• Advances in concrete construction
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.527-536
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• 2020

In this study, a process is proposed to calculate analytical correction values for the vertical shortening of all columns on all floors in a high-rise building that minimizes the error between the structural analysis predictions and values measured during construction. The weight ratio and the most probable value were accordingly considered based on the properties of the shortening value analyzed at several points in each construction stage and the distance between these measured points and unmeasured points at which the shortening was predicted. The effective range and shortening value normalization were considered using the column grouping concept. These tools were applied to calculate the error ratio between the predicted and measured values on a floor where a measured point exists, and then determine the estimated error ratio and estimated error value for the unmeasured point using this error ratio. At points on a floor where no measured point exists, the estimated error ratio and the estimated error value were calculated by applying the most probable value considering the weight ratio for the nearest floor where measured points exist. In this manner, the error values and estimated error values can be determined at all points in a structure. Then, the analytical correction value, defined as this error or estimated error value, was applied by adding it to the predicted value. Finally, the adequacy of the proposed correction method was verified against measurements by applying the analytical corrections to all unmeasured points based on the points where the measurement exists.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.148-153
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• 2009

Purpose: The osmolar gap increases in proportion to the ethanol level. Some previous studies have shown that the correlation between the osmolar gap and the ethanol level is weak in trauma patient by using an indirect comparison with other patients. We conducted a direct comparison of the correlation of the osmolar gap to the ethanol level between trauma patients and non-trauma patients. We also analyzed the accuracy of the estimated ethanol level between the two groups. Methods: The research candidates were adult patients who had visited the emergency department of our hospital from December 2003 to November 2008. By using a retrospective chart review, we classified them into three subgroups: non-trauma without shock, trauma without shock, and trauma with shock. In each group, we compared the correlation between the osmolar gap and the measured ethanol level, and we analyzed the accuracy of the estimated ethanol level by using Lin's concordance correlation coefficient. Results: Four hundred forty-seven patients were enrolled in this study. For correlation of the osmolar gap and the measured ethanol level, Pearson's correlation coefficient was 0.916 in all patients, 0.939 in non-trauma without shock patients, 0.917 in trauma without shock patients, and 0.844 in trauma with shock patients. In the analysis of the accuracy of the estimated ethanol level by using Lin's concordance correlation coefficient, the accuracy in trauma with shock patients was lower than that in non-trauma without shock patients. Conclusion: We found that the correlation between the osmolar gap and the measured ethanol level in the patient group with trauma was lower than it was in the patient group without trauma. Moreover trauma patients with shock had a lower accuracy of the estimated ethanol level than non-trauma patients.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.194.2-194.2
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• 2011

Heating and cooling performance has been analyzed for the water-source heat pump system using raw water from Daechung reservoir. During heating operation from March to May, water temperature is not good condition for a heat source due to the higher atmospheric temperature. Avearged heating load ratio is only 14.3%, and the averaged unit COP and system COP are estimated to be 2.46 and 2.15 respectively. The COP is affected considerably by the water temperature, and the unit COP is increased from 2.16 at $5^{\circ}C$ to 2.95 at $11^{\circ}C$. Cooling performance is analyzed with the measured data from June to August. During cooling operation, raw water has lower temperature by 4. $5^{\circ}C{\sim}4.7^{\circ}C$ than the atmosphere. The load ratio is 39.2%, and the averaged unit COP and system COP are estimated to be 7.25 and 6.13 respectively. The heating COP is affected by the load ratio rather than water temperature. The COP is increased for 20%~40% load ratio, while is decreased for 40%~60% load ratio. It is estimated that the compressor operation combination for 3 (two constant speed and one inverter) compressors is changed for the load ratio.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2019.11a
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• pp.184-185
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to suggest the improved methods for cost sharing in apartment remodeling projects. Case studies on apartment remodeling projects with different plan type were analyzed and compared. Cost sharing estimated by 'proportional rate method' shows similar results estimated by 'return on investment method' in case of similar area ratio of existing plan to remodeling plan. Otherwise cost sharing estimated by 'proportional rate method' shows great differences comparing the results estimated by 'return on investment method'. Although return on 'proportional rate method' is widely used, it is not proper to estimate cost sharing when each householder's contribution for the project varies, such as considerable differences area ratio of existing plan to remodeling plan. Improved cost sharing method is needed taking into account project contribution and characteristics.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers Conference
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• 1996.03a
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• pp.47-51
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• 1996

