• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.2889-2894
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• 2016

This study aimed to modify behavior regarding liver fluke and cholangiocarcinoma prevention in Chumphuang district, Nakhon Ratchasima province, Thailand through integrated learning. A total of 180 participants were included through purposive selection of high-risk scores on verbal screening. Participants attended the health education program which applied the health belief model included family based, knowledge station based, academic merit based and community based learning. Data were collected using a questionnaire composed of 4 parts: 1) personal information, 2) knowledge, 3) perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, and barriers, 4) practice regarding liver fluke and cholangiocarcinoma prevention. The result revealed that the majority were female (79.9%), age ${\geq}60$ years old (33.2%), primary school educational level (76.1%), and agricultural occupation (70.1%). The mean scores of knowledge, perception, and practice to liver fluke and cholangiocarcinoma prevention, before participated the integrative learning were low, moderate, and low, respectively. Meanwhile, the mean score of knowledge, perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, and barriers, and practice regarding liver fluke and cholangiocarcinoma prevention, were higher with statistical significance after participation in the integrated learning. This finding indicates that health education programs may successfully modify health behavior in the rural communities. Therefore they may useful for further work behavior modification in other epidemic areas.

• 미술이론과 현장
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• 제14호
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• pp.7-32
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• 2012

The exhibition was started in 2010 in the New Acropolis Museum of Athens and embarked a journey since 2011 as a travelling exhibition inside Greece and abroad. The main purpose of the exhibition was to draw attention of the general public to the value of the 'rescue excavation' and of cultural heritage of Greece, by presenting the reconstruction bust of a girl whose skull was found in Kerameikos cemetery of ancient Athens. The new Kerameikos excavation was initiated by the construction of Metropolitan Railway lines in the center of Athens between 1992 to 1998. It revealed a pit of a mass burial where about 150 people were inhumed in a very hasty way without proper funeral rites or offerings. These bodies are identified as the victims of the infamous plague of Athens in the first years of the Peloponnesian War(430-426 BC). The epidemic disease killed almost one third of the city population including Pericles, and brought extreme fear and panic to the Athens society. The traditional funerary rites were totally disrupted, and the social decorum and the morality among the citizens became enfeebled. The plague and the civil war were the decisive factors to end the Golden Age of Democratic Athens. However, the exhibition organizers did not focus on the tragic aspect of this disaster and its casualties. Their main concern was to simplify the scholarly works of archaeological excavation and microchemistry analysis so that the exhibition viewers will easily understand and empathize the living value of the scholarly works of ancient Greek civilization. The centripetal element of the exhibition was the vivid face of an 11 years old ancient girl 'Myrtis', which was carefully reconstructed based on both the scientific data and artistic imagination. Also the set up of the exhibition was structured in order to stimuli cognitive and emotional experience of the visitors who witnessed the rebirth of a vibrant human being from an ancient debris. The museologists' continuous efforts to promote projects of contemporary artists, publications, and school programs related to the exhibition indicate that the ulterior motive of this exhibition is the cultural education of the present and future generation through the intimate experiences of ancient Greek life. Also this is the reason why the various museums that held the travelling exhibition try to make the presentation as a gesture of memorial service for an anonymous Athenian girl who deceased circa 2400 years ago. The pragmatic efforts of Greek scholars and museologists through exhibition show us a way to find a solution to the continuous threat of cultural resources by massive construction projects and land development, and to overcome public indifference to the history and cultural heritage.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.249-262
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• 2005

