• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.258-267
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• 2011

14-3-3 is a highly conserved, ubiquitously expressed protein family. It associates with diverse cellular proteins through its specific phosphoserine/phosphothreonine-binding activity and thus contributes to the regulation of crucial cellular processes such as metabolism, signal transduction, cell-cycle control, apoptosis, protein trafficking, transcription and stress responses. This study aims to determine changes in levels of 14-3-3 isoforms and 14-3-3 - associated proteins in Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori)-infected gastric epithelial AGS cells. AGS cells were stimulated with H. pylori(NCTC 11637) at the ratio of 300:1(bacterium:cell). Western blot analysis revealed that 14-3-3 $\sigma$ was elevated at 3 hr after H. pylori treatment. Other isoforms were not significantly affected by H. pylori infection. Using immunoprecipitation to 14-3-3 $\sigma$, followed by proteomic analysis, we found that S phase kinase associated protein isoform 2 bound to 14-3-3 $\sigma$ has increased. In contrast, three proteins (DEAD-box polypeptide 3, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H2 and WD repeat-containing protein isoform 1) bound to 14-3-3 decreased by H. pylori infection. Our results suggest that 14-3-3 may play an important regulatory role in H. pylori-induced signal transduction in gastric epithelial cells.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.185-195
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• 1994

This study was conducted to evaluate the healing potential of hydroxyapatite and demineralized freeze dried bone in 5 dogs. Chronic periodontitis was induced by ligating elastic wire randomized as follows. The group in which only flap operation was performed was used as control. The group in which flap operation using nonresorbable nonporous hydroxyapatite (Orthomatrix)was performed was used as experimental I. The group which flap operation using resorbable porous hydroxyapatite (Biocoral) was performed as experimental II. The group in which flap operation using demineralized freeze-dried bone was performed was used as experimental III. Thereafter dogs serially sacrificed at the 1,2,4 and 8 weeks and the specimens were prepared, and stained with Hematoxilin-Eosin stain for the light microscopic evaluation. The results of the this study were as follows : 1. Control group : progressive inflammatory cell infiltration till 4 weeks and epithelial undergrowth. 2. Group I. : epithelial undergrowth and new bone formed with fibrous margin around HA granule. 3. Group II. : no epithelial undergrowth and direct bone formation at the porous granule 4. Group III. : could not see epithelial undergrowth but obviously new cementum formation.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.167-176
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• 2007

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma ($PPAR{\gamma}$) is expressed at very high levels in the gastrointestinal epithelium. Many of the functions of $PPAR{\gamma}$ in gastrointestinal epithelial cells have been elucidated in recent years, and a pattern is emerging which suggests that this receptor plays an important role in gastrointestinal physiology. There is also strong evidence that $PPAR{\gamma}$ is a colon cancer suppressor in pre-clinical rodent models of sporadic colon cancer, and there is considerable interest in exploitation of $PPAR{\gamma}$ agonists as prophylactic or chemopreventive agents in colon cancer. Studies in mice and in human colon cancer cell lines suggest several mechanisms that might account for the tumor suppressive effects of $PPAR{\gamma}$ agonists, although it is not in all cases clear whether these effects are altogether mediated by $PPAR{\gamma}$. Conversely, several reports suggest that $PPAR{\gamma}$ agonists may promote colon cancer under certain circumstances. This possibility warrants considerable attention since several million individuals with type II diabetes are currently taking $PPAR{\gamma}$ agonists. This review will focus on recent data related to four critical questions: what is the physiological function of $PPAR{\gamma}$ in gastrointestinal epithelial cells; how does $PPAR{\gamma}$ suppress colon carcinogenesis; is $PPAR{\gamma}$ a tumor promoter; and what is the future of $PPAR{\gamma}$ in colon cancer prevention?

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.321-332
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• 2010

Growing interest in the nasal route as a drug delivery system calls for a reliable in vitro model which is crucial for efficiently evaluating drug transport through the nasal cells. Various in vitro cell culture systems has thus been developed to displace the ex vivo excised nasal tissue and in vivo animal models. Due to species difference, results from animal studies are not sufficient for estimating the drug absorption kinetics in humans. However, the difficulty in obtaining reliable human tissue source limits the use of primary culture of human nasal epithelial cells. This shortage of human nasal tissue has therefore prompted studies on the "passage" culture of nasal epithelial cells. A serially passaged primary human nasal epithelial cell monolayer system developed by the air-liquid interface (ALI) culture is known to promote the differentiation of cilia and mucin gene and maintain high TEER values. Recent studies on the in vitro nasal cell culture systems for drug transport studies are reviewed in this article.

