• Molecules and Cells
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.345-355
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• 2019

Eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is one of the most challenging problems in clinical rhinology. FZD5 is a receptor for Wnt5A, and its complex with Wnt5A contributes to activating inflammation and tissue modification. Nasal polyps and eosinophil/non-eosinophil counts are reported to be directly correlated. This study investigated the expression and distribution of FZD5, and the role of eosinophil infiltration and FZD5 in eosinophilic CRSwNP pathogenesis. The prognostic role of eosinophil levels was evaluated in seven patients with CRSwNP. Fifteen patients with CRS were classified based on the percentage of eosinophils in nasal polyp tissue. Methylated genes were detected using methylCpG-binding domain sequencing, and qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry were used to detect FZD5 expression in nasal polyp tissue samples. The results showed that mRNA expression of FZD5 was upregulated in nasal polyps. FZD5 expression was significantly higher in nasal polyp samples from patients with eosinophilic CRSwNP than in those from patients with non-eosinophilic CRSwNP, as indicated by immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, inflammatory cytokine levels were higher in eosinophilic CRSwNP-derived epithelial cells than in normal tissues. In conclusion, FZD5 expression in nasal mucosal epithelial cells is correlated with inflammatory cells and might play a role in the pathogenesis of eosinophilic CRSwNP.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2018

Eosinophilic gastrointestinal disease (EGID), a chronic allergic condition characterized by dense infiltration of eosinophils in the digestive tract, is classified into two types, eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), which features dense infiltration of eosinophils in the esophageal epithelial layer, and eosinophilic gastroenteritis (EGE), in which the entire digestive tract including the esophagus may be involved. Patients with EoE only have esophageal symptoms, since the other parts of the digestive tract are not involved. On the other hand, 80% of EGE patients have lesions in the small intestine. The esophageal epithelial layer in healthy individuals has no or negligible infiltration by eosinophils, while the small intestinal mucosal layer, especially the distal small intestinal mucosa, can show dense eosinophil infiltration even in the absence of disease. Therefore, histological changes observed in cases of EGE are not qualitative but rather quantitative, as compared to EoE, which has qualitative histopathological changes, indicating important pathogenetic differences between the types. Comparisons of clinical, laboratory, and morphological characteristics between EoE and EGE have revealed several interesting differences. Both EoE and EGE patients are frequently affected by atopic diseases, such as bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis, and elevated plasma levels of Th2 type cytokines and chemokines are also similarly seen in both. On the other hand, age at diagnosis differs, as the former is generally found in individuals from 30 to 50 years old, while the latter appears in all age groups. Additionally, 80% of patients with EoE are male as compared to only 50% of those with EGE. Furthermore, approximately 60% of patients with EoE respond favorably to proton pump inhibitor (PPI) administration, whereas EGE patients rarely show a response to PPIs. Nevertheless, both diseases show a similarly favorable response to a six foods elimination diet and glucocorticoid administration. These similarities and differences of EoE and EGE provide important clues for understanding the pathogenesis of these EGID types.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.198-203
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• 2017

Eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorder (EGID) is a rare disease in children that affects the bowel wall, with eosinophilic infiltration in the absence of any other causes for eosinophilia. The etiology remains unknown, but allergies and immunological imbalance are suspected triggers. We encountered a case of serosal EGID presenting as intractable vomiting and ascites in a 9-year-old girl, after influenza virus infection. Peripheral eosinophilia was not present. The diagnosis was confirmed by biopsy of the bowel wall through laparotomy and endoscopy, and controlled by 2 courses of steroid therapy due to recurring symptoms. Influenza virus infection was assumed to play a role in the onset of EGID through a Th2 response that stimulated eosinophilic infiltration in the GI tract. We therefore report this case along with a literature review.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.643-648
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• 1998