Backgrounds : As obesity prevails as an epidemic. diet programs including low-calorie diets are developed continuously. It is generally believed that a low-calorie diet is commonly followed by resting metabolic rate decrease and ultimate weight regain. Ephedra and Evodia are known to have sympathomimetic and anti-obesity effect. Objectives : This study was a prospective, double-blinded, randomized md placebo-controlled clinical trial to evaluate the effects of Ephedra sinica and Evodia rutaecarpa on resting metabolic rate (RMR), weight, body composition, and short-term safety in obese women on low-calorie diet. Methods : 125 otherwise healthy obese women (body mass Index ${\geq}\;25kg/m^2$) were recruited and randomly assigned to three groups: Ephedra group (n=41), Evodia group (n =45), and placebo group (n=39). Subjects were administered Ephedra extract in capsules (pseudo-ephedrine 31.52mg) or Evodia extract in capsules (evodiamine 6.75mg, rutaecarpine 0.66mg) or placebo capsules as well as participating in a low-calorie diet for 8 weeks, Resting metabolic rate and body composition were measured at baseline,4 and 8 weeks. Basic serum exams were performed to evaluate the short-term safety of the herbs and changes of lipid variables. Results : All three groups showed significant BMI decreases probably due to low-calorie diet. Among them, the Ephedra group manifested most prominent BMI-reducing effect and towered total cholesterol and triglycerides significantly. The RMR was not changed during the 8-week diet in all groups. No significant difference among the groups was found in RMR, either. Stbject with higher RMR than the mean at the baseline showed a tendency to keep their RMR more stable during the diet program. Conclusions : Ephedra with a low-calorie diet was effective in reducing BMI. RMR change was not compensated by herbal medicines. RMR change seemed to be affected rather by constitution and body composition than medicine. Ephedra and Evodia were proven to be safe for sort-term use in herbal form. Especially, Ephedra was effective in lowering total cholesterol and triglycerides during the 8 weeks.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.137-146
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• 2018

축산시설 사이의 차량이동은 국내에서 가축전염병 확산의 주요 원인이다. 이 같은 상황에서 본 연구는 축산시설의 차량이동 네트워크에서 주요한 위치를 차지하는 허브시설을 도출하고, 그 특성을 분석하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위하여 본 연구는 농림축산검역본부의 KAHIS(Korea Animal Health Intergrated System)에서 제공하는 축산시설의 차량 진출입자료를 활용하였다. 허브시설의 도출에는 사회연결망 분석의 대표적인 중심성 지표인 연결정도 중심성과 매개 중심성 지표를 활용하였다. 본 연구의 분석결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 축산시설의 차량이동 네트워크에는 다른 시설에 비하여 매우 높은 중심성 지표 값을 가지는 소수의 허브 시설이 존재한다. 둘째, 연결정도 중심성 기준의 허브시설은 사료공장, 집유장, 도축장, 도계장, 가축시장이다. 셋째, 매개 중심성 기준의 허브시설은 가축시장, 사료공장, 도축장이다. 넷째. 연결정도 중심성에 기반한 허브시설은 특정지역에 집중되어 입지하고 있으나, 매개 중심성에 따른 허브시설을 상대적으로 고르게 분포하고 있다. 다섯째, 중심성 지표에 따른 허브시설은 시간이 지나도 상당히 안정적으로 유지된다. 본 연구는 축산시설 사이의 차량 이동이 가축 전염병 전파의 주요 원인으로 지목되는 상황에서, 방대한 진출입 자료를 활용하여, 허브시설을 도출하였다는 점에서 그 의의가 있다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권14호
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• pp.5895-5900
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• 2014

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a cluster of complicated disorders caused by the interactive influencing factors of heredity and environment, which predisposes to many cnacers. Results from epidemic research indicate that stress is tightly related to the pathogenesis of MS and neoplasia. This paper aims to investigate the association between psychological stress and MS with respect to the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF${\alpha}$) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) genes in the Han and Hui ethnic groups. Methods: All subjects for this case-control study matched strict enrollment criteria (nationality, gender and age) and lived in the city of Wu Zhong of Ningxia Province in China. The enrolled group contained 102 matched pairs of Hui ethnic individuals and 98 matched pairs of Han ethnic individuals. Enrolled subjects completed the general Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90). The TNF${\alpha}$-308G/A variant and NPYrs16147 polymorphism were detected in case (81 males, 119 females) and control (81 males, 119 females) groups by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. Results: Nine factors of the SCL-90 were found to be statistically different (p<0.05) between case and control groups. The homozygous mutant genotype (AA) and the mutant allele (A) of the TNF${\alpha}$-308G/A gene were less frequently observed in the control population compared to the case group. The odds ratio (95% confidence interval) in "Allele" for MS was 2.28 (1.47-3.53), p=0.0001, while "OR" was 1.11 (0.83-1.47), p=0.15, for the NPYrs16147 gene polymorphism. Conclusions: Psychological stress has been positively associated with MS. A previous study from our group suggested there were differences in the level of psychological stress between Hui and Han ethnic groups. Furthermore, we found that the stress-related TNF${\alpha}$ gene was associated with MS for both Han and Hui ethnic groups. In contrast, NPY may be a possible contributor to MS and associated cancer for the Han ethnic group.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.154-157
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• 2005

