• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.30-39
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• 2024

The conservation of the endangered Korean fir, Abies koreana, is of critical ecological importance. In our previous study, a yeast-like fungus identified as Aureobasidium pullulans AK10, was isolated and shown to enhance drought tolerance in A. koreana seedlings. In this study, the effectiveness of Au. pullulans AK10 treatment in enhancing drought tolerance in A. koreana was confirmed. Furthermore, using transcriptome analysis, we compared A. koreana seedlings treated with Au. pullulans AK10 to untreated controls under drought conditions to elucidate the molecular responses involved in increased drought tolerance. Our findings revealed a predominance of downregulated genes in the treated seedlings, suggesting a strategic reallocation of resources to enhance stress defense. Further exploration of enriched Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways and protein-protein interaction networks revealed significant alterations in functional systems known to fortify drought tolerance, including the terpenoid backbone biosynthesis, calcium signaling pathway, pyruvate metabolism, brassinosteroid biosynthesis, and, crucially, flavonoid biosynthesis, renowned for enhancing plant drought resistance. These findings deepen our comprehension of how AK10 biostimulation enhances the resilience of A. koreana to drought stress, marking a substantial advancement in the effort to conserve this endangered tree species through environmentally sustainable treatment.

• 환경생물
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.153-161
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• 2000

본 연구에서는 단각목의 일종인 소백옆새우(G. sobuegensis)를 대상으로 인공수로 하에서 pH 변화를 유도시킬 때 발생되는 개체의 표류행동에 대한 이동특성을 알아보았다. 본 종은 낮은 pH수준의 산성스트레스에서 회피행동이 현저하게 증가한다는 것을 알 수 있었으며, 또한 산성도에 따른 내성범위는 개체의 성숙도 즉 중소형보다 대형개체가 보다 민감하게 반응하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 특히 산성 스트레스에 의한 반응이 대형개체에 비해 소형과 중형개체에 있어서 매우 불규칙적으로 나타난 것은, 각종 수환경 변화에 대한 회피능력과도 같은 운동성의 차이 등을 고려해 볼 수 있었다. 전반적으로 인공 수로내의 소백옆새우 대부분 개체들은 전 시기에 걸쳐, pH4.5 이하의 낮은 수준에서 매우 민감하게 반응 한 후, 즉시 하류역 방향으로 수류의 움직임을 따라 능동적으로 회피 이동하는 특성을 보이는 것으로 나타났으며, pH3.0 이하의 강한 산성 스트레스 하에서는 오히려 회피능력을 상실하는 것으로 보여졌다. 또한 ANOVA분석결과, pH(F=353.415, p<0.0005)이외의 몇몇 환경 요인들 중 수온(F=66.596, p<0.0005)과 각 개체의 크기(F=71.386, p<0.0005)등도 낮은 산도에 의한 소백옆새우의 회피행동에 큰 영향을 미치는 주요한 요인이라는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제62권2호
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• pp.63-73
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• 2020

Drought is considered as a devastating hazard that causes serious agricultural, ecological and socio-economic impacts worldwide. Fundamentally, the drought can be defined as temporarily different levels of inadequate precipitation, soil moisture, and water supply relative to the long-term average conditions. From no unified definition of droughts, droughts have been divided into different severity level, i.e., moderate drought, severe drought, extreme drought and exceptional drought. The drought severity classification defined the ranges for each indicator for each dryness level. Because the ranges of the various indicators often don't coincide, the final drought category tends to be based on what the majority of the indicators show and on local observations. Evaporative Stress Index (ESI), a satellite-based drought index using the ratio of potential and actual evaporation, is being used as a index of the droughts occurring rapidly in a short period of time from studies showing a more sensitive and fast response to drought compared to Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), and Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI). However, ESI is difficult to provide an objective drought assessment because it does not have clear drought severity classification criteria. In this study, U.S. Drought Monitor (USDM), the standard for drought determination used in the United States, was applied to ESI, and the Percentile method was used to classify drought categories by severity. Regarding the actual 2017 drought event in South Korea, we compare the spatial distribution of drought area and understand the USDM-based ESI by comparing the results of Standardized Groundwater level Index (SGI) and drought impact information. These results demonstrated that the USDM-based ESI could be an effective tool to provide objective drought conditions to inform management decisions for drought policy.

