• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1994.04a
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• pp.311-311
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• 1994

어류를 이용한 화학물질의 독성평가 방법 및 기작에 관한 연구의 일환으로 암수동체 점박이 송사리에서 N-methyl-N'-nitrosourea (NMU)에 의해 유발되고 여성 호르몬의 일종인 17$\beta$-estradiol (E$_2$)에 의해 촉진유도된 갑상선 종양의 조직학적 특징을 광학 현미경과 전자현미경 수준에서 조사하였다. 본 연구에서 유도된 갑상선 종양은 광학현미경 수준에서 포유류와 유사하게 hyperplasia형, medullary형, papillae형, follicle형, 그리고 papillae형과 follicle형의 혼합형으로 구분할 수 있었다. 전자현미경 관찰 결과 미토콘드리아의 변형, 핵의 크기 증가 및 핵내 세포질 봉입체 함입등의 특징이 인간을 포함한 포유류의 양상과 매우 유사하였다. 이상의 결과는 본 종이 신약의 갑상선 종양유발성을 검증하는데 매우 유용한 실험동물 모델임을 시사한다.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.163-170
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• 2000

This study was conducted to examine the effects of recombinant Bovine Somatotropin (rBST), vitamin E(Vit. E) and selenium (Se) administration on the blood chemical values and hormone concentrations of serum in Hanwoo sires. Hanwoo sires were randomly assigned to five groups; 1) control, 2) rBST,0.09mg/kg body weight (BW), 3) Vit E, 1,500IU/kg BW, 4) Se 0.1mg/kg BW, 5) Vit E, 1,500IU plus Se 0.1mg/kg BW. rBST, Vit. E and Se for each experimental group were given 6 times at 15 days interval by intermuscular injection. Blood samples were collected ten times for experimental periods and separated the serum by centrifugation and stored into deep freezer. The concentration of albumin was the highest in Se group than those of any other groups (P＜0.05) and Vit. E plus Se group was significantly higher than in the control and rBST groups (P＜0.05). The concentrations of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine were significantly higher in rBST group than any other groups (P＜0.05). The concentration of total protein in rBST, Se and Vit. E plus Se groups were significantly higher than in control group (P＜0.05). The concentrations of calcium, cholesterol,, glucose, inorganic phosphorus and triglycerides in serum were not difference in all experimental groups (P＞0.05). The concentration of estradiol was slightly higher in Se and Vit. E plus Se groups than those of any other groups, but not significantly difference among the experimental groups (P＜0.05). The concentration of testosterone was not affected by the administration of rBST, Vit. E and Se.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.115-121
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• 2010

The in vitro effects of nonylphenol (NP) and 2,2',4,6,6'-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB104) on ovarian steroidogenesis of the ribbed gunnel, Dictyosoma burgeri were investigated. Oocytes taken during maturation stage were incubated with 100 ng/$m{\ell}$ of NP and PCB104 in the presence of exogenous precursor, $[^3H]-17{\alpha}$-hydroxyprogesterone ($[^3H]-17{\alpha}OHP$). Steroids were extracted from the media and the isolated oocytes, and the extracts were separated and identified by thin layer chromatography. The identities of the major metabolites were testosterone (T) and estradiol-$17{\beta}$ (E2). NP treatment inhibited production of E2 metabolite in the oocytes of 1.2, 1.3 and 1.4 mm although NP inhibited production of T metabolite at the oocytes of 1.1, 1.3 and 1.4 mm. PCB104 treatment inhibited production of T metabolite in the oocytes of all groups and E2 metabolite in the oocytes of 1.2, 1.3 and 1.4 mm. In conclusion, these results suggested that NP and PCB104 had an inhibitory effects on conversion of $[^3H]-17{\alpha}OHP$ to T and E2 during the oocyte maturation process of ribbed gunnel.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.333-344
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• 2019