목 적 : 1993년부터 2003년까지 발생한 마이코플라즈마 폐렴의 역학적 특성을 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 1993-2003년, 11년 동안 가톨릭대학교 대전성모병원 소아과에 입원한 마이코플라즈마 폐렴 환아 559명을 대상으로 입원기록지를 후향적으로 분석하였다. 성별, 연령별, 연도별, 및 월별 발생에 대해 분석하였으며, 1994년과 2003년의 자료를 비교, 분석하였다. 결 과 : 연간 평균 환아 수는 51명이었으며, 1993-94년, 1997년, 2001년 및 2003년에 많은 환아가 발생하였다. 계절별 발생에서 가을(9-11월)에 233명(41.7%)으로 가장 많이 발생하였으며, 겨울 26.7%, 여름 19.0%, 봄 12.7%을 보였다. 남녀비는 1.2 : 1, 연령은 5-6세를 정점으로 3-8세 사이에 68.2%의 환아가 발생하였다. 1994년과 2003년 비교에서 최고 발생 연령군이 5-6세에서 3-4세로, 2세 미만 발생 환아 비율이 1.1%에서 26%로 최근 유행에서 어린 소아의 이환이 많았다. 1994년에서는 1월을 중심으로한 가을-겨울철 유행을, 2003년에서는 9월을 중심으로 한 여름-가을철 유행을 보였다. 결 론 : 최근 10년간 마이코플라즈마 폐렴의 양상은 2-4년 유행 주기를 보였으며, 전국적인 유행과 일치하였다. 또한 서구에 비해 더 어린 연령의 소아가 감염되고, 최대 발병 연령이 근자에 가까울수록 더 어려지는 경향을 보였다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.268-272
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• 2010

한국은 가축의 수입이 많아 외래성 질병에 항상 노출되어 있다. 이에 본 연구의 목적은 2003년부터 2008년까지 외국에서 한국으로 수입된 말의 전염성 질환의 발생실태를 조사하기 위하여 실시하였다. 2003년부터 2008년까지 수입된 6,650두의 말을 대상으로 가축전염병예방법에 등재되어 있는 주요 전염병 7개 항목(말전염성빈혈, 말파이로플라스마병, 말전염성동맥염, 비저, 구역, 전염성자궁염, 수포성구내염)을 검사하였다. 말전염성빈혈은 수입된 말 6,189두 중 3두에서 양성을 나타내었으며, 말파이로플라스마병은 6,005두 중 37두, 말전염성동맥염은 6,043두 중 28두, 구역은 2,071두 중 4두, 비저는 1,950두 중 4두가 양성을 나타내었다. 말전염성자궁염과 수포성구내염은 모든 말에서 검출되지 않았다. 전체적으로 수입된 말 6,650두 중 76두가 전염성 질환에 대해 양성을 나타내었다. 특히 탄자니아에서 수입 된 말의 66.6%가 비저에 양성을 나타내었다는 것은 주목할만한 결과이며, 이것은 1996년 이래 최초로 검출되었다.

• 대한바이러스학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.51-59
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• 2000

