• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.1556-1568
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• 2000

The aims of this study were to identify the effects on sexual role identity and sexual attitude of the A-V programed sexual education on Oct. 1. 1997 through Sep. 30, 2000. The program was focused on the formation of the desirable sexual activity, attitude and androgyny sexual role identity of the Korean adolescents, and that was the 25 minute VTR media "Our sexuality is healthful". This study was non equivalent post-test only quasi-experimental design, and the subjects were 530 middle school boys in Busan, Korea. After the manipulation, the change of sexual role identity and sexual attitude was analysed. Outcome measures were middle school boys′ sexual role identity toward KSRI on a seven-point Likert scale and sexual attitudes toward SAS on a five-point Likert scale. The data was analysed by SPSS WIN. The results were summarized as follows : 1) The experimental group who was exposed to the A-V media produced by the author showed the higher score of androgyny sexual role identity than the control group who didn′t watch the A-V program. 2) The experimental group showed the higher rate of the androgyny than the control group, On the other hand, their rate of the masculinity turned out to be lower than the latter group. 3) The experimental group didn′t show the difference of SAS score from the control group .In conclusion, "Our sexuality is Healthful" A-V program for sexual education brought about the significant change of sexual role identity of the middle school boys, but didn′t affect their attitude toward sexual activity.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.137-141
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• 2002

Anabaena variabilis ATCC 29413 grew in chromium (Cr) containing Chu-10 (basal) and nitrate-supplemented media, and the growth of the organism in $100{\mu}M$ chromium was found to be 50% of that in control medium. The growth in nitrate $({NO_3}^-)$ supplemented cultures was better as compared to cultures grown in basal medium. Free cells from basal and nitrate-supplemented media removed 5.2 and 7.4 nmol of chromium $mg^{-1}$protein in 8 h, respectively, from the medium containing $30{\mu}M$ chromium. The efficiency of chromium removal increased 7-fold in imidazole buffer (0.2 M, pH 7.0). A cell density equivalent to $100{\mu}g$ protein $ml^{-1}$ was found to be optimum for maximum Cr removal. Entrapment of cells in calcium-alginate beads did not affect the rate of Cr uptake by the cells. The efficiency of the laboratory-scale continuous flow bioreactor $(12.5{\times}2cm)$ loaded with alginate-immobilized cells (10 mg protein) and fed with $30{\mu}M$ chromium solution was compared at different flow rates. The efficiency of the bioreactor varied with flow rates. In terms of percent removal of Cr from influent, a flow rate of 0.1 ml $min^{-1}$ was found to be optimum for 6 h (54% Cr removal efficiency). Maximum amount of Cr (883 nmol) was removed by the cells in 3 h at a flow rate of 0.5 ml $min^{-1}$. The potential use of A. variabilis in removing Cr from industrial effluents is discussed.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.30-37
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• 2020

Enforcing additional authentication to password-based authentication, in addition to attempting to increase the security of the password itself, helps to improve the security of the password authentication scheme. For a well-known problem of using strong passwords that differ from site to site, we propose a scheme for password generation and management with an inherent supplementary authentication. Like the so-called password manager, the scheme retrieves and presents a strong site-specific password whenever requested without requiring the user to remember multiple passwords. Unlike the existing methods, however, the scheme permits the password retrieval process to proceed only through the authenticated user's ownership verified smartphone. Hence, even for sites not enforcing or supporting two-factor authentication, the logon process can benefit from the scheme's assurance of enhanced security with its two-factor equivalent authentication. The scheme can also prevent an attacker from impersonating a user or stealing secrets even when the stored information of the server for password retrieval service or the user's smartphone is leaked.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.43 no.12 s.354
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• pp.83-88
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• 2006

In this paper, we propose a new cross bar embedded structure for improvement of attenuation characteristics along the different lossy media. A general characterization procedure based on the extraction of the characteristic impedance and propagation constant for analyzing a single MIS(Metal-Insulator-Semiconductor) transmission line used and an analysis for a new substrate shielding MIS structure consisting of grounded crossbars at the interface between Si and Sio2 layer using the Finite-Difference Time-Domain(FDTD) technique is used. In order to reduce the substrate effects on the transmission line characteristics, a shielding structure consisting of grounded cross bar lines over time-domain signal has been examined. The extracted, distributed frequency-dependent transmission line parameters as well as the line voltages and currents, and also corresponding equivalent circuit parameters have been examined as function of frequency. It is shown that the quality factor of the transmission line can be improved without significant changes in the characteristic impedance and effective dielectric constant.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.337-346
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was conducted to develop a mobile web-based pregnancy health care educational program for mothers who were at an advanced maternal age (AMA) and to verify the effects of the program on pregnancy health care. Methods: This program was developed using a web-based teaching-learning system design model and composed of 10 subject areas. This research was a quasi-experimental study using a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest time serial design and data were collected from April 2 to May 3, 2014. To verify the effects of the program, it was used for 2 weeks with 30 AMA mothers (experimental group). For the control group, a classroom education booklet for pregnant women used with 31 AMA mothers. Results: The experimental group having participated in program had statistically significantly higher scores for knowledge (t=3.76, p <.001), self-efficacy (t=8.54, p <.001), and practice behavior (t=4.88, p <.001) of pregnancy health care, compared to the control group. Conclusion: The results of the program indicate that a Mobile web-based pregnancy health care educational program is effective in meeting the needs of AMA mothers and can be used as the prenatal educational program for AMA mothers and is appropriate as an educational media for theses mothers.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.139-146
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• 2006