• BMB Reports
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• v.42 no.8
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• pp.535-539
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• 2009

Voltage-gated $K^+$ (Kv) channels are widely expressed in the plasma membranes of numerous cells such as epithelial cells. Recently, it has been demonstrated that Kv channels are associated with the proliferation of several types of cancer cells. Specifically, Kv1.3 seems to be involved in cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis. In the present study, we examined the expression of Kv1.3 in immortalized and tumorigenic human mammary epithelial cells. We also evaluated the expression level of Kv1.3 in each stage of breast cancer using mRNA isolated from breast cancer patients. In addition, treatment with tetraethylammonium, a Kv channel blocker, suppressed tumorigenic human mammary epithelial cell proliferation. Therefore, Kv1.3 may serve as a novel molecular target for breast cancer therapy while its stage-specific expression pattern may provide a potential diagnostic marker for breast cancer development.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.17-21
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• 2006

The effects of Korean and Japanese radishes on inflammatory reaction that involves arachidonic acid cascades were investigated in human epithelial gastric cell. The activities of type I (porcine pancreas) and type II (Crotalus atrox) phospholipase $A_2(PLA_2$) were inhibited by radish. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity was significantly suppressed by radish (p<0.05, p<0.01 and p<0.005). The nitric oxide production was also inhibited by radish. The Korean radish was more effective in inhibition of $PLA_2$ and COX-2 activities and nitric oxide production than Japanease radish. These results indicate that radish has a protective effect on gastric epithelial cell inflammation by suppressing the activities of $PLA_2$ and COX-2 activities and nitric oxide production from gastric epithelial cell.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.47-57
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• 1996

This study analysed the transport properties of bladder mucosa known as the typical system of 'tight epithelia' by using TEM observation with both rapid freeze-fracture electron microscopy and thin-section method and mainly analysed the cellular characteristics of turtle bladder epithelial cells. The bladder epithelium, like other tight epithelia, consists of a heterogenous population of cells. The majority of the mucosal cells are the granular cells and may function primarily in the process of active $Na^+$ reabsorption in turtle bladder. The remaining two types of cells are rich in mitochondria and is believed to be res-ponsible for a single major transport system, namely, $H^+$ transport by A-type of cell and urinary $HCO_{3}^-$ secretion by B-type of cell. As viewed in freeze-fracture electron micrograph, the tight junctions form a continuous tight seal around the epithelial cells, thus restricting diffusion in tight epithelia. In addition, the apical surface membranes have a population of rod-shaped intramembranous particles (IMPs). It is believed that these IMPs probably represent the components of the proton pump. However, it is likely that these characteristics of the apical transporter remain to be clarified in tight epithelial cells.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.173-177
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• 2008

Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma (EMC) is a rare low grade malignant tumor of the salivary glands and it shows a characteristic biphasic population of epithelium and myoepithelium. It shows various cytologic and histologic features, so making an exact diagnosis is difficult. We report here on two cases of epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma arising from the parotid gland and we compare the cytologic findings of the aspirated samples with the histologic findings of the tumors. We think the finding of mixed pattern of large, clear myoepithelia and small epithelia is the most valuable finding in the diagnosis of EMC.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.653-655
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• 2005

Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma (EMC) of the salivary gland is a rare tumor that comprises approximately 1% of all salivary gland tumors. It has a distinctive histological appearance comprising ductal structures with an inner epithelial cell component and an outer layer of myoepithelial cells. We report a case of EMC of the parotid gland in a 41- year-old man. He presented left-sided subauricular swelling developed 3-month earlier. Neck CT scans revealed a well-defined mass in the left superficial parotid gland. He underwent superficial parotidectomy and was diagnosed as EMC. He was taken postoperative radiotherapy. There was no evidence of recurrence during a follow-up period of 12 months. A EMC is a low grade malignant tumor which can cause diagnostic confusion during workup and also frequently misdiagnosed as other benign or malignant tumor.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.249-257
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• 2019

Ulmus davidiana Nakai (UDN) has been traditionally used as a herbal medicine to treat inflammatory diseases in Korea. In the present study, we investigated the anti-ecotoxic potential of a 116 kDa glycoprotein isolated from UDN (UDN glycoprotein) in human intestinal epithelial INT-407 cells. We demonstrated that UDN glycoprotein ($20{\mu}g/mL$) could inhibit the production of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) induced by toluene, an ecotoxic substance. Additionally, we found that the toluene-induced intestinal cytotoxicity was mediated by the phosphorylation of p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) via the production of intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). The UDN glycoprotein significantly decreased the levels of ROS production and p38 MAPK activation in toluene-stimulated INT-407 cells. Moreover, the UDN glycoprotein inhibits the phosphorylation of nuclear factor-kappa B ($NF-{\kappa}B$), which is responsible for the production of LDH, in toluene-stimulated INT-407 cells. Collectively, our data indicate that UDN glycoprotein is a natural antioxidant and a modulator of ecotoxicity signaling pathways in human intestinal epithelial cells.