• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지반공학회 2000년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
• /
• pp.167-174
• /
• 2000

Profiles of discontinuities through scanline method were investigated for the analysis of rock slope stability. Lower hemispheric projection method was used to evaluate the geometric stability and failure potential of these discontinuities. Also, safety factor was evaluated for the discontinuities of failure potential using by limit equilibrium analysis. Then, displacements of rock block due to the discontinuities were displayed by using the program UDEC(Universal Distinct Element Code) which applied the Distinct Element Method. When we determine the cut-slope in design, the characteristics of discontinuities is not represented only by strength parameters of intact rock. Therefore it is more reasonable method in assuring stability that first, construction would be preceded by the cut-slope of preliminary design, and then, cut-slope would be redetermined by elaborate site investigation in processing construction.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국전산유체공학회 2006년도 추계 학술대회논문집
• /
• pp.13-17
• /
• 2006

RoeM and AUSMPW+ schemes are two of the most accurate and efficient schemes which are recently developed for the analysis of single phase gas dynamics. In this paper, we developed two-phase versions of these schemes for the analysis of gas-liquid large density ratio two-phase flow. We adopt homogeneous equilibrium model (HEM) using mass fraction to describe different two phases. In the Eulerian-Eulerian framework, HEM assumes dynamic and thermal equilibrium of the two phases in the same computational mesh. From the mixture equation of state (EOS), we derived new shock-discontinuity sensing term (SDST), which is commonly used in RoeM and AUSMPW+ for the stable numerical flux calculation. The proposed two-phase versions of RoeM and AUSMPW+ schemes are applied on several air-water two-phase test problems. In spite of the large discrepancy of material properties such as density, enthalpy, and speed of sound, the numerical results show that both schemes provide very satisfactory solutions.

• 한국경영과학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국경영과학회 1989년도 추계학술발표회 발표논문초록집; 이화여자대학교, 서울; 23 Sep. 1989
• /
• pp.45-50
• /
• 1989

The above theorm states that much larger classes of differential games have an equilibrium. The most severe assumption is the second one. It requires that state dynamic equations be linear on his own control variables. But, the dynamic programming approach applied in the above is hardly implementable for the purpose of computation. It is very difficult to solve (SP$_{it}$) directly. Notice, however, the problem can be transformed into a Hamiltonian maximization problem which is easy to solve if initial conditions are given. In this way, it is possible to design a solution algorithm to problems with nonlinear constraints. The above two theorems probide a basis for such an algorithm.m.

• 한국공간구조학회논문집
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.157-166
• /
• 2001

In general, the cutting pattern of the membrane structures is determined by dividing the complicated curved 3-D surface into several 2-D plane strip by using flattening technique. In this procedure, however, some discrepancies ore occurred between actual stresses of equilibrated state and designed uniform stresses because the material properties are not considered. These deviations can cause the critical structural problems, wrinkling or overstress, and thus a optimization process should be considered. In this paper, a new analytical method for determining an optimum cutting pattern considering material properties is presented. Here, iterative procedure is introduced to decrease the errors caused in numerical process. The optimization method proposed can diminish the deviations occurred by material properties and numerical errors, simultaneously. As a results, it is shown that the final stress distributions for the HP shell model are sufficiently near to design stress distributions, and it can be concluded that this method can be used to obtain the optimized cutting pattern of membrane structures.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국전산구조공학회 1999년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
• /
• pp.395-402
• /
• 1999

This paper discusses the theoretical researches subject to elastic buckling problems of the structures. The purpose is to ensure the characteristic of buckling be true by arc-length method and the finite element method. The difficulties in processes calculating the equilibrium curve after buckling is to get the equilibrium owe near singular point at which the determinant of stiffness matrix is zero. The purpose of the load-displacement curve is to determine the buckling load of the structure, and further to get the information about the characteristic after buckling. Here, this paper expresses the incremental solution at particular point by the linear combination of both homogeneous mode and particular mode, then uses the method which gets the unknown parameter including this function, through trial-and-error method including modified N-R convergence process. Finally, this paper describes the multiple bifurcation of truss dome as the numerical examples according to this algorithm.

