• KSBB Journal
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.216-221
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• 1992

The physiological changes of somatic embryogenesis in cultured pepper cells (Capsicum annuum L. cv Shinhong) were investigated. The somatic embryogenesis was induced by cultivating the callus in hormone-free MS medium. The peroxidase patterns in the somatic embryogenic cells and the culture medium was revealed three and two of cathodic and anodic bands by isoelectric focusing respectively. Activity of peroxidase released into culture medium was 4 times higher than that of 12th day cultured cells. At the heart stage, the isozyme patterns of the MDH and esterase were found to be changed, which were showed by starch gel electrophoresis. It means these isozymes can be used as markers for studying somatic embryogenesis and differentiation.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.206-210
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• 2002

This study was carried out to investigate the genetic segregations and characteristics of off-type rice plants collected in Korea which were classified into seven groups based on grain characteristics. In the analysis of esterase electrophoresis, the long-grain red group was classified as 1 and 3 esterase isozyme zymogram(EIZ), the long-grain normal group was classified as 1, 3 and 7 EIZ. The extremely late sterility group was segregated variously as 1, 2, 1+2, 5, 6, 5+6, 7,8 ,7+8 and 12 EIZ. The long-grain red rice lines with 1 EIZ had a longer culm length and a lower length/width ratio to brown rice than the long-grain red rice lines with 3 EIZ. The long-grain normal rice lines with 3 EIZ had a longer culm length, shorter panicle length, greater number of tillers, lower length/width ratio of brown rice, and fewer number of grains per panicle than did the long-grain red rice lines with 1 or 7 EIZ.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.39-45
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• 1984

The present researches were carried out to investigate the effects of gibberellic acid on the appearance of isozyme patterns of esterase, phosphatase, amylase and peroxidase, also to investigate if there were any differences of the isozyme patterns among root, shoot and seeds of rice plants. It was noticed that the isozyme patterns of the above tested enzymes were differ among the organs, root, shoot and seed. The GA treated plants showed difference of esterase patterns in root from Akibare and the difference in shoot and root from Yushin, phosphatase patterns in root from Akibare. However, the GA did not affect isozyme patterns of amylase or peroxidase. The seed should be the suitable organ to study isozyme patterns for genetics or variety characterization of rice plant.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.103-109
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• 1997

Eleven phenolic compounds including caffeic acid were identified through analyzing the aqueous extracts of Pinus rigida by HPLC. Among them, protocatechuic acid was the maximum amount of 6.84 ppm. Seed germination of Cassia mimosoides var. nomame was significantly stimulated by the extract of P. rigida leaves in the proportion ot concentration. However, root growth was elevalted at a threshold concentration below 25%, but it was inhibited at high concentrations. In 50% extract of P. rigida, upward root tip of C. mimosoides var. nomame showed negageotropism which the root end showed necrosis. New isozyme bands were induced indicating concentration activity of peroxidase from the extract of C. mimosoides var. nomame, especially in the cathodic region. Although it reduced the mumber of isozyme bands of esterase, esterase activities were stimulated in the anodic region of C. mimosoides var. nomame. The activity of amylase was not remarkably different between control and treatment.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.168-173
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• 1987

The constancy of the patterns of esterase isozymes in the mycelium of Pyricularia oryzae grown under various cultural conditions was observed by $10\~25\%$ polycrylamide gradient slab gel. The position of the isozyme was not affected by cultural age for 24 days. However the intensity of the band was affected. The band patterns were not affected by the carbon sources (glucose, maltose, fructose, sucrose or starch), single spore isolates, successive transfer culture and regenerated isolates from protoplast cultures.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.39-45
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• 1996

Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to reveal the esterase isozyme patterns of a freshwater snail, Semisulcospira gottschei, in the lake Uiam. From the result with inhibitors, it is tentatively concluded that four types (arylesterase, carboxylesterase, acethylesterase, acethylcholinesterase)of the adult(means of allele per locus=1.16, %polymorphism=16.7, heterozygosity=0.082)was lower than the juveniles(A=1.7, %P=16.7, H$\sub$D/=0.2215).

