• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.47-61
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• 2015

This study examined whether any differences can be found in desirable character traits and creative personality characteristics depending on the appearance management behaviors of male and female adolescents in Gwangju, South Korea. It was conducted by administering a self-report survey to 544 male and female middle school students. The collected survey data were analyzed by Means, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, Factor analysis, One-way ANOVA, and Duncan-test using the SPSS/PC WIN 19.0 statistical program. The results were as follows: According to the results of the survey, total coordination seeking in appearance management behavior is very important to teens and is deeply related to desirable character traits and creative personality characteristics. Desirable character traits show positive results for basic living habits, filial piety, respect and affection. Creative personality characteristics show positive results for curiosity, open thinking, risk taking, assignment completion and esthetic appreciation. Considering these findings, there is a need for supplementary content on total coordination seeking behavior in home economics courses. Positive effects in terms of desirable character traits and creative personality characteristics can be expected through after class activities involving clothing habits or searching for a path in life and given the depth of education related to total coordination through a free semester system.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.33-38
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• 2013

Occlusal plane is a sagittal expression of dental arch form, and it composes the shape of occlusion, which is one of the most important elements of Maxillo-oral system. In this case, vertical, horizontal coordinates of bionic-median-sagittal plane was produced in articulator, and to achieve relation of left and right position of upper, lower teeth and deficits in alveola, Shilla system was used to reconstruct occlusal plane. In this case, a 41 year-old male patient visited for fracture of 10 unit metal-ceramic fixed partial denture of upper anterior teeth and for overall treatment. Clinical, radiographical, model examination was held, full mouth rehabilitation was achieved by placing dental implant. Maxillo-oral relation was recorded using Gothic arch Tracer complex and were mounted. And for the next step, we estimated original occlusal plane using Shilla system. After analysis we produced diagnosis wax pattern. On the basis of this, radiography stent was manufactured and dental implant was placed, and temporary prosthesis was made by using diagnosis wax pattern. Cross mounting and anterior guiding table were performed in order to reproduce temporary restoration morphology and bite pattern, followed by final restoration made of all ceramic crown with zirconia coping. As stated above, appropriately esthetic and functional results can be seen in using Shilla system in diagnosis and treatment procedure of full mouth rehabilitation patient.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.231-238
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• 2001

