• Title/Summary/Keyword: epichlorohydrin

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Evaluation of Bisphenol A-Epichlorohydrin Exposure Workers in Apartment Building Construction: Pilot Study (아파트 건축 작업장에서 사용되는 에피클로로하이드린-비스페놀A의 노출 평가: 파일럿 연구)

  • Shin, Wonho;Moon, Chan-Seok
    • Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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    • v.26 no.4
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    • pp.396-403
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    • 2016
  • Objectives: The study is to evaluate biological monitoring and risk assessment for epichlorohydrin-bisphenol A resin exposed from waterproofing or finishing work in the apartment building construction. Methods: Subjected workers were working on spray-painting and waterproofing work for 8 hours per day every 20 days. The urine samples were collected at the end of 20 days working period. For urinary bisphenol A as metabolite from epichlorohydrin-bisphenol A exposure, urine samples were analyzed with liquid chromatography mass-mass spectrometry(HPLC-MS/MS). Results: Geometric means of urinary bisphenol A(BPA) with no hydrolysis and with enzymic hydrolysis(BPA-EH) in the workers were $1.10{\mu}g/L$ and $2.90{\mu}g/L$. BPA-EH was 4 times higher than that of control group. The factors for working period and ages did not affect the variation of BPA and BPA-EH. The levels for BPA and BPA-EH were not higher than 95th percentile for exposure on human-life environment. Conclusions: The BPA and BPA-EH were therefore effective biological markers for epichlorohydrin-bisphenol A exposure workers, but not seem to hazardous exposure level. Waterproofing work in construction workshop is required to measuring work environment and health care management for the workers.

Physical Properties of Poly(vinyl alcohol) with Polyamide-epichlorohydrin as a Wet Strength Additive for Paper (Polyamide-epichlorohydrin 지력 증강제 함유 폴리비닐알코올의 물성 연구)

  • Jang, Yunjae;Lee, Hwaljong;Kang, Ho-Jong
    • Polymer(Korea)
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    • v.37 no.6
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    • pp.730-735
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    • 2013
  • The physical properties of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) with polyamide-epichlorohydrin (PAE) for wet strength additives in paper industry were investigated. Upon introducing PAE to PVA, not only melting and crystallization enthalpy in DSC but also the area of diffraction peaks in XRD decreased, which represented the fact that PAE acted as a crosslinking agent for PVA. However, this crosslinking seemed to be physical crosslinking having relatively less bonding energy compared to chemical crosslinking since the crystallization in PVA was able to take place by thermal annealing. This physical crosslinking and crystallization by thermal annealing enhanced the thermal stability and mechanical strength in PVA and consequently, these improvements are desired in the paper manufacturing process to increase the dry and wet strength in the paper.

A Study on the Handle of Cotton Fabric treated with Chitosan Polyurethane Mixed Solution by KES (II) (키토산-폴리우레탄 혼합용액(混合溶液)으로 처리(處理)된 면직물(綿織物)의 KES에 의한 태분석(態分析) (II))

  • Yoon, Se-Hee;Jeon, Dong-Won;Kim, Jong-Jun
    • Journal of Fashion Business
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    • v.8 no.1
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    • pp.156-163
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    • 2004
  • The purpose of this study is to investigate the change of handle when cotton fabric is treated with chitosan-polyurethane mixed solution and crosslinked with epichlorohydrin in order to form three-dimensional crosslinks in the molecules, which in turn would improve the wash-fastness of the chitosan-treated fabrics. The application of epichlorohydrin decreased the EM(Tensile extensibility) and WT(Tensile energy) values, indicating the stiffness increased in the treated fabrics due to the 3-dimensional crosslinking. The crosslinking of the cotton fabric samples resulted in the increase in T.H.V. effectively for the use of summer dress shirt fabric.

Synthesis, Characterization and Curing Studies of Thermosetting Epoxy Resin with Amines

  • Lakshmi, B.;Shivananda, K.N.;Mahendra, K.N.
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.31 no.8
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    • pp.2272-2278
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    • 2010
  • A new hybrid thermosetting maleimido epoxy compound 4-(N-maleimidophenyl) glycidylether (N-MPGE) is prepared by reacting N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) maleimide (HPM) with Epichlorohydrin by using benzyltrimethylammonium chloride as a catalyst. The resulting compound possesses both the oxirane ring and maleimide group. The curing reaction of these maleimidophenyl glycidylether epoxy compound (N-MPGE) with amines as curing agents such as ethylendiamine (EDA), diethylentriamine (DETA) and triethylenetetramine (TETA), aminoethylpiperazine (AEP) and isophoronediamine, IPDA), are studied. Incorporation of maleimide groups in the epichlorohydrin provides cyclic imide structure and high cross-linking density to the cured resins. The cured samples exhibited good thermal stability, excellent chemical (acid/alkali/solvent) and water absorption resistance. Morphological studies by the SEM technique further confirmed the phase homogeneity net work of the cured systems.