• 환경생물
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.377-385
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• 2000

인위적인 산성스트레스가 담수산 소백옆새우(Gammarus sobaegensis Ueno)에 미치는 영향을 정체성 수조건 하에서 급, 만성 생태독성실험을 통해 알아보았다. 급성독성 실험 시 pH 3 대역에서의 반수치사시간($LT_{50}$)은 평균 0.271($\pm$0.146)day로 개체의 크기 또는 먹이의 유무 그리고 주변 환경에 대한 적응능력에 관계없이 일정한 모습을 나타내고 있었다. pH4.0대역에서의 $LT_{50}$은 0.812($\pm$0.377) day로 연장되는 것이 확인되었다. 만성 독성실험의 경우 본 종의 반수치사시간은 pH 3.0일 때 약 6-7 day로 평균 6.313 ($\pm$0.828) day 인 것으로 나타났으며, pH 5.0일 때는 평균 9.475($\pm$4.881)day의 오랜 적응 기간을 갖는 것으로 확인되었다. 이러한 차이는 먹이의 공급유무에 따라 변동이 있다는 것을 알 수 있었고, 또한 주변 환경에 적응이 잘 된 개체일수록 오랜 기간동안 생존한다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 급, 만성 pH스트레스가 가해진 소백옆새우(G. sobaegensis)의 제 2아가미 표면조직에서 심한 주름현상을 확인할 수 있어, 결국 산성스트레스는 소백옆새우(G. sobaegensis)에 있어서 급성뿐만 아니라 만성적인 영향에서도 최종적으로는 매우 치명적으로 작용한다는 사실을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국기후변화학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.77-84
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• 2016

Seedling stage is particularly important for tree survival and is easily influenced by warming. Therefore, air temperature being increased due to climate change may affect physiological traits and growth of seedlings. This study was conducted to investigate the physiological and growth responses of Larix kaempferi seedlings to open-field experimental warming. 1-year-old and 2-year-old L. kaempferi seedlings were warmed with infrared lamps since April 2015 and April 2014, respectively. The seedlings in the warmed plots were warmed to maintain the air temperature to be $3^{\circ}C$ higher than that of the control plots. Physiological responses (stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, net photosynthetic rate and total chlorophyll content) and growth responses (root collar diameter (RCD), height and biomass) to experimental warming were measured. Physiological and growth responses varied with the seedling ages. For 2-year-old L. kaempferi seedlings, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and net photosynthetic rate decreased following the warming treatment, whereas there were no changes for 1-year-old L. kaempferi seedlings. Meanwhile, total chlorophyll content was higher in warmed plots regardless of the seedling ages. Net photosynthetic rate linked with stomatal conductance also decreased due to the drought stress and decrease of photosynthetic efficiency. In response to warming, RCD, height and biomass did not show significant differences between the treatments. It seems that the growth responses were not affected as much as physiological responses were, since the physiological responses were not consistent, nor the warming treatment period was enough to have significant results. In addition, multifactorial experiments considering the impact of decreased soil moisture resulting from elevated temperatures is needed to explicate the impacts of a wide range of possible climate change scenarios.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.128-128
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• 2017

Copper (Cu) is very toxic to plant cells due to its inhibitory effects on many physiological and biochemical processes. In spite of its potential physiological and economic significance, molecular characterization after Cu stress has so far been grossly overlooked in sorghum. To explore the molecular alterations that occur in response to copper stress, the present study was executed in ten-day-old Cu-exposed leaves of sorghum seedlings. The growth of shoots was markedly reduced, and ionic alterations were prominently observed in the leaves when the seedlings were exposed to different concentrations (0, 100, and $150{\mu}M$) of $CuSO_4$. Using two-dimensional gels with silver staining, 643 differentially expressed protein spots (${\geq}1.5-fold$) were identified as either significantly increased or reduced in abundance. Of these spots, a total of 24 protein spots (${\geq}1.5-fold$) from Cu-exposed sorghum leaves were successfully analyzed by MALDI-TOF-TOF mass spectrometry. Of the 24 differentially expressed proteins from Cu-exposed sorghum leaves, a total of 13 proteins were up-regulated, and 11 proteins were down-regulated. The abundance of most identified protein species, which function in carbohydrate metabolism, stress defense, and protein translation, was significantly enhanced, while that of another protein species involved in energy metabolism, photosynthesis and growth and development were severely reduced. The resulting differences in protein expression patterns together with related morpho-physiological processes suggested that these results could help to elucidate plant adaptation to Cu stress and provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of Cu responses in $C_4$ plants. The over-expression of GAPDH plays a significant role in assisting Sorghum bicolor to attenuate the adverse effects of oxidative stress caused by Cu, and the proteins involved in resistance to stress helped the sorghum plants to tolerate high levels of Cu.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.139-145
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• 1999

