• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.457-461
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• 2018

Corpus luteum (CL) is a transient endocrinal tissue that undergoes repeated formation and regression during the estrous cycle. In this study, we hypothesized that the functional and structural mechanism of angiogenesis is similar between CL and tumor formation. First, we measured mRNA and protein expression of angiogenic receptors (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2, VEGFR2; Tie 2) in the early, middle, and late phase CL tissues during the estrous cycle. Ral-interacting protein of 76 kDa (RLIP76) and H-ras mRNA and protein were also expressed in the CL tissues. VEGFR2 and Tie 2 mRNA and protein were expressed in the early and middle phase CLs and decreased in the late phase. H-ras mRNA and protein were expressed in the early and middle phase CLs, but not in the late phase. RLIP76 mRNA was expressed in all phase CLs, and the protein expression was highest in early phase CLs. We suggest that RLIP76 and H-ras, an oncogenic gene, regulate the function of the CL during the estrous cycle, and the proteins will play an important role in the angiogenic mechanism of the CL.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Embryo Transfer Conference
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• 2006.10a
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• pp.64-64
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• 2006

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.229-232
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• 1997

Effects of short-term treatment with somidobove (recombinantly produced bovine somatotropin, BST) on estrous cyclicity and fertility were studied in dairy buffaloes. Twenty buffaloes of Nili-Ravi breed calving during the same season were assigned to either control (n=8) or treated group (n=12). The buffaloes of treated group received single infection (prolonged release) of 320 mg of somidobove on day-60 postpartum. The mean values for interval to first postpartum estrus, first service conception rate, services per conception, service period and calving interval for the treated group were 96.4 days, 66.7%, 1.70, 164 days and 473 days, respectively. The corresponding values for the control group were 92.5 days, 62.5%, 1.87, 135 days and 439 days. Means of all variables did not differ between control and treated group (p > 0.05). Three buffaloes of the control and four buffaloes of the treated group did not conceive at first service. Out of these, two buffaloes of control and one buffalo of treated group exhibited normal estrous cycles. It is concluded from these data that short term BST-treatment has no adverse effect on reproductive functions of dairy buffaloes.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.57-68
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• 1982

Cyclical changes in the fine structures of endometrial stroma of guinea pig during the estrous cycle were studied by electron microscopy. Cytochemical studies were made in order to investigate the ultrastructural localization of the acid phosphatase,alkaline phosphatase and ATPase in these cells. The results obtained are as follows: 1. During estrus collagen fibers were most abundant in the stroma. The stromal cells showed increases in the number of several cytoplasmic organelles, especially the rough endoplasmic reticulum was significantly increased and the structures were greatly differentiated. 2. Many cytoplasmic processes and cell debris have been distributed in the stroma of metestrus. The distributions were increased and degenerated mitochondria were observed during diestrus. 3. Cytochemical studies indicated that during metestrus and diestrus acid phosphatase activities were localized in the degenerating collagen fibers. Alkaline phosphatase activities were weak in the collegen fibers during proestrus and estrus which intense activities were localized around the cell membrane during metestrus and diestrus. ATPase activities were present on the cell membrane and intercellular space of stromal cell during proestrus and estrus.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.349-353
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between estrous expression, body condition score (BCS), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and number of transferable embryos for the purpose of improving reproductive performance in blood of Hanwoo donors. Sixty, at random stages of the estrous cycle, received a CIDR. Four days later, the animals were superovulated with a total of 28AU FSH (Antorin, 2AU=1 ml) administered twice daily in constant doses over 4 days. On the 3th administration of FSH, CIDR was withdrawn and 25 mg PGF2 ${\alpha}$ was administered. Cows were artificially inseminated twice after estrous detection at 12 hr intervals. The cows received 100 ${\mu}g$ GnRH at the time of 1nd insemination. Embryos were recovered 7 or 8 days after the 1st insemination. The estrous inducement rate and estrous expression rate were significantly lower for cows with BCS below 2.25 than for cows with BCS above 2.25. There was 50.0% of rate of mounting in cows with BCS below 2.25 whereas the rate of mounting was markedly increased in cows with BCS above 2.25 (94.1% and 89.5% for BCS 2.25~2.75 and BCS above 2.75 cows, respectively). Cows with BCS <2.25, 2.25~2.75 and ${\geq}$2.75 had number of transferable embryos of $4.5{\pm}0.7$, $5.9{\pm}1.8$ and $5.6{\pm}2.3$ respectively.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.77-82
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• 2000

This study was conducted to establish the methods of ultrasound-guided transvaginal retrieval of oocytes (ovum pick-up) in Korean native, Hanwoo Heifers. To obtain the basic data about Hanwoo, the size of ovaries in luteal and follicular phases were measured and the number of follicles in ovaries during the estrus cycle was counted by using ultrasound. And to determine the effective anesthetic to Hanwoo, various mixture of anesthetic compounds, Rompun(equation omitted), lidocaine, Monzal(equation omitted), and Domosedan(equation omitted), were treated. The size of Hanwoo ovaries were not significant differently between luteal and follicular phases. The number of medium and small follicles were peak on day 3 and 12 of the estrous cycle, and this result suggested that Hanwoo has 2 follicular growth waves per estrus cycle. The most effective anesthetic method was intramuscular injection of a.3m! Rompun(equation omitted), epidural injection of 5$m\ell$ lidocaine and sprayed cervix by 2$m\ell$ lidocaine.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.626-631
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• 2005