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.265-270
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• 1993

The German cockroach(Blattelia germanica) population~ were successIVely selected with ch\orpyrifos and permethrin during the six generations. The resulting resistant $R_{chtorpenfos}$(Rc) and $R_{permethnn}$(Rp) stra.ins were studied to investigate the esterase activity by spectrophotometer, filter parper test, and electrophoresis. Esterase-$\alpha$ activities by filter paper test showed 2.65 and LBZ times higher in the Rc and Rp strains than the susceptible strain, respectively. ln the spectrophoLometer method, the esterase activit18s to $\alpha$-and $\beta$-naphthyl acetate were increased 2.34 and 5.28 times in the Rc than susceptible strain, and 1.48 and 2.92 times in the Rp Limn susceptible stram, respectlvely. Zymogram patterns of eslerase isozyme by agarose gel electrophoresis showed totally five bands. The Rc and Rp strains showed two additive bands as, Est-2 and Est-3, which were not shown in the susceptible strain. but the Rp strain dId not show Est-5 bands which was COlumon in the Rc and susceptible strams.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.29-35
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• 2002

This study was carried out to investigate the characteristics of shattering habit and germination of offtype rice plants collected in Korea which were classified into seven groups based on grain characteristics. In the long-grain red rice group, the short-grain red rice group, the long-grain normal rice group, and the long-grain waxy rice group, the tensile strength of grain and primary rachis branch was relatively low and the fiber cell of the primary rachis branch was short. Characteristics of shattering-related traits and germination in relation to grain and esterase isozyme zymogram type of off-type rice plants. In most lines of the extremely late and sterile rice group, the tensile strength of grain was low, while that of primary rachis branch was high, and the fiber cell was long. However, in the type 1 esterase isozyme zymogram(EIZ) lines among the long-grain normal rice group and the type 6 and 5+6 EIZ plants among the extremely late and sterile rice group, the tensile strength of grain was relatively higher. The long-grain waxy rice group and the type 3 EIZ lines among the long-grain red rice group, showed higher germinability than did cultivars which are known to germinate well even in low-temperature. The other off-type rice group, except for the short-grain waxy rice group and type 1 and 7 EIZ lines among the long-grain normal rice group, had higher germination speed than that of the cultivars.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.27-35
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• 2005

Eighty-five different cultivars of Brassica rapa, B. juncea, B. nap us, B. carinata, B. oleracea and hexaploid Brassica collected from Bangladesh, Japan, China and Denmark were analyzed by SDS-PAGE for seed and leaf protein variations, using esterase, acid phosphatase and peroxidase isozyme analysis. Ten polymorphic bands were identified from seed protein however no identifiable polymorphic band was found in the leaf protein. Polymorphic markers clearly distinguished the different Brassica species as well as yellow sarson (YS) and brown seeded (BS) cultivars of B. rapa. The $F_1$ cross between YS and brown seeded cultivars showed the existance of all poly-morphic bands of the respective parents. The Bangla-deshi and Japanese cultivars of B. rapa differed in the amount of seed protein. In the case of isozyme analysis, esterase showed the highest number of polymorphic bands (13) followed by acid phosphatase (9) and peroxidase (5). These polymorphic markers were very effec-tive for classification of all the species studied in this experiment. In parentage tests using isozymes, the hybridity of intra-and-interspecific crosses of almost all the seedlings could be identified from their respective cross combinations. Esterase polymorphism showed a clear differentiation between YS and BS types of B. rapa. In addition, two esterase polymorphic markers were iden ified to differentiate some cultivars of B. juncea. Segregation patterns in these two esterase bands showed a simple Mendelian monohybrid ratio of 3:1 in $F_2$, 1:1 in test cross and 1:0 in back cross progenies. No polymorphic band was identified to distinguish different cultivars of the same species by acid phosphatase or peroxidase. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was carried out with seed coat color specific marker of B. juncea. The yellow seeded cultivars produced a strong band at 0.5 kb and weak band 1.2 kb. In the addition of these two specific bands, Japanese yellow-seeded cultivars expressed two more weak bands at 1.0 kb and 1.1 kb. Where the brown seeded cultivars generated a single strong band at 1.1 kb. In segregating population, the yellow seed coat color marker segregated at a ratio 15 (brown) : 1 (yellow), indicating the digenic inheritance pattern of the trait.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.113-117
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• 2006

Heterosis was studied involving two multivoltine silkworm breeds viz, APM1 and SLKSPM through rearing and isozyme analysis. A positive significant heterotic effect was observed in fecundity, hatching % and survivability. The heterobeltiosis was observed only in fecundity and hatching %. Isozyme analysis of ${\alpha}-esterase$ showed variation in loci and allelic expression. The allele with heterozygosity $(Est-2^{12})$ was observed at the Est-2 locus in $F_1$ progeny. Est-3 was observed in $F_1$ progeny, whereas it was completely absent in both parental lines. The present study suggests that the markers ($Est-2^{12}$ and Est-3) targeted for introgression may be useful for the improvement of fecundity and survivability as the phenomenon of heterosis was observed only in $F_1$ progeny.