방향족 탄화수소 화학물질들은 자연계에 오염되면 미생물에 의한 분해가 미미하여 장기 축적됨으로써 생명체에 독성을 나타낸다. 이러한 방향족 탄화수소가 준치사 수준의 농도로 미생물에 노출되면 stress-shock 단백질을 합성하거나 세포 구성물질에 생화학적 변화가 일어나 적응현상이 나타나게 된다. 본 연구에서는 Pseudomonas sp. DJ-12를 여러 가지 농도의 catechol 로 처리했을 때 나타나는 stress-shock 단백질의 합성양상과 함께 세포의 형태와 생존을 위한 내성의 변화를 연구하였다. Pseudomonas sp. DJ-12는 0.5~1mM 의 catechol 이 6시간 배양 후 60% 이상이 분해되었으나, 3mM 도는 그 이상의 농도에서는 전혀 분해되지 않앗고 생존 세포수는 30시간 처리 했을 때부터 \10^2$ cell/ml 또는 그 이상이 사멸되었다. DnaK는 1mM 이상의 catechol 로 10분간 처리할 때 유도 생성되었고, GroEL은 0.5 mM 이상에서 생성되었다. 10mM 의 catechol로 처리한 Pseudomonas sp. DJ-12 의 세포는 세포벽에 구멍이 생겼으며 간균의 형태가 일그러지는 변화가 관찰되었다. 준치사 농도인 1mM의 catechol 이나 benzoate 또는 4-chlorobenzoate 로 전처리한 Pseudomonas sp. DJ-12는 stress-shock 단백질이 합성되었을 뿐 아니라, 치사 농도인 10mM 의 catechol에서 tolerance를 나타내었다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.220-227
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• 1997

생육초기의 수분부족 장애에 대한 콩의 생리적 및 작물학적인 여러 형질들의 반응양상과 콩 품종들의 한발저항성을 구명하기 위하여 황금콩 등 8품종을 공시하고 생육초기반응에 대해서 토양 수분장력을 -0.3, -5및 -10bar로 달리하여 폿트를 이용한 토양재배를 하였던 바 그 주요 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 생육초기 20일간의 토양수분 부족장애시는 모든 생육지표에서 생육을 감소시켰는데 특히 엽면적과 지상부건물중의 감소가 뚜렷하였다. 토양수분 부족장애에 의한 생육감소의 품종간 차이는 절대엽면적이 큰 황금콩의 감소율이 높고, 엽면적이 작은 수원 9003가 감소율이 제일 작았다. 2. 엽중 proline 및 ABA 함량은 20일간의 토양수분 부족장애로 인해 현저히 증가하였는데, proline은 무처리구에 비해 -5 bar에서 26배내외, -10 bar에서 65배 내외 증가되었고 ABA는 각각 2.5배 및 2.9배 정도 증가되었는데, 품종들의 엽면적감소율 순위와 proline 또는 ABA 함량의 증가순위와는 일치하지 않았다. 3. 콩 생육초기 20일간 토양수분 부족장애 처리후 생육량 감소 정도와 수량의 무처리구 대비 백분율을 기준으로 품종을 구분하여 보면, 백운콩은 엽면적과 총건물중의 감소율이 작으면서 수량 감소율도 작은 품종이었으며, 팔달콩은 엽면적과 총건물중의 감소율은 크나 수량 감소율은 작은 품종이었고, Hodgson 78은 어느 형질이나 감소율이 큰 품종이었다. 4. 토양수분 부족장애가 없을 경우 수량이 높았던 장백콩과 남천콩은 토양 수분 부족장애로 인해 수량 감소율은 컸지만 수분부족 장애시에도 타품종들에 비해 수량이 높았다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.251-258
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• 2019

Objective: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) is characterized by persistent airflow limitations associated with chronic inflammatory response due to noxious particles or gases in the lung. Inflammation and oxidative stress are associated with COPD. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship among inflammation, oxidative stress, and airflow limitation severity in retired miners with COPD. Methods: The levels of serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hsCRP) as a biomarker for inflammation, degree of reactive oxygen metabolites(dROMs) and biological antioxidants potential(BAP) in plasma as biomarkers for oxidative stress were measured in 211 male subjects with COPD. Degree of airflow limitation