Although clonorchiasis is one of the most common parasitic infections in Korea, it is unusual that the disease presents peripheral eosinophilia and pulmonary infiltrations.(eosinophilic pneumonia) A case of clonorchiasis manifested as diffuse nodular pulmonary infiltrations was presented. The patient had a mild to moderate pain on the right upper quadrant of the abdomen, cough, dyspnea, and unknown cause of marked eosinophilia (up to 71.4% of total white blood cell count). The causal organism, clonorchis sinensis was found by the identification of parasite ova in the stool We confirmed eosinophilic pneumonia with bronchoalveolar larvage analysis and transbronchial lung biopsy. With corticosteroid and praziquantel treatment, clinical symtoms and pulmonary infiltrations on the chest roentgenograms had rapidly improved. We report a case of eosinophilic pneumonia related to clonorchiasis and review the pertinent literature.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.206-210
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• 2003

Eosinophilic lung diseases are heterogenous disorder which are characterized by the presence of pulmonary symptoms or an abnormal chest radiograph accompanied by inflammatory cellular infiltrates in the airways and lung parenchyma which contain large numbers of eosinophils. The incidence of drug-induced pulmonary disorder is increasing, with at least 40 drug entities having been reported to cause this pulmonary disease. However, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are rarely mentioned in the lists of drugs in published articles describing drug induced eosinophilic pneumonia. The following is a case of eosinophilic pneumonia that we believe was related to ibuprofen therapy.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.424-430
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• 1993

Pulmonary eosinophilic granuloma or histiocytosis X is a chronic interstitial lung disease characterized by proliferations of Langerhans cells and, therefore, not truly histiocytosis. Both histiocytes and Langerhans cells are believed to be related to the mononuclear phagocyte system. In Eosinophilic granuloma, extra-pulmonary such as mediastinal or hilar lymph nodes involvement is very rare in adult. We report a case of young man with eosinophilic granuloma involving lung and anterior mediastinal lymph node simultaneously which is confirmed by open thoracotomy.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.5.1-5.12
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• 2019

Autophagy is a homeostatic mechanism that discards not only invading pathogens but also damaged organelles and denatured proteins via lysosomal degradation. Increasing evidence suggests a role for autophagy in inflammatory diseases, including infectious diseases, Crohn's disease, cystic fibrosis, and pulmonary hypertension. These studies suggest that modulating autophagy could be a novel therapeutic option for inflammatory diseases. Eosinophils are a major type of inflammatory cell that aggravates airway inflammatory diseases, particularly corticosteroid-resistant inflammation. The eosinophil count is a useful tool for assessing which patients may benefit from inhaled corticosteroid therapy. Recent studies demonstrate that autophagy plays a role in eosinophilic airway inflammatory diseases by promoting airway remodeling and loss of function. Genetic variant in the autophagy gene ATG5 is associated with asthma pathogenesis, and autophagy regulates apoptotic pathways in epithelial cells in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Moreover, autophagy dysfunction leads to severe inflammation, especially eosinophilic inflammation, in chronic rhinosinusitis. However, the mechanism underlying autophagy-mediated regulation of eosinophilic airway inflammation remains unclear. The aim of this review is to provide a general overview of the role of autophagy in eosinophilic airway inflammation. We also suggest that autophagy may be a new therapeutic target for airway inflammation, including that mediated by eosinophils.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.325-330
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• 1986

Eosinophilic granuloma is one of the histiocytosis X. It may occur in any bone and tissues, but the one originated from the sternum was rarely reported. Recently, we experienced an eosinophilic granuloma at the manubrium sterni, associated with diabetes insipidus, which was surgically resected. Although intranasal spray of DDAVP has been used for the control of diabetes insipidus, the bony lesion was remitted. With the brief review of the literatures, we report the case.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.125-128
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• 2020

Focal eosinophilic myositis (FEM) is the most limited form of eosinophilic myositis that commonly affects the muscles of the lower leg without systemic manifestations. We report a patient with FEM who was studied by magnetic resonance imaging and muscle biopsy with a review of the literature.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.74-75
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• 2005

A 4 year-old Doberman Pinscher was presented with periocular skin lesions which has developed after climbing a mountain with the client. Cytologic preparations of the periocular skin lesions revealed marked eosinophilic infiltration, and a few neutrophils, lymphocytes and epithelial cells. These findings are consistent with eosinophilic furunculosis of the face typically in medium breed dogs. The patient was administered orally with prednisolone 1mg/kg for 2 weeks. The skin lesions were regressed responsively. The patient has no recurrent signs.