• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.104-113
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• 2014

Purpose: We compared the clinical manifestations of patients with tsutsugamushi disease between children and adults. Methods: From January 2003 to December 2012, 768 patients diagnosed with tsutsugamushi disease were retrospectively reviewed, and the clinical characteristics, laboratory findings, and complications were compared between children and adults. Results: No patterns of annual increases in the number of patients were noted in both children and adults. The higher incidences occurred in October and November respectively. By gender, male outnumbered female in children, but the opposite trend was seen in adults. By residential area, the urban distribution of children was higher than that of adults. Rashes (P =0.001) and eschar (P =0.004) were more common in children, while myalgia was more common in adults. Children had a high prevalence of anemia (P =0.041), and low incidence rates of thrombocytopenia, abnormal liver and renal function. Children yielded better results in the duration of their hospital stay and the incidence of complications (P <0.001). A comparison of the therapeutic effects of doxycycline and macrolide antibiotics, which was performed only on the children, did not reveal any significant differences. Conclusion: Compared to adults, children had higher incidence rates of male patients and more often suffered from rashes and eschar. Children yielded better results in the laboratory findings and duration of the hospital stay and complications. Therefore, when children are suspected to have tsutsugamushi disease, especially during its peak occurrence period, detailed physical examination and serological test should be performed to ensure a prompt diagnosis, and the use of macrolide antibiotics, which have fewer side effects, is expected to yield the same therapeutic effects.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.151-163
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• 1990

Tsutsugamushi disease is an acute febrile disease caused by Rickettsia tsutsugamushi, and which has been reported with increasing frequency through the nation since 1986. We experienced 21 cases of Tsutsugamushi disease diagnosed with serologic test occuring in Taegu city and Kyungpook province during October-November, 1989. The results of survey are as follow. 1) Of 21 cases, 12(57%) were males and 9(43%) were females, and the peak incidence was the 4th decade. 2) The outbreak was in October to November and the peak incidence was in October. 3) The most frequent symptoms were fever and chill(100%), myalgia(95%), headache(90%). Eschar and rash were observed in 18 patients(86%) and the eschar was detected in all over the body, especially thorax(33%) and lower extremity(22%). 4) Laboratory features were SGOT elevation(83%), SGPT elevation(61%), LDH elevation(67%). leukocytosis (38%). 5) Indirect immunofluorescent antibody test was done m 18 patients and the antibody titer was above 1 : 320 in all patients. 6) The chloramphenicol, tetracycline or doxycycline regimens were very effective and mean duration of defervescence from iniation of therapy was 1.3 days. 7) The complication such as meningitis or shock, was not seen.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.115-119
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• 2005

In the present study, we evaluated the free radical scavenging and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities exhibited by extracts obtained from the dried stems (and leaves) of Lespedeza bicolor We also assessed its potential irritation activities with regard to cosmetic use. When the DPPH radical scavenging activities of L. bicolor were assessed at six different concentrations (0, 50, 100, 250, 500 and 1000 ${\mu}g/ml$), the concentration of L. bicolor required to inhibit DPPH radical formation by $50\%$ was found to be $164.90{\mu}g/ml$. The effects of L. bicolor on the inhibition of xanthine oxidase were determined at seven different concentrations. The $50\%$ effective concentration was found to be $282.75{\mu}g/ml$. In the skin irritation test, all animals survived for the duration of the study, and all exhibited normal gains in body weight. The control sites exhibited no response to the control procedures. No edema, erythema, or eschar formation was observed in any of the tested rabbits. In the ocular irritation study, all of the rabbit eyes remained normal. In summary, L. bicolor extracts were considered to be non-irritating to the skin and eye.

• Biomaterials and Biomechanics in Bioengineering
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.41-50
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• 2014

Gold nanorod's exceptional light to heat transduction is a robust phonomenon that has been extensively verified. The phenomenon is a trait from which many novel applications across disciplines have been proposed. In this investigation, the feasibility of utilizing heat harvested from such photothermal method to combat cancer is presented. Using non-invasive laser methods, an in vivo study is conducted on mouse ear tumors administered with gold nanorods (Au NRs). An emphasis is placed on monitoring the tumor developments after photothermal treatments, over time. The findings reveal significant tumor growth surpression at a threshold laser power of $0.6W/cm^2$ lasting 2 minutes; this energy also brought about dramatic size reduction in treated tumors. Furthermore, the apparent formation of an eschar over the laser treated region indicates extensive hemorrhagic necrosis of the tumor tissue; a phenomenon implicative to the inhibition of angiogenesis.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.188-191
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• 2003