Unsteady-state temperature distributions and thermal deformations of a spindle system are studied in this paper. Three dimensional model is built for analysis, and the amount of heat generation of bearing and the thermal characteristic values including heat transfer coefficient are estimated. Temperature distributions and thermal deformations of a model are analyzed using the finite element method and the termal boundary values. Numerical results are compared with the measured data. The results show that thermal deformations and temperature distributions of a high precision spindle system can be reasonably estimated using the three dimensional model and the finite element method.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.106-109
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• 2002

In order to delineate the flow system of fractured hard rock aquifer, numerical experiments are conducted and the results are analyzed with Mote Carlo simulation. The results show that the percolation threshold and the effective conductivity of a fracture network can be estimated with power law exponent (a) and fracture intensity. But the dependability of the estimated value relies on the percolation threshold, the system scale, and the characterization level.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.06a
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• pp.721-724
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• 2007

Estimating of LFG emission rate has been well established. But, relatively short history of LFG extraction in Korea, the data and the formular have not been well compared and analyzed. Here, even though the operation period of extraction for Daegu Bangcheon-ri is short, the relevant correlation between estimated and the actual has been tried to find. Hopefully, this will be a guideline for the future LFG forecasting.

• International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.60-67
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• 2004

For improving the motion accuracy of hydrostatic tables, a corrective machining algorithm is proposed in this paper. The algorithm consists of three main processes. The reverse analysis is performed firstly to estimate the rail profile from the measured linear and angular motion error, in the algorithm. For the next step, the corrective machining information is obtained based upon the estimated rail pronto. Finally, the motion errors on the correctively machined rail are analyzed by using the motion error analysis method. These processes are iterated until the analyzed motion errors are satisfactory within the target accuracy. In order to verify the validity of the algorithm theoretically, the motion errors calculated by the estimated rail after the corrective machining process, are compared with those by the true rail which is previously assumed as the initially measured value. The motion errors calculated using the estimated rail show good agreement with the assumed values, and it is shown that the algorithm is effective in acquiring the corrective machining information to improve the accuracy of hydrostatic tables.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.703-706
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• 2004

Tropospheric parameters, in the form of Total Zenith Delay (TZD) corrections, were estimated with the current GPS network of Korea. We estimated the TZD using the Korea Astronomy Observatory GPS Network of nine permanent stations. About four years of data were processed to get the continuous time series of the TZD. The longest time series is obtained from the site DAEJ, which has been in operation for about 10 years. We analyzed the seasonal and annual signals in the TZD estimates at DAEJ and spatial correlations among eight sites.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.27-35
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• 1985

This study was carried out to determine the optimum size and number of farm machines for various sizes of land coverage of the cooperative farm machinery utilization systems in Korea-namely Saemaul Mechanized Farming Group (SMFG). Fifty-one SMFG were selected from 8 counties in Chonnam province, and ownership, operation and management of farm machinery were surveyed. Annual covered area, cost and the break-even-point area of farm machinery were analyzed on the bases of the surveyed data and the present governmental subsidy policy, and then the optimum level of farm machinery ownership was determined. The results are summarized as follows: 1. The break-even-point areas of the tractors of 22-23ps, 28ps and 47-50ps were estimated as 12.1ha, 15.3ha and 21.6ha, respectively. The optimum size of a tractor for land sizes of 10-20ha, 20-30ha, and 30-40ha were estimated as 22-23ps, 28ps, and 47-50ps, respectively. 2. The break-even-point area of a rice transplanter was estimated as 3.3ha. The optimum numbers of rice transplanter for land sizes of 10-20ha, 20-30ha, and 30-40ha were estimated as 2,3, and 4, respectively. 3. The break-even-point areas of a speed sprayer (attached on power tiller) and a power sprayer were estimated as 114.6ha and 15.3ha, respectively. The optimum numbers of power sprayer for land sizes of 10-20ha, 20-30ha, and 30-40ha were estimated as 2,3 and 4, respectively. A speed sprayer is desirable for an area of more than 30ha coverage. 4. The break-even-point area of a combine was estimated as 10.7ha. The optimum numbers of combine for land sizes of 10-20ha, 20-30ha, and 30-40ha were estimated as 1,2, and 3, respectively.