During the recent epidemic period ($1995{\sim}1996$), seven strains of rubella virus were isolated in Korea. To analyze phylogenetic relationship between seven Korean strains and rubella virus strains from other different geographical areas, structural genes (E1, E2 and C) of Korean strains were enzymatically amplified and automatically sequenced. The sequence similarities of the E1, E2 and C genes of the cosmopolitan types were $95.8{\sim}98.1%$, $92.6{\sim}99.2%$ and $96.4{\sim}99.3%$ based on 1,441, 122 and 139 nucleotides and $96.9{\sim}98.5%$, $90{\sim}100%$ and $97.8{\sim}100%$ based on 480, 40 and 46 amino acids compared to the sequences of strain RA27/3, respectively. In contrast, the sequence similarities of the E1, E2 and C genes of the Asian types were $91.5{\sim}92.1%$, $83.6{\sim}88.5%$ and 91.4% based on nucleotides and $96.9{\sim}97.7%$, 85.5% and 97.8% based on amino acids compared to the sequences of strain RA27/3, respectively. However, immunodominent epitopes of the E1 gene of the cosmopolitan and Asian types were well conserved, and the growth patterns in cell culture and immunofluorescent antibody titers in cross-reaction test showed no differences between two different types. In phylogenetic analysis based on nucleotide sequences of each gene regions, the cosmopolitan and Asian types formed two distinct phylogenetic lineages. These data showed two distinct genotypes of rubella viruses cocirculated in Korea, but no significant differences in the antigenicity of two different rubella virus strains were found.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.37-43
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• 2017

목적: 백일해는 백신접종으로 예방이 가능한 질환이지만 세계적으로 증가하고 있고, 국내에서도 환자가 증가하고 있는 추세이다. 저자들은 최근 창원 지역에서 발생한 백일해 환자의 역학적인 특징과 임상 양상을 알아보고자 이 연구를 실시하였다. 방법: 2015년 7월부터 2016년 3월까지 호흡기 증상을 주소로 창원파티마병원 소아청소년과에 내원하는 환자 중 1주 이상의 기침을 하면서 발작적인 기침, 기침 후 구토, 흡기 시 '흡' 소리(whooping), 야간 기침이 동반된 환자들을 대상으로 호흡기 검체를 채취하여 백일해에 대한 배양, 중합연쇄반응검사를 실시하였고, 혈액의 항백일해 독소 항체검사(anti-pertussis toxin of ELISA kit, IBL International GmbH)를 실시하였다. 기저에 질환이 있거나 최근 1년 안에 DTaP 혹은 Tdap 백신 접종을 한경우에는 제외하였다. 결과: 연구 기간 동안 대상 환자 50명 중 진단된 환자는 37명이었다. 이 중 중합연쇄반응검사에서 양성인 환자는 2명이었고 혈청검사에서 양성인 환자는 37명이었다. 환자의 연령은 생후 1개월부터 15세였다. 항생제 사용 후 모든 환자가 합병증 없이 회복되었다. 결론: 2015년 7월부터 2016년 3월까지 창원 지역에 백일해의 유행이 있었으며, 이 연구 결과는 향후 국내에서 발생하는 백일해 역학 연구에 도움이 될 것으로 판단한다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.151-155
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• 2013

Since a large number of Akabane and bovine ephemeral fever (BEF) infection occurred in the southern part of Korea in 2010, recent information about seroprevalence of Akabane virus (AKAV) and bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) has been required for preventing both diseases. In this study, serological assay against AKAV and BEFV using virus neutralization assay was conducted using 1,743 bovine sera collected from Namwon, Miryang, Yeongju and Uljin which located in Southern part of Korea from March to May in 2012. The overall seropositive rates for AKAV and BEFV were found to be 49.8% and 1.2%, respectively. The regional distribution of seroprevalence for AKAV ranged from 18.1% to 63.7%. Seroprevalences of AKAV were 63.7% in Miryang, 62.3% in Uljin, 50.7% in Namwon, and 18.1% in Yeongju. The seropositive rates for AKAV in southern part of Korea were higher than the annual average at the national level. On the other hand, seropositive rates of BEFV in four regions were from 0.3 to 3.1%. In detail, regional seroprevalences were 3.1% in Miryang, 2.0% in Uljin, and 1.7% in Yeongju, and 0.3% in Namwon. Even only one year after massive outbreaks, overall seropositive rates were very low, similar to the annual average at the nation level. This result indicates that many number of cattle infected with BEFV may be replaced by new born calf or cattle in farm may not be immunized with vaccines. To prevent another epidemic, a national wide warning should be issued and more aggressive control measure must be implied. Recent global warming phenomenon could lead to more vigorous activity of haematophagous vectors and it is possible that arboviral diseases such as AKAV and BEFV are increased. Therefore, continuous sero-monitoring and extensive vaccination combined with control of haematophagous vectors are important to effectively prevent and control diseases caused by AKAV and BEFV.