• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.239-248
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• 1995

The method of increasing signal to noise ratio (SNR) in a Hadamard transform spectrometer (HTS) is multiplexing. The multiplexing is executed by a mask. Conventional masks are mechanical or electro-optical. A mechanical mask has disadvantages of jamming and misalignment. A stationary electro-optical mask has a disadvantage of information losses caused by spacers which partition mask elements. In this paper, a mixed-concept electro-optical mask (MCEOM) is developed by expanding the length of a spacer to that of lon-off mask element. An MCEOM is operated by stepping a movable mask. 2N measurements are required for N spectrum estimates. The average mean square error (AMSE) using MCEQM is equal to that using a stationary electro-optical mask without spacers for large N. The cost of manufacturing an MCEOM is lower than that of producing a conventional electro-optical mask because an MCEOM needs only (N + 1)/2 on-off mask elements whereas the con¬ventional electro-optical mask needs N on-off mask elements. There are no information losses in the spectrometers having an MCEOM.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.40-45
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• 2017

The objective of this study is the finite element-transfer stiffness coefficient method, which is the combination of the modeling technique of finite element method and the transfer technique of transfer stiffness coefficient method, is applied in the static analyses of two dimensional curved beam structures. To confirm the effectiveness of the applied method, two computational models are selected and analyzed by using finite element method, finite element-transfer stiffness coefficient method and exact solution. The computational results of the static analyses for two computational models using finite element-transfer stiffness coefficient method are equal to those using finite element method. When the element partition number of curved beam structure is increased, the computational results of the static analyses using both methods approach the exact solution. We confirmed that the finite element-transfer stiffness coefficient method is superior to finite element method when the number of the curved beam elements is increased from the viewpoints of the computational speed and the utility of computer memory.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.301-309
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• 2017

In this paper, we propose a parallelization method for a High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) deblocking filter with transform unit (TU) split information. HEVC employs a deblocking filter to boost perceptual quality and coding efficiency. The deblocking filter was designed for data-level parallelism. In this paper, we demonstrate a method of distributing equal workloads to all cores or threads by anticipating the deblocking filter complexity based on the coding unit depth and TU split information. We determined that the average time saving of our proposed deblocking filter parallelization method has a speed-up factor that is 2% better than that of the uniformly distributed parallel deblocking filter, and 6% better than that of coding tree unit row distribution parallelism. In addition, we determined that the speed-up factor of our proposed deblocking filter parallelization method, in terms of percentage run-time, is up to 3.1 compared to the run-time of the HEVC test model 12.0 deblocking filter with a sequential implementation.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.79-86
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• 1993

Twelve docked and 12 intact Najdi lambs of equal numbers of males and females were slaughtered at 40 kg shorn shrunk body weight, Lipid in all empty body fat components; namely, subcutaneous, intermuscular, intramuscular, omental, mesenteric, channel, perirenal, pericardial, tail, viscera, bone and hide, were determined. Except for ram lambs, which had a lower percentage of lipid in intermuscular partition in loin cut, sex did not influence the relative proportion of subcutaneous or intermuscular fat in each wholesale cut. The data also showed that docking did not change the distribution of lipid in intermuscular and intramuscular fat partitions in each wholesale cut. Docked lambs tended to accumulate lower proportions of the lipid in subcutaneous fat component in the cuts located along the dorsal line than intact lambs. The total amount of lipid deposited in the empty body of ewe lamb was heavier in weight than that of ram lamb. Docking had no effect on the distribution of total lipid in the empty body, except for subcutaneous fat component, being greater in docked lambs than did intact ones. Generally, the highest proportion of fat was associated with subcutaneous depot followed, in order, by intermuscular, mesenteric, tail, intramuscular and omental fat partitions.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.258-268
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• 2004

We demonstrate rotationally invariant space-time (ST) trellis codes with a 4-D rectangular signal constellation for data transmission over fading channels using two transmit antennas. The rotational invariance is a good property to have that may alleviate the task of the carrier phase tracking circuit in the receiver. The transmitted data stream is segmented into eight bit blocks and quadrature amplitude modulated using a 256 point 4-D signal constellation whose 2-D constituent constellation is a 16 point square constellation doubly partitioned. The 4-D signal constellation is simply the Cartesian product of the 2-D signal constellation with it-self and has 32 subsets. The partition is performed on one side into four subsets A, B, C, and D with increased minimum-squared Euclidian distance, and on the other side into four rings, where each ring includes four points of equal energy. We propose both linear and nonlinear ST trellis codes and perform simulations using an appropriate multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channel model. The 4-D ST codes constructed here demonstrate about the same frame error rate (FER) performance as their 2-D counterparts, having however the added value of rotational invariance.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제42권12호
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• pp.117-126
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• 2005