This study was performed to evaluate soft tissue cephalometric norms for Korean adults which can be implemented in surgical orthodontic treatment planning using selected horizontal reference plane especially for Koreans (Male: $SN-7.5^{\circ}$, Female: $SN-9.0^{\circ}$) and a simplified analytical method. 70 males and 70 females consisting of freshmen of Yonsei University from 1996 to 1997 and students from the Dental College of Yonsei University were chosen according to clinical examination and cephalometric analysis. The samples had normal profiles, normal anteroposterior skeletal relationship(ANB angle of $0^{\circ}\;to\;4^{\circ}$ and Wits appraisal of -4.0mm to 0mm), and Class I molar and canine relationship. They had no missing or supernumerary teeth and had no experience of orthodontic or prosthetic treatment. After the selection of 15 soft tissue landmarks and the construction of horizontal and vertical reference lines, 25 measurements were taken. These consisted of vertical and horizontal linear measurements and angular measurements. The results were as follows. 1. Mean and standard deviation of the measurements were calculated in males and females. 2. Vertical measurements were comparably bigger in males than females whereas anterior facial height ratio(sN-Sn/Sn-sMe) and lower anterior facial height ratio(Sn-Stms/Stmi-sMe) showed no significant difference between sexes. 3. Most of the horizontal measurements in relation to the vertical reference line(G-perpendicular) showed no significant difference between sexes. 4. Nasofacial angle, columellar angle, nasolabial angle and facial contour angle showed no significant difference between sexes. 5. The upper and lower lip were positioned about $-1.0{\pm}2.0mm$ and $+1.0{\pm}2.0mm$ in relation to the Ricketts' esthetic line in both sexes. In this study, soft tissue cephalometric norms of Korean adults for orthognathic surgery were obtained.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.32
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• pp.163-182
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was intended to analyze artistic formativeness represented in the modern fashion design materials. Nowadays the modern fashion design materials is characterized by variety. The fashion materials the most important of fashion is called a softwear in textile industry and emerged as a new field. Fashion design also escaped from the tra-ditional restraint and extended to pursue lib-eral clothes and the designer's creative inten-tion has resulted in conceptual and conven-tional alteration as a new mode of plastic ex-preseeion. As a results of analysis of the formative fea-ture of Art style represented in the modern fashion design materials. First Surrealism had been searching for a new way of confronting a social and rtistic environment that was stifling and repugnant to them. Accordingly the wide applicaytion of the various object due to the thought of Sur-realism through the modern fashion materials brought the diversification and individua-lization of the modern fashion design. Second Pop Art that is made modern mech-anic culture and commercialism brought the great transformation in the history of Art out of the existing style and the sense of ex-pression. And the plastic characteristics of Pop Art that has a gravity as modern fashion materials on a them of the elements of popular consumer's society. That is the common and cheap objects were introduced into fashion materials itself or pat-tern. Third Minimalism is a trend in art att-empting to seek essence of the object by presenting simple and disciplined expressions by minimal formative means. The features of external form are simplicity clarity unrelated composition and symmetrical structure. Mini-malism was a quest for basic elements repre-senting the fundamental esthetic values of art. The minimal expression in modern fashion materials mean fabrics with simple surface and is contained using simple geometric pattern or utilizing textiles without any patterns. Fourth Eroticism is a kind of psychological revolution in the development of human civilization and is deeply rooted in the cultural tradition of myth religion customs and art. So Eroticism must be distinguished from a mere animal reproduction. These erotic char-acteristics were holded the meanings of sexu-ality through the modern fashion materials. Especially it was expressed the sexual part of body was nakedly showed through trans-parent materials or semitransparent like metalic and opaque materials. Recently the various kinds of new materials such as paper vinyle plastic metal as well as human body were applied to new fashion de-sign. First of all the new materials will give modern fashion designers stimuli and inspi-ration. It can also express values of moderners to despise materialism and uniformed modern society and to recover humanity and self-actualization.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.253-277
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to clarify the spatial characteristics of the children's library and user's behavioral characteristics and to empirically analyze the difference in preference of the spatial characteristics based on the using behaviors. For doing this, this study selected 16 children's libraries in the country as a sampling institute and collected and analyzed 661 questionnaires targeting infants, and the lower and upper graders. The results of analysis are as follows. First, while there was a difference in the relation between the spatial characteristics and the user's characteristics according to ages and sexes, there was no difference in the developing stage. Second, there was a difference in the relation between the spatial characteristics and the using behaviors. Detailed results are as follows. While users who visit the library for reading prefer amenity and peacefulness, those who visit the library for other reasons prefer communication and territoriality. Children prefer diversity, peacefulness and communication when they visit in group rather than to visit individually. In terms of behavioral patterns, users who act quietly prefer diversity than those who act actively. Reading use frequency, as the number of times to visit increased, preference on esthetic sense, dynamics, flexibility, leisure, communication and territoriality increased, but preference on safety decreased. As the length of visit became longer, preference on diversity, self-esteem, peacefulness, dynamics and flexibility increased.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.524-533
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• 2015

This study aims to prove the value of SNS tourism information by confirming the relation between SNS tourism information and perceived risk and by verifying its influence on the intention to switch tourism destination. The data was collected from 302 tourists. For data analysis, SPSS 18.0 program and AMOS 18.0 were conducted. First, functional characteristics of SNS tourism information have been verified to have no relationship with the tourist's perception of risk, and therefore the functional tourism information is thought to cause individual motive regardless of tourist's perception of risk. Second, aesthetic value and economic benefits of SNS tourism information have been analyzed to reduce perceived risk of tourists. Third, a symbol of SNS Tourism information has proved to be an element that increases the risk perceived by tourists, indicating that various kinds of tourism information provided by other channels including SNS can serve as a momentum to make tourists recognize new risks the other way round as new tourism information is accumulated, which acts as new motivating factor.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.307-330
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• 1992