Tsutsugamushi fever is a serious febrile disease outwardly similar to malaria and various arboviral infections. The endemic area is Asia-Pacific. This disease are generally associated with disturbed habitats favoring large populations of vector larval trombiculid mites. Therapy with tetracycline, chloramphenicol or ciprofloxacin is currently recommanded. Unfortunately these drugs is suboptimal for children and pregnant women. Recently, azithromycin has been proven to be effective in therapy of scrub typhus. There is no evidence that azithromycin causes adverse reaction to developing fetus or children. We report four cases of tsutsugamushi fever in children successfully treated with azithromycin. This is the first report describing clinical application of azithromycin to tsutsugamushi fever in Korean children.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.4_2
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• pp.1007-1013
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• 2003

Ramsay Hunt Syndrome is caused by infection of herpes zoster and associated with otalgia, herpetic eruptions, facial palsy, trigerminal pain and cochleovestibular dysfunction such as deafness, tinnitus, vertigo and so on. A 60-year old female, who has tinnitus, peripheral facial palsy, deafness, vertigo, postauricular pain and herpetic eschar, had been admitted to Wonkwang University Oriental Jeonju Medicine Hospital. We treated this patient with Daehwangchijahwangbaeg-byung and Yongdamsagantang-gami, and the patients showed improvement in the symptoms. So we describe the process and contents about the way the patient was cured.

• The Journal of Korean Oriental Chronic Disease
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.32-38
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• 2005

Scrub typhus is a acute febrile illness by Orientia tsutsugamushi that is endemic in Asian-Pacific areas. It is characterized by fever, rash, eschar, lymphadenopathy. Therapy with Tetracycline, Doxycycline, Chloramphenicol is currently recommended. Here we report a case of tsutsugamushi disease in a 66 year old man had fever, nausea, vommitting, dyspnea, who was successfully treated with East-West intergrative medicine therapy - Antibiotics therapy and Korean traditional medicine(Sasang medicine and acupuncture treatment) - and symptoms improved.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.215-218
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• 1996

Frostbite involves freezing of tissues and usually affects the distal aspects of the extremities or exposed parts of the face. such as the ears, nose, chin, and cheeks. It produces tissue injury by ice crystal formation between the cells, cellular dehydration, and microvascular occulsion. There are four degrees of frostbite. First degree is accompanied by erythema and edema; second degree, by vesiculation, blistering, and eschar formation; third degree, by hemorrhagic blistering and bluish gray discoloration; and fourth degree, by injury to subcutaneous tissue, muscle, tendon, and bone leading to mottled, dry, black, and necrotic changes. We successfully treated 2 patients suffering from frostbite by performing sympathetic ganglion block with pure alcohol. We concluded sympathetic ganglion block is one of the most effective treatments for frostbite.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.179-185
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• 2002

The wrist and forearm are a frequently damaged area in high tension electrical injury as an input or output of the current. Electrical burns affecting the wrist and forearm may produce full thickness necrosis of the skin and damage deep vital structures beneath the eschar, affecting the local tendons, nerves, even bones and joints which result in serious dysfunction of the hand. From January 1997 to December 2001, we had treated 20 patients with high tension electrical burn in the wrist and forearm using anterolateral thigh free flap. Average follow up period were 24 months and we get satisfactory results both in functional and aesthetic aspects. This flap is considered useful in one-stage reconstruction of wide and large soft tissue defect combined with arterial injuries.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.113-120
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• 1986

In Korea 8 tsutsugamushi disease patients were reported among the United Nations Forces personnel during 1951-54, but the disease was not known among the native Koreans. In Chinhae, patients with fever, chills, headache and rash were observed in every late autumn to early winter for many years, but etiologic diagnosis was not made. In 1985, there were 34 such patients. The authors were able to determine the disease as tsutsugamushi disease by observing the pathognomic eschar in 4 patients and demonstrating antibodies against Proteus OXK and Rickettsia tsutsugamushi antigens in 21 patients. The patients were mostly females of over 30 years of age. It was considered that most of them contracted the infection while doing farm works or picnic at the outskirts of Chinhae city and the adjacent areas. They were treated with chloramphenicol and no fatalities were observed.