• Carbon letters
• /
• 제23권
• /
• pp.30-37
• /
• 2017

Dyes are widely used in various industries including textile, cosmetic, paper, plastics, rubber, and coating, and their discharge into waterways causes serious environmental and health problems. Four different carbon nanostructures, graphene oxide, oxidized multi-walled carbon nanotubes, activated carbon and multi-walled carbon nanotubes, were used as adsorbents for the removal of Nile Blue A (NBA) dye from aqueous solution. The four carbon nanostructures were characterized by scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffractometer. The effects of various parameters were investigated. Kinetic adsorption data were analyzed using the first-order model and the pseudo-second-order model. The regression results showed that the adsorption kinetics were more accurately represented by the pseudo-second-order model. The equilibrium data for the aqueous solutions were fitted to Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, and the equilibrium adsorption of NBA was best described by the Langmuir isotherm model. This is the first research on the removal of dye using four carbon nanostructures adsorbents.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제15권4호
• /
• pp.395-414
• /
• 2003

In this paper we recall briefly the constitutive equations for solids subjected to thermal strain taking in account the bounded tensile stress of the material. In view to solve the equilibrium problem via the finite element method using the Newton Raphson procedure, we show that the tangent elasticity tensor is semi-definite positive. Therefore, in order to obtain a convergent numerical method, the constitutive equation needs to be modified. Specifically, the dependency of the stress by the anelastic deformation is made explicit by means of a parameter ${\delta}$, varying from 0 to 1, that factorizes the elastic tensor. This parameterization, for ${\delta}$ near to 0, assures the positiveness of the tangent elasticity tensor and enforces the convergence of the numerical method. Some numerical examples are illustrated.

• Interaction and multiscale mechanics
• /
• 제1권3호
• /
• pp.329-337
• /
• 2008

This paper presents the derivation of the generalized governing equations in theory of elasticity, their weak forms and the some applications in the numerical analysis of structural mechanics. Unlike the differential equations in classical elasticity theory, the generalized equations of the equilibrium and compatibility equations presented here take the form of integral equations, and the generalized equilibrium equations contain the classical differential equations and the boundary conditions in a single equation. By using appropriate test functions, the weak forms of these generalized governing equations can be established. It can be shown that various variational principles in structural analysis are merely the special cases of these weak forms of generalized governing equations in elasticity. The present weak forms of elasticity equations extend greatly the choices of the trial functions for approximate solutions in the numerical analysis of various engineering problems. Therefore, the weak forms of generalized governing equations in elasticity provide a powerful modeling tool in the computational structural mechanics.

• 대한화학회지
• /
• 제51권4호
• /
• pp.365-374
• /
• 2007

본 연구에서는 고등학교 3학년 학생 100명을 대상으로 세트화 된 질문지를 사용하여 화학 평형 이 동시 반응 속도 변화에 대한 학생들의 이해 정도를 조사하고, 반응 속도의 기본 개념에 대한 질문이 화학 평 형 이동시의 반응 속도 변화를 이해하는데 도움이 되는지를 조사하였다. 질문지는 A, B, A' 세 개의 세트로 구 성하였으며, A, B, A' 순서대로 응답하도록 하였다. A세트는 화학 평형 이동시의 반응 속도 변화에 대한 문항, B세 트는 반응 속도의 기본 개념에 대한 문항으로 되어 있으며, A'세트는 A세트와 동일한 문항으로 되어 있다. 학 생들의 응답을 분석한 결과 화학 평형 이동시 반응 속도 변화에 대해 정반응 속도 변화보다 역반응 속도 변 화에 대한 이해가 낮았다. 그리고 평형에서 농도 변화에 따른 반응 속도 변화에 대한 이해는 어느 정도 되어 있으나 온도 변화에 따른 반응 속도 변화에 대한 이해도는 아주 낮았다. 그러나 반응 속도 기본 개념에 대한 정답률은 아주 높아 평형 이동시 반응 속도 변화에 대한 낮은 이해도는 반응 속도에 대한 기본 개념이 부족 한 것이 아니라 이를 화학 평형 이동에 제대로 연계시키지 못한 결과로 생각된다. A세트와 A'세트의 정답률 을 비교한 결과 A'세트의 정답률이 통계적으로 유의미하게 높게 나타나 B세트의 문항이 A'세트의 문항 해결 에 도움이 된 것으로 해석할 수 있다. 그러므로 이와 같은 세트화 된 질문지가 학생들의 개념 연결에 도움을 줄 수 있는 가능성을 확인하였다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지반공학회 1994년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
• /
• pp.253-258
• /
• 1994

Recently, computer technique for the analysis of slope stability enable to reduce a considerable time and efforts. And also, stability problems can be approached by using stablility chart which was basically developed to handle the problems under simple conditions only. Most of the conventional slope stability computer programs and stability chart are still based on the general limit equilibrium method. 16 types of sample slopes and 2 types of failure slope were compared and analysed by stability charts and programs. This research work intend to apply 4 types of conventional computer programs based on the same theoretical backgroung and 7 types of stability charts for solving the same stability problems and the results and compared and analysed in order to justify their reliability.