The aim of this study was to investigate the physical properties of visible light curing Glass Ionomer cement for restorative esthetic filling. The control group was the autopolymerizing GC Fuji II Glass Ionomer cement (2.2: 1 P/L ratio) and the experimental groups were made by following procedure. To induce the polymerization by visible light, the powder of GC Fuji II GI cement and the liquid of Vitrabond for base & liner were mixed in an amalgam capsule with 2.5:1, 3.0:1, 3.5:1 P/L ratio (% wt/wt). After fabrication of specimens, compressive strength, fracture toughness ($K_{IC}$) Scanning Electron Microscope and X-ray Diffraction, water-leachable content, marginal leakage and surface roughness were studied. The results were as follows: 1. Only experimental No. 1 group (visible light curing) showed less compressive strength than control group 1 hour after curing. Strength was increased with aging in all groups, so the compressive strength of light curing groups was no less than that of autopolymerizing group after 3 weeks. 2. Experimental No.3 group (visible light curing) was inferior to No.2 group (visible light curing) in fracture resistance but light curing groups were more resistant to fracture than autopolymerizing group and showed ductile fracture pattern as compared with the brittle fracture pattern of autopolymerizing group. 3. From scanning electron microscopic image, various sized unreacted powder particles, surrounded by silica gel, were embedded in polysalt matrix. Light curing groups showed little crack and more dense unreacted particles than autopolymerizing group. 4. From X-ray diffraction analysis, GC Fuji II Glass Ionomer cement powder and all groups showed glassy appearance but light curing groups seemed to be more intensive in crystaline than autopolymerizing group. S. The most significant dissolution was shown in early setting period in all group. Light curing groups were dissolved less than autopolymerizing group. 6. Marginal leakage was not different significantly in case of cavity margin composed of same tooth structure (ex. only enamel margin, only dentin margin) but much more leakage was shown in dentin/cementum margin than enamel margin. In only case of only enamel margin, light curing groups were superior to autopolymerizing group. 7. All groups showed relatively smooth surface, which irregularity was less than $1{\mu}m$. Light curing groups were smoother than autopolymerizing group.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.264-279
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• 2005

Statement of problem. Intraoral corrosion not only affects the esthetic and function of metallic dental restoration, but also has biologic consequences as well. Therefore, corrosion is considered a primary factor when choosing the dental alloy and laboratory technique. Purpose. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of solder and laser weld on corrosion Material and methods. Test specimens were made of 2 types of gold alloys, Co-Cr and Ni-Cr alloy and fabricated 3 methods, respectively: as cast, solder, and laser weld. For the analysis of corroding properties, potentiodynamic polarization test and immersion test conducted. The potentiodynamic polarization scan curve were recorded in 0.9% NaCl solution(pH 7) using Potentiostat/Galyanostat Model 273A. All specimens were exposed to 0.9% NaCl solution(pH 2.3) during 14 days. Elemental release into corrosive solution was measured by atomic emission spectrometry Differences in corrosion potential and mass release were determined using ANOVA. Results and conclusion. Through analyses of the data, following results were obtained. 1. In Pontor MPF and Wiron 99, corrosion potential of the solder group was statistically lower than as cast and laser weld group (p<0.05) , but there was no difference between corrosion potential of solder group and laser weld group in Pontor MPF and no differences between as cast and laser weld group (p>0.05). In Jel-Bios 10 and Wirobond, there was no difference of corrosion potential according to joining methods(p>0.05). 2. In all tested alloys, the amount of released metallic ion was greatest in the solder group(p<0.05). There was no difference between as cast group and laser weld group in Jel-Bios 10 and Wirobond(p>0.05). 3. In scanning electron microscopic examination. except soldered Wiron 99 specimens, it is impossible to discriminate the corrosive property of solder and laser weld. 4. Under the this experimental circumstances, laser weld appears superior to the solder when corrosion is considered.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.136-147
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• 2003