Miscibility and Thermal Behavior of Biodegradable Synthetic Aliphatic Polyester (Bionolle) and Poly(epichlorohydrin) Blends (생분해성 지방족 폴리에스테르(Bionolle)와 폴리에피클로로하이드린 블렌드의 상용성 및 열적 거동에 관한 연구)

  • 김진호;최형진;이동주;윤진산;진인주
    • Polymer(Korea)
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    • v.24 no.3
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    • pp.358-365
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    • 2000
  • Miscibility itnd thermal behavior of blends of synthetic biodegradable aliphatic polyester (Bionolle) with poly(epichlorohydrin) (PECH) were investigated by a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), a dynamic mechanical thermal analyzer (DMTA) and a rotational rheometer. Observed both single glass transition temperatures from the DSC in agreement with the Fox equation and single T$_{g}$ changes as a function of composition from the DMTA indicate that these blend mixtures are miscible. In addition, the miscibility of this blend system was also observed from the single curve of the Cole-Cole Plot of log G′($\omega$) vs. log C"($\omega$) from the dynamic test using a rotational rheometer. This was further verified from the cryogenically fractured surface of BDP/PECH blends by scanning electron microscopy.

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Dose-Response Effects of Epichlorohydrin on Male Reproductive Function in Rats

  • Kim, Kang-Hyeon;Shin, In-Sik;Lim, Jeong-Hyeon;Kim, Sung-Hwan;Park, Na-Hyeong;Moon, Chang-Jong;Kim, Sung-Ho;Shin, Dong-Ho;Kim, Jong-Choon
    • Toxicological Research
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    • v.25 no.4
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    • pp.203-207
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    • 2009
  • Present study was conducted to investigate potential effects of epichlorohydrin on testicular and epididymal function in male rats. The test chemical was administered to adult male rats by gavage at dose levels of 0, 3.125, 12.5, and 50 mg/kg/day for 7 days. Testicular and epididymal function were assessed by measurement of reproductive organ weight, testicular spermatid count, epididymal sperm count, motility and morphology, and histopathology in rats. At 50 mg/kg, a decrease in the sperm motility and an increase in the incidence of sperm abnormalities were observed. Histopathological examinations revealed an increase in the incidence of histopathological changes including cell debris in the ducts, vacuolization of the epithelial cells, oligospermia, and epithelial disruption in the proximal caput epididymidis. At 12.5 mg/kg, an increase in the incidence of histopathological changes of the epididymidis was found. There were no treatment-related effects at 3.125 mg/kg. These results show that 7-day repeated oral administration of epichlorohydrin to male rats results in adverse effects on sperm motility, sperm morphology, and epididymal histology at $\geq$ 12.5 mg/kg/day.

Characteristics of Soybean Protein Resin Modified by Plasticizers and Cross-Linking Agents (가소제 및 가교제에 의해 개질된 대두단백질의 특성)

  • Choi, Han Na;Lee, Tae Sang;Yang, Ji Woo;Lee, Seung Goo
    • Journal of Adhesion and Interface
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    • v.12 no.2
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    • pp.73-80
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    • 2011
  • In order to develop the environmental-friendly new materials based on soybean protein which is plantable macromolecule, thermal characteristics of the soybean protein resin (SPI) modified by plasticizers (1,3-propandiol, glycerol) and cross linking agents (glutaraldehyde, epichlorohydrin, glyoxal, urea) were analyzed by TGA. Mechanical properties of modified SPI were investigated and fracture was observed by SEM. As the result, flexibility of SPI film was increased by adding plasticizers; 1,3-propandiol and glycerol. Plasticization effect of glycerol was relatively greater than that of 1,3-propandiol. With the application of crosslinking agents (glycerol, epichlorohydrin and glyoxal), strength and thermal stability of SPI increased with their content. On the other hand, in case of addition of urea, thermal stability of SPI decreased and its strength was reduced because cross-linking between urea and SPI was somewhat difficult. Fracture surfaces and domain interfaces of the modified SPI resins were observed with SEM.