본 논문에서는 OFDM 신호의 높은 PAPR(peak to average power ratio)을 저감하기 위한 기법을 제시한다. 이 기법은 OFDM 신호 생성에 사용되는 IFFT를 요즘은 디지털 신호 프로세서에서 소프트웨어로 구현하는 경우가 많다는 점에 착안하여, IFFT의 계산 과정에서 중복되는 계산을 피함으로써 계산량을 줄인다. 즉, IFFT 과정에서 서브-시퀀스(sub-sequence)를 정의하고 이 서브-시퀀스에 최적 위상 회전 요소를 곱하여 PAPR을 최소화한다. 이 기법의 PAPR 저감 성능은, 약 1/3의 계산량으로도 PTS 기법의 인터리브 분할 방식과 동일하다는 것을 보인다.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.663-676
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• 2020

Plant leaf classification is a significant application of image processing techniques in modern agriculture. In this paper, a multi-granular angle description method is proposed for plant leaf classification and retrieval. The proposed method can describe leaf information from coarse to fine using multi-granular angle features. In the proposed method, each leaf contour is partitioned first with equal arc length under different granularities. And then three kinds of angle features are derived under each granular partition of leaf contour: angle value, angle histogram, and angular ternary pattern. These multi-granular angle features can capture both local and globe information of the leaf contour, and make a comprehensive description. In leaf matching stage, the simple city block metric is used to compute the dissimilarity of each pair of leaf under different granularities. And the matching scores at different granularities are fused based on quotient space theory to obtain the final leaf similarity measurement. Plant leaf classification and retrieval experiments are conducted on two challenging leaf image databases: Swedish leaf database and Flavia leaf database. The experimental results and the comparison with state-of-the-art methods indicate that proposed method has promising classification and retrieval performance.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.231-241
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• 2019

Bulk-loading an R-tree can be a good approach to build an efficient one. However, it takes a lot of time to bulk-load an R-tree for huge amount of data. In this paper, we propose a parallel R-tree construction scheme based on a Hadoop framework. The proposed scheme divides the data set into a number of partitions for which local R-trees are built in parallel via Map-Reduce operations. Then the local R-trees are merged into an global R-tree that covers the whole data set. While generating the partitions, it considers the spatial distribution of the data into account so that each partition has nearly equal amounts of data. Therefore, the proposed scheme gives an efficient index structure while reducing the construction time. Experimental tests show that the proposed scheme builds an R-tree more efficiently than the existing approaches.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.15-23
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• 2004

초창기 심층 암호의 대부분은 원본 영상의 최하위비트를 비밀 메시지 비트로 치환하는 방식이었기 때문에 인간의 감각으로는 메시지 삽입 여부를 구별해낼 수 없었지만 통계적 분석에 의하여 원본과 은닉물의 구별은 물론, 비밀 메시지의 삽입 량까지도 거의 추정해낼 수 있을 만큼 취약점을 내포하고 있었다. 우리는 Westfeld 와 Fridrich가 판단의 기준으로 정한 통계량을 각각 분석하였고, 이에 근거하여 원본의 통계량을 유지하면서도 대용량의 메시지를 삽입할 수 있는 방법을 제안하고자 한다. 제안하는 방식은 단순히 원본 영상의 최하위 비트를 변화시켜 메시지를 삽입하는 방식이 아닌 원본의 실제 화소 값이 랜덤 하게 증가하거나 감소하는 방식으로 메시지를 삽입하게 된다.

• 한국경제지리학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.343-357
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• 2012

수도권 지하철 시스템은 지하철 역을 결절점으로 하고 이들을 연결하는 선로를 간선으로 구성한 그래프로 표현할 수 있다. 본 논문에서 서울 수도권 지하철 시스템의 통행흐름을 바탕으로 그래프를 거의 비슷한 그룹들로 분할하여 지하철역들의 분류와 지하철 승객들의 통행 특성을 연구한다. 그래프의 각 간선을 통과하는 승객수를 교통카드 트랜잭션 데이터베이스에서 추출하여 그 간선의 가중치로 둔다. 그래프 분할 문제는 NP-완전 문제에 속하기 때문에, 본 논문에서 지하철 시스템의 그래프를 분할하기위하여 휴리스틱 알고리즘을 제안한다. 그 휴리스틱 알고리즘은 두 개의 선택 가능한 목적함수들 중에서 하나를 사용하는 데, 첫 번째 목적함수는 다른 그룹들에 속한 결절점들을 연결하는 간선들의 가중치의 합을 최소화하는 것이고 두 번째는 전체 지하철 승객들에 대해 승차역과 하차역이 같은 그룹에 속한 승객들의 비율을 최대화하는 것이다. 실험결과에서 각 그룹에 속한 지하철역들과 간선들을 색깔로 구분하여 지도상에 표시하고 그룹별 기종점 행렬로 지하철 승객들의 통행 특성을 분석한다.