성도 DM군에 비하여 각각 $56.84{\sim}94.90%$ 및 $57.14{\sim}68.92%$를 증가시켰다. 이상의 실험 결과 삼나물 에탄을 추출물은 STZ로 유도한 당뇨쥐의 고혈당을 완화시킴과 동시에 ROS 생성계를 억제하고 ROS 소거계를 활성화시킴으로써 당뇨를 경감시키는 효과가 있는 것으로 사료된다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.196-204
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• 2009

당뇨병 치료 및 예방에 전통적으로 사용되어온 생약 및 식품 소재로 구성된 생약복합제인 백강잠, 산약, 쥐눈이콩, 청국장가루의 복합물을 대상으로 실험관 및 동물실험을 통하여 혈당강하 효과를 확인하였다. 생약복합제 $H_2O$추출물은 당흡수에 관여하는 $\alpha$-glucosidase효소를 비교약물인 acarbose ($IC_{50}$=0.39 mg/mL)과 비교하여 1/3배 정도의 활성을 보였으며 ($IC_{50}$=1.24 mg/mL), ethanol추출물은 인슐린 내성에 관여하는 $PTP1{\beta}$ 효소작용을 ($IC_{50}=498.46{\mu}g$/mL) 효과적으로 억제하였다. $PTP1{\beta}$ 효소를 억제하는 n-hexane 분획을 대상으로 하여 GC-MS로 성분 분석한 결과 지방산유도체인 것으로 나타났다. 고지방식이와 저용량 STZ (35 mg/kg)으로 유발시킨 당뇨모델에서 OGTT 실험결과 비교약물인 rosiglitazone(당부하 30분 후 평균 60 mg/dL 의 감소)과 생약복합제 투여군의 경구 당부하능 개선효과를(당부하 30분 후 평균 30 mg/dL의 감소) 확인하였다. 또한, 대사성 증후군 모델에서는 체중증가의 감소 효과와 공복혈당의 증가를 현저히 억제함을 확인하였으며, OGTT에서도 후반부에 현저한 경구당부하능 개선 효과를 관찰 할 수 있었다. 이 결과를 바탕으로 산약, 백강잠, 쥐눈이콩, 청국장으로 조제한 생약복합제는 당뇨 및 대사성 증후군의 혈당을 조절하는 데 도움을 줄 수 있을 것이라 판단된다.