Nitric oxide (NO) derived from inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is involved in cell apoptosis, which contributes to luteal regression and luteolysis in some species. In large domestic animals, no direct evidence for the relationship between NO and cell apoptosis in the process of corpus luteum regression is reported. The present study was conducted to investigate the localization of iNOS on porcine corpora lutea (CL) during the oestrus cycle and its relation to cell DNA fragmentation and CL regression. According to morphology, four luteal phases throughout the estrous cycle were defined as CL1, CL2, CL3 and CL4. By isoform-specific antibody against iNOS, the immunochemial staining was determined. Luteal cell DNA fragmentation was determined by flow cytometry. The results showed that no positive staining for iNOS was in CL1 and that iNOS was produced but limited to the periphery of CL2, while in the CL3, the spreading immunochemical staining was found inside the CL. No iNOS positive staining was detected in CL4. Meanwhile, DNA fragmentation increased dramatically when CL developed from CL2 to CL3 (p<0.05). In CL4, higher proportion of luteal cells still had fragmented DNA than that of luteal cells from CL1 or CL2 (p<0.05). These results indicate that iNOS expression is closely related to luteal cell apoptosis and then to luteal regression.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.789-792
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• 2006

Two separate trials were conducted to determine the effects of uterine priming prior to first breeding and quantify any changes in the reproductive efficiency of gilts. In trial I twelve (12) gilts were randomly assigned to 3 treatments:T1:infusion of distilled water (control), T2: single infusion of killed semen (KS1), and T3: double infusion of killed semen (KS2). Each treatment had 4 breeding gilts which were bred by natural insemination (NI). In trial II, another set of 12 breeding gilts were randomly allotted to the same treatments and were subsequently bred by artificial insemination (AI). Infusions, through the use of AI catheters, were done during the $2^{nd}$ estrous cycle for T1 and T2, whereas infusions for T3 were made during the $1^{st}$ and $2^{nd}$ cycles. Regular breeding was subsequently made during the $3^{rd}$ estrous cycle. All gilts that returned to cycle were rebred within the 30-day period. In trial I (natural breeding), total piglets born was higher (p<0.05) in T2 (12.75 piglets) and T3 (11.75 piglets) than in the control (10.5 piglets). T3 obtained the highest (p<0.05) litter size (10.25 piglets) and heaviest litter weight (74.12 kg) at 28 days weaning, followed by T2 (9.80 piglets and 65.0 kg, respectively). The control yielded the lowest (p<0.05) litter size (7.50) and the lightest litter weight (47.00 kg) at weaning. For Trial II gilts (artificially inseminated), T3 gave higher (p<0.05) litter size born alive (10.88 piglets), total piglets born (11.72 piglets) and live litter weight at birth (15.30 kg) than those of T2 and the control. These results indicate that prebreeding intrauterine infusion of killed boar semen, either single or double, improved the reproductive performance of gilts.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.227-234
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• 2015

The objective of this study was to investigate the expression of bovine luteum expressed sequence tags (ESTs), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) and the presence of functional ESTs in the bovine corpus luteum (CL) during different stages of the estrus cycle. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis showed a difference in the expression of ESTs during the CL stage. Concentration of ESTs in the CL tissue increased significantly from the mid-luteal stage and decreased thereafter. RT-PCR analysis showed higher levels of the EST genes in the CL of the mid-luteal stage than in other stages, and the same level of expression of VEGF. Immunohistochemistry analysis of the tissue from CL formation to regression showed low cytosol and aggregation of the nucleus. And activity caspase 3 (apoptosis detector) was most strongly detected in the CL1 stage of bovine. During the estrous cycle, the cytosol was magnified and differentiation of the nucleus was clearly manifested. The ESTs affected the CL, and the relationship between VEGF and TNFR1 played a pivotal role for CL development and activation, dependent on the stage of CL. These results suggest local production of ESTs, the presence of functional ESTs in the bovine CL, and that ESTs play a role in regulating the function of cell death in bovine CL.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.383-387
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• 1999

Objective: There is increasing evidence for the expression of rat in gene in several extrapituitary sites including testis and ovary. We also have demonstrated that the local LH expression in the rat epididymis and uterus, the major accessory sex organs in male and female reproductive system, respectively. Design: The present study was undertaken to elucidate whether the gene for LH receptor is expressed in rat uterus and whether the expressions of uterine LH and its receptor are differentially regulated during estrous cycle. Presence of the transcripts for rat LH receptor in the rat uterine tissue were confirmed by touchdown reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results: In $LH{\beta}$ semi-quantitative RT-PCR, the highest expression level was shown in estrus stage. The level of ill receptor transcripts was also fluctuated during estrous cycle. In ovariectomized rats (OVX + Oil), the expressions of both uterine LH and LH-R were markedly reduced when compared to those from normal rats. Supplement with estradiol $17{\beta}$ to the ovariectomized rats (OVX + $E_2$) restored the expression levels of LH and its receptor to the levels in uteri from normal rats. Conclusion: Our findings indicated that 1) LH and its receptor gene are expressed in the rat uterus from cycling rats, 2) the expression of uterine LH and its receptor is mainly, if not all, under the control of ovarian sex steroid(s). These results suggested that the uterine LH may act as a local regulator with auto and/or paracrine manner, though the posibility that the pituitary LH may act directly on the regulation of uterine functions could not be discarded.