Statement of problem : Ceramic and composite resin have been used to fulfill the demand for esthetic prosthesis. However, ceramic is easy to break and wears off the opposite natural teeth. Conventional composite resin also has low abrasive resistance and color stability. Ceramic Optimized Polymer (ceromer) was developed in mid-1990s to overcome the shortfalls of ceramic and composite resin. Ceromer has similar abrasiveness with the natural tooth and has relatively high strength. Color stability affects esthetics and long-term prognosis of the prosthesis. Purpose The purpose of this study was to compare color stability of ceromers(2 types : $Artglass^{(R)}$. $Targis^{(R)}$) with ceramics ($Vintage^{(R)}$-polishing, $Vintage^{(R)}$-glazing). Material and Method : The color difference(${\Delta}E^*$) was measured by spectrophotometer with different immersion time. Twenty disks, 3mm in thickness and 10mm in diameter, were fabricated for each specimen in shade A2(Vita Lumin shade guide), Specimens (5 samples in each group) were immersed in the food colorants (Red no.3. Yellow no.4, Blue no.1, Distilled water) for 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours respectively. $L^*,\;a^*$ and $b^*$ value were measured with spectrophotometer (CM 503i : Minolta Co., Japan) and mean ${\Delta}E^*$ value was calculated for statistical analysis Results : The results of this study were obtained as follows. 1. The ${\Delta}E^*$ values of all test samples increased with the time of immersion. 2. The ${\Delta}E^*$ values of all materials increased in order of Distilled Water, Yellow no.4, Blue no.1 and fed no.3. There was significant difference between Red no.3 and the other food colorants(p<0.05). 3. The ${\Delta}E^*$ values increased in order of $Vintage^{(R)}$-glazing, $Vintage^{(R)}$-polishing. $Artglass^{(R)}$ and $Targis^{(R)}$. There was significant difference between $Vintage^{(R)}$-glazing and the other materials (p<0.05). Conclusion : By means of the above results, immersion time was found to be a critical factor for color stability of ceromer. For the long-term color stability of prosthesis it is recommended patients having ceromer prosthesis ($Artglass^{(R)},\;Targis^{(R)}$) to reduce the habitual intake of Red no.3 colorants con taming foods.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.17-40
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• 2000

Resin cements are used for cementing indirect esthetic restorations such as resin or porcelain inlays. Because of its limitations in curing of purely light cured resin cements due to attenuation of the curing light by intervening materials, dual cured resin cements are recommended for cementing restorations. The physical properties of resin cements are greatly influenced by the extent to which a resin cures and the degree of cure is an important factor in the success of the inlay. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of porcelain thickness and exposure time on the polymerization of resin cements by measuring the microhardness and the degree of conversion, to investigate the nature of the correlation between two methods mentioned above, and to determine the exposure time needed to harden resin cements through various thickness of porcelain. The degree of resin cure was evaluated by the measurements of microhardness [Vickers Hardness Number(VHN)] and degree of conversion(DC), as determined by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy(FTIR) on one light cured composite resin [Z-100(Z)] and three dual cured resin cements [Duo cement(D), 3M Resin cement(R), and Dual cement(DA)] which were cured under porcelain discs thickness of 0mm, 1mm, 2mm, 3mm with light exposure time of 40sec, 80sec, 120sec, and regression analysis was performed to determine the correlation between VHN and DC. In addition, to determine the exposure time needed to harden resin cements under various thickness of porcelain discs, the changes of the intensity of light attenuated by 1mm, 2mm, and 3mm thickness of porcelain discs were measured using the curing radiometer. The results were obtained as follows ; 1. The values of microhardness and the degree of conversion of resin cements without intervening porcelain discs were 31~109VHN and 51~63%, respectively. In the microhardness Z was the highest, followed by R, D, DA. In the degree of conversion, D and DA was significantly greater than Z and R(p<0.05). 2. The microhardness and the degree of conversion of the resin cements decreased with increasing thickness of porcelain discs, and increased with increasing exposure time, D and R showed great variation with inlay thickness and exposure time, whereas, DA showed a little variation. 3. The intensity of light through 1mm, 2mm, and 3mm porcelain inlays decreased by 0.43, 0.25, and 0.14 times compared to direct illumination, and the respective needed exposure times are 53 sec, 70 sec, and 93 sec. In D and R, 40 sec of light irradiation through 2mm porcelain disc and 80 sec of light irradiation through 3mm porcelain disc were not enough to complete curing. 4. The microhardness and the degree of conversion of the resin cements showed a positive correlationship(R=0.791~0.965) in the order of R, D, Z, DA. As the thickness of porcelain discs increased, the decreasing pattern of microhardness was different from that of the degree of conversion, however.