• Journal of Species Research
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.218-220
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• 2020

A holotype is an element to which the name of a taxon is permanently attached and is key material that facilitates taxonomic research. However, type citation or designation errors due to typographical errors or inadvertent mistakes often exist. When reviewing recently published literature for the type specimens of vascular plants in the herbarium of the National Institute of Biological Resources, we observed that three species, Isoetes laosiensis, Isoetes coreana, and Huperzia jejuensis, had errors, and the actual holotype information and the type descriptions of the protologues did not match. The name Isoetes laosiensis had a collecting number error, while Isoetes coreana and Huperzia jejuensis had collector errors. According to Article 9.2 of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen code), if a holotype designation in the protologue of the name of a taxon is found to contain errors such as collector, collecting number, and illustration errors, the errors are to be corrected. We, therefore, corrected the errors in holotypes of three species, with no alterations made to the intents of the original authors.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.3909-3916
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• 1996

Magnetic bearing is the machine element that supports the shaft without mechanical contact using the magnetic force induced by permanent magnet of electromagnet. Active magnetic bearing system is composed of sensor, controller, power amplifier, and electromagnet. If all the elements were dieal, shaft position could be controlled to sensor resolution, Because each elements inreal system have mechanical and electricla losses and nonlinearity, it is impossible to attain the desired performance using general control algorithm. So far it has been studied on improvement of the control algorithm of the electric characteristics of each elements. Another factors to affect shaft behavior are the manufacturing errors due to machine work, and assembling errors due to accumulate manufacturing errors of the radial magnetic bearing. This paper describes that the shaft behavior due to accumulate manufacturing errors and asymmetric bolting. This paper describes that the shaft behavior due to assembling errors of the radial bearings donot affect the rotaitonal accuracy of the shaft. But when the amplitude of the assembling errors increasees over the certain value, the bearing can not support the shaft properly.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.227-235
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• 2013

The quality of the part-of-speech (POS) annotation in a corpus plays an important role in developing POS taggers. There, however, are several kinds of errors in Korean POS-tagged corpora like Sejong Corpus. Such errors are likely to be various like annotation errors, spelling errors, insertion and/or deletion of unexpected characters. In this paper, we propose a method for detecting annotation errors using error patterns, and also develop a tool for effectively correcting them. Overall, based on the proposed method, we have hand-corrected annotation errors in Sejong POS Tagged Corpus using the developed tool. As the result, it is faster at least 9 times when compared without using any tools. Therefore we have observed that the proposed method is effective for correcting annotation errors in POS-tagged corpus.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics B
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• v.33B no.9
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• pp.24-36
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• 1996

In this paper, we discuss the errors in selectivity estimation using the multilevel grid file (MLGF). We first demonstrate that the estimatio errors stem from the uniformity assumption that records are uniformly distributed in their belonging region represented by an entry in a level of an MLGF directory. Bsed on this demonstration, we then investigate five factors affecting the accuracy of estimation: (1) the data distribution in a region (2) the number of records stored in an MLFG (3) the page size, (4) the query region size, and (5) the level of an MLFG directory. Next we present the tendancy of estimation errors according to the change of values for each factor through experiments. The results show that the errors decrease when (1) the distribution of records in a region becomes closer to the uniform one, (2) the number of records in an MLFG increases, (3) the page size decreases, (4) the query region size increases, and (5) the level of an MLFG directory employed as data distribution information becomes lower. After the definition of the granule ratio, the core formula representing the basic relationship between the estimation errors and the above five factors, we finally examine the change of estimation errors according to the change of the values for the granule ratio through experiments. The results indicate that errors tend to be similar depending on the values for the granule ratio regardless of the various changes of the values for the five factors. factors affecting the accuracy of estimation:

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.30 no.10
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• pp.1087-1093
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• 2013

In this study, a measurement method of double ball-bar is proposed to measure the geometric errors of an ultra-precision roll mold machine tool. A volumetric error model of the machine tool is established to investigate the effects of the geometric errors to a radius error and a cylindricity of the roll mold. A measurement path is suggested for the geometric errors, and a ball-bar equation is derived to represent the relation between the geometric errors and a measured data of the double ball-bar. Set-up errors, which are inevitable at the double ball-bar installation, also are analyzed and are removed mathematically for the measurement accuracy. In addition, standard uncertainty of the measured geometric errors is analyzed to determine the experimental condition. Finally, the proposed method is tested and verified through simulation.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.22 no.5 s.170
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• pp.63-71
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• 2005

When an almost flat surface under test is measured by an interferometer, the measurement result is largely influenced by systematic errors that include geometrical errors of a reference flat surface. To determine the systematic errors of the interferometer by the conventional method that is called the three flat method, we must take the reference flat surface out from the interferometer and measure it. Because of difficulties to set the reference flat surface to the interferometer exactly and quickly, this method is not practical. On the other hand, the method that measures a surface under test with some shifts in the direction being perpendicular to the optical axis of the interferometer is studied. However, the parasitic pitching, rolling and up-down movement caused by the above shifts brings serious error to the measurement result, and the algorithm by which the influences can be eliminated is not still established. In this paper, we propose the self-calibration algorithm for determining the systematic errors that include geometrical errors of a reference flat surface by several rotation shifts and a linear shift of general surface under test, and verify by a numerical experiment that this algorithm is useful for determining the systematic errors.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.120-128
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• 2000

One of the major limitations of productivity and quality in metal cutting is the machining accuracy of machine tools. The machining accuracy is affected by geometric errors, thermally-induced errors, and the deterioration of the machine tools. Geometric and thermal errors of machine tools should be measured and compensated to manufacture high quality products. In metal cutting, the machining accuracy is more affected by thermal errors than by geometric errors. This paper models of the thermal errors for error analysis and develops on-the-machine measurement system by which the volumetric error are measured and compensated. The thermal error is modeled by means of angularity errors of a column and thermal drift error of the spindle unit which are measured by the touch probe unit with a star type styluses and a designed spherical ball artifact (SBA). Experiments, performed with the developed measurement system, show that the system provides a high measuring accuracy, with repeatability of $\pm$2${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in X, Y and Z directions. It is believed that the developed measurement system can be also applied to the machine tools with CNC controller. In addition, machining accuracy and product quality can be improved by using the developed measurement system when the spherical ball artifact is mounted on the modular fixture.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.164-164
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• 2016

Radar rainfall estimates have been widely used in calculating rainfall amount approximately and predicting flood risks. The radar rainfall estimates have a number of error sources such as beam blockage and ground clutter hinder their applications to hydrological flood forecasting. Moreover, it has been reported in paper that those errors are inter-correlated spatially and temporally. Therefore, in the current study, we tested influence about spatio-temporal errors in radar rainfall estimates. Spatio-temporal errors were simulated through a stochastic simulation model, called Multivariate Autoregressive (MAR). For runoff simulation, the Nam River basin in South Korea was used with the distributed rainfall-runoff model, Vflo. The results indicated that spatio-temporal dependent errors caused much higher variations in peak discharge than spatial dependent errors. To further investigate the effect of the magnitude of time correlation among radar errors, different magnitudes of temporal correlations were employed during the rainfall-runoff simulation. The results indicated that strong correlation caused a higher variation in peak discharge. This concluded that the effects on reducing temporal and spatial correlation must be taken in addition to correcting the biases in radar rainfall estimates. Acknowledgements This research was supported by a grant from a Strategic Research Project (Development of Flood Warning and Snowfall Estimation Platform Using Hydrological Radars), which was funded by the Korea Institute of Construction Technology.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.109-119
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify and analyze the characteristics of nurses' medication errors during three years. Methods: Retrospective survey study design was used to analyze medication errors by nurses among patient safety accidents. Data were collected for three years from January, 2017 to December, 2019. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, 𝑥²-test, and logistic regression with SPSS 26.0 program. Results: Of a total 677 medication errors, 40.6% were caused by nurses. Among the medication errors, near miss (n=154, 56.0%), intravenous bolus injection (n=170, 61.8%), wrong dose (n=102, 37.1%) and carelessness for repetitive work (n=98, 35.6%) were the most common. Medication errors differed by department, and nurses' career, and patient safety accident type. The results of the logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors of adverse events were medication of fluids (OR=3.93, 95% CI: 1.26~12.27), insulin subcutaneous injection (OR=39.06, 95% CI: 4.58~333.18), and occurrence of extravasation/infiltration (OR=7.26, 95% CI: 1.85~28.53). Conclusion: The simplest and most effective way to prevent medication errors is to keep 5 right, and a differentiated education program according to department and nurse career is needed rather than general education programs. Hospital-level integrated interventions such as a medication barcode system or a team nursing method are also necessary.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.50-64
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• 1994

Cutter deflections in the ball-end milling process is one of the main causes of the machining errors on a free-form surface. In order to avoid machining errors in this process, a methodology avoiding these machining errors on the free-form surfaces has been developed. In this method, feedrates in the finish cuts are adjusted for the prevention of machining errors. A model for the prediction of machining errors on the free-form surface is analytically derived as a function of feed and normal vector at the surface of contact point by the cutter. This model is applied to the dertermination of the adjusted feedrates which satisfy the machining tolerance of the surface. In the finish cuts of a simple curved surface, the suggested model is examined by the measurements of the generated machining error on this surface. And also, this surface is machined with the adjusted feedrates for the given machining tolerance. The measured machining errors on this surface are compared with the given tolerance. In this comparisons, it is shown that the predicted errors are fairly good agreement with the test results.