Objectives: Bio-equivalence(BE) test is important not only to ensure the quality of generic drugs, but also to promote drug substitution under the separation of prescribing and dispensing practice(SPD). This study was intended to investigate the perception of consumers, doctors, and pharmacists on the confidence of bio-equivalence(BE) assured drugs. Methods: Nation-wide telephone interview survey was conducted for 1,018 consumers, 800 doctors, and 806 pharmacists from September to October in 2003. Descriptive analysis and ${\chi}^2$ analysis were conducted. Results: Even though people showed higher confidence level for the Bioequivalent drugs compared with Bio-inequivalent drugs, the confidence was generally low. Among those asked about the therapeutic substitutability of original drugs by BE versions, 95.78% of pharmacists responded "positive", while only 39.33% of consumers and 31.13% of doctors said so. The elderly, the less educated, who takes chronic disease medicine, pays high cost of prescription drugs, and are in the low income responded less aware of that. Also most consumers got information such as effect of drugs from either media or doctors. Conclusions: In order for people to believe that BE drugs and original drugs are equivalent, we need to strengthen health education, and to clarify any misunderstanding. It is also necessary for the national policy to provide accurate information about drugs to the public.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.295-301
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• 1997

Nitrendipine, a slightly soluble calcium channel blocking agent forms a solid dispersion system with $hydroxypropyl-{\beta}-cyclodextrin$, which exhibits better dissolution characteristics than the uncomplexed drug. The dissolution rate of nitrendipine was markedly increased in solid dispersion system in pharmacopeial disintegration media at pH 1.2 and pH 6.8. Four different dosage forms of nitrendipine were administered to rats: (a) nitrendipine in the solution of PEG 400; (b) nitrendipine solid dispersion system with $hydroxypropyl-{\beta}-cyclodextrin$ in a molar ratio of 1:2 by solvent evaporation method and administered in capsule form; (c) physical mixture of nitrendipine with $hydroxypropyl-{\beta}-cyclodextrin$ in a molar ratio of 1:2 and administered in capsule form; (d) nitrendipine alone administered in capsule form. Relative bioavailability after the oral administration of various dosage forms to rats with a dose of 10 mg/kg equivalent to nitrendipine was compared with that of nitrendipine in the solution of PEG 400. The AUC of solid dispersion was significantly bigger than that of nitrendipine powder. $T_{max}$ of solid dispersion was significantly shorter and $C_{max}$ was higher than that of nitrendipine powder. These results indicate that the bioavailability of nitrendipine could be improved markedly by inclusion complexation. An interesting correlation also appears to exist between the in vitro dissolution data and the area under the plasma concentration-time curves.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.28-33
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• 2004

An in-line fiber coupler, based on side-polished single-mode fibers covered with an intermediate coupling layer and a planar waveguide, is analyzed by modeling the interaction region as an equivalent multi-layered planar waveguide. The reflectance for the multi-layered structure with and without buffer layer is illustrated as a function of the refractive index and thickness of the overlay waveguides. When the refractive index of the overlay waveguides is greater than that of the fiber core, the conditions for the intermediate coupling layer to increase the power coupling from the fiber to the overlays is also explained. Through the experimental results using a LiNbO$_3$planar waveguide, we show that the theoretical analysis is reasonable and in good agreement with the measured values.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics D
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• v.36D no.7
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• pp.1-8
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• 1999

A complete electromagnetic simulation for a ground-penetrating radar(GPR) is implemented by employing 3-dimensional dispersive finite-difference time-domain(FDTD) method. The presented simulation model includes the cavity-backed bow-tie antennas, which are terminated by resistors. And an equivalent cirvuit consisting of the input impedance of the antenna and the characteristic impedance of the feed line is used to calculate the response in the receiving antenna. Actual emasurements of a GPR system including our manufactured bow-tie antenna pair are performed just above dry sand contained in a PVC tank. It is confirmed that the FDTD simulation results agree well with the actual measurement data.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.419-425
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• 2017

This paper presents CMOS UWB RFIC based radar system for high speed target detection. The system can achieve resolution of 15 cm and detection range of 15 m. For developed system, single chip CMOS UWB IC is implemented. To reduce the measuring and processing time, envelope detection and equivalent time sampling technique are used. Measurement results show that the bandwidth and center frequency of UWB pulse can be adjusted in the range of 0.5 GHz~1.0 GHz, 3.5 GHz~4.5 GHz, respectively. Signal processing time including scan time over 15 m distance is about $150{\mu}sec$.