In vertebrate reproductive system, estrogen receptor (ER) plays a pivotal role in mediation of estrogenic signaling pathways. In the present study, we report the cDNA cloning, expression analysis, and transcriptional activity of ERβ1 subtype from medaka Oryzias dancena. The deduced O. dancena ERβ1 (odERβ1; 519 amino acids) contained six characteristic A/B to E/F domains with very short activation function 2 region (called AF2). A phylogenetic analysis indicated that odERβ1 was highly conserved among teleost ERβ1 subgroup. A conventional RT-PCR revealed that the odERβ1 transcripts were widely distributed in the multiple tissues, the ovary, brain, gill, intestine, kidney, and muscle. Further, the relatively higher odERβ1 expressions in the ovary and brain were clearly reproduced in RT-qPCR assay. When HA-fused odERβ1 expression vector was transfected into HEK293 cells, an immunoreactivity for odERβ1 was mainly detected in the nucleus part. Finally, an estrogen responsive element driven luciferase reporter assays demonstrated that the transcriptional activity of odERβ1 significantly increased by estradiol-17β (E2) in a dose dependent manner (p<0.05). However, fold-activation of odERβ1 in the presence of E2 was markedly weak, when it compared with those of O. latipes ERβ1. Taken together, these data suggest that odERβ1 represents a functional variant of teleost ERβ subtype and provides a basic tool allowing future studies examining the function of F domain of ERβ1 subtype and expanding our knowledge of ERβ evolution.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.64-70
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• 2014

Objectives The purpose of this study is to find out how taking oriental herbal medicine may affect the sex hormone levels in a patient who was diagnosed with prematurity. Methods We prescribed 120 cc of oriental herbal medicine twice daily for a month to a patient suspected of the precocious puberty due to 11 pg/ml of the estradiol level. Upon finishing the course of oriental herbal medicine, the patient was retested for the follicular stimulating hormone, luteinizng hormone and estradiol levels. Results After administration, all levels of luteininzing hormone, follicular stimulating hormone and estradiol were decreased. There was no diagnosable evidence for the idiopathic central precocious puberty in the gonadotropin releasing hormone stimulation. Conclusions Oriental herbal medicine is a good alternative treatment of choice for the precocious puberty. However, more in-depth studies are to be followed.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.21-27
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• 2018

Background: Examination of the effects of deer antler, old antler, and antler glue on postmenopausal osteoporosis in an ovariectomized Sprague-Dawley rat model. Methods: The study involved 7 experimental groups; SHAM (sham-operated rats), OVX (ovariectomized rats), E2 (ovariectomized rats with estradiol $10{\mu}g/kg$ daily, orally), DA (ovariectomized rats with deer antler extract 5.83 mg/kg), OA (ovariectomized rats with old antler extract 3.8 mg/kg), low-AG (ovariectomized rats with low dose of antler glue powder 12.5 mg/kg), high-AG (ovariectomized rats with high dose of antler glue powder 37.5 mg/kg). After 6 weeks of treatment, body weight, blood calcium, phosphorus, estradiol, liver [alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT)] and kidney [blood urea nitrogen (BUN)/creatinine ratio] function, and femoral bone mineral density (BMD) were measured. Results: The body weights of DA, OA, low-AG, and high-AG groups did not significantly differ from OVX group. Blood estradiol levels were significantly increased in the DA, low-AG, and high-AG groups compared to the OVX group. Blood calcium, phosphorus, ALP, AST, and ALT levels and BUN/creatinine ratio did not show significant changes in the DA, OA, low-AG, and high-AG groups. BMDs of the femur, and femoral head and neck were significantly increased in the low-AG group. In the OA group, the BMD of the femoral head and neck was significantly increased. Conclusion: Treatment with deer antler, or antler glue for 6 weeks was effective for increasing estradiol and femoral BMD in ovariectomized rats, suggesting that this may be of therapeutic benefit for osteoporosis.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.24-29
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• 1998

Effect of extracellular calcium in vitellogenin (VTG) production in response to estradiol-17 $\beta$ $(E_2,\;2\times10^{-6}M)$ was examined in primary hepatocyte culture of rainbow trout, Onchorhynchus mykiss. Total calcium in estrogenized sera significantly increased, compared with the control, while diffusible calcium was insignificant. However, diffusible calcium in the incubation medium with $E_2$ was significantly reduced, compared with the control. The uptake of extracellular calcium by cultured hepatocytes signifIcantly increased 90 min after $E_2$ addition. Moreover, the accumulation of intracellular calcium increased in the cultures with $E_2$, regardless of the calcium concentrations in the incubation media. In addition, $E_2-primed $ VTG production was significantly decreased by withdrawal of E_2$ from the incubation medium. Moreover, VTG production by $E_2-primed$ hepatocytes was reduced by removing calcium from the incubation medium with or without $E_2$. These results suggest that the entry of extracellular calcium into the cytoplasm is an important step for VTG production in primary hepatocyte cultures in rainbow trout.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.31-37
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• 2013

Purpose: Maxilla and mandible have different patterns of cortical and trabecular bone and different bone mineral densities, even though both are components of the jaw bone. However, cellular differences between maxilla- and mandible derived osteoblasts (OBs) have rarely been studied. We hypothesize that maxilla- and mandible-derived OBs show different responses to $17{\beta}$-estradiol (E2), which is one of the critical factors for bone formation. This study compares skeletal site-specific cell responses between maxilla- and mandible-derived human OBs to E2. Methods: Maxilla- and mandible-derived OBs derived from an identical donor were separately isolated from a total of five normal healthy subjects aged 18~44 years old, cultured with a treatment of 100 nM estrogen. The responses between maxilla- and mandible-derived OBs to E2 were evaluated and compared using cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and gene expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG), ALP, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and estrogen receptor ${\alpha}$ ($ER{\alpha}$). Results: E2 did not have any distinct effects on the proliferation of both types of OBs. Mandible-derived OBs exhibited higher ALP activity than maxilla-derived OBs in the non-treated condition, which was common in all tested individuals. ALP activities of both types of OBs showed a minor increasing tendency with the treatment of E2, even though there was no statistical significance in some specimens. The gene expression of OB by E2 was diverse, depending on the individuals. There was increased expression of OPG, IGF-1, or $ER{\alpha}$ gene in the part of subjects, which was more repeated in maxilla-derived OBs. In particular, OPG or ALP induction by E appeared less frequently in mandible-derived OBs. Conclusion: Current results revealed that E2 affects maxilla- and mandible-derived OBs into facilitating the osteogenic process despite individual differences. Mandible-derived OBs are less sensitive to bone-forming gene expression by E2.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.1-16
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• 2005

Purpose : This study is to examine what are the effects of the Guisinhwan(GSH) on the ovulation and ovary in rats. Methods : 4weeks Female Sprague-Dawley 12 rats of weighting 160-l80g, were divided into three groups including the GSH oral administration(4ml/kg) groups(4heads) and GSH oral administration(8ml/kg)　groups(4heads). Then we observed changes in the serum concentrations of FSH, LH, and estradiol($E_2$) and the histological changes of ovary and the immunohistochemical staining for progesterone receptor in ovary of rats. Results : 1. GSH didn't make a difference as compared with control group in serum FSH level. 2. GSH didn't make a difference as compared with control group in serum LH level. 3. GSH significantly increased serum $E_2$ level. 4. GSH significantly increased ovulation in histological observations of ovary. 5. GSH tended to decrease immunohistochemical staining score (ISS) of atretic follicles in immunohistochemical staining for progesterone receptor in ovary. Conclusion : GSH influences ovary to increase the ovulation of rats.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.259-269
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• 1996

To establish whether or not androgens is responsible for the induction of vitellogenin(Vg) synthesis and secretion, primary hepatocytes prepared from immature eels were used. The results are follows: 1. Eel hepatocytes were prepared using a collagenase perfusion technique. The isolated cells attached efficiently to fibronectin-coated dishes and subsequently formed monolayers in serum-free medium. These cultures maintained in medium for 10 days with minimal cell loss. 2. Estradiol-17$\beta$(E2) alone was insufficient to induce Vg synthesis. The combination of E2 with methyltestosterone(MT) markedly stimulated Vg synthesis. High vg production occurred in MT concentration from 10-6~10-5M in the presence of E2 (10-6M). Testosterone and androsterone were also effective, but progesterone was not effective in inducing Vg synthesis. Neither MT alone nor testosterone and androsterone alone had any effect on Vg synthesis. 3. E2-primed hepatocytes showed Vg synthesis in both media with and without hormones 1 day after culture. In the cultures with the vehicle, MT, or progesterone, the rate of synthesis seemed to decrease with time. But the combination of E2 and MT showed an intense increase in Vg synthesis. Hepatocytes isolated from E2-primed eels also required androgens for continuating of Vg synthesis. 4. These results demonstrate that androgens act together with E2 in synthesis and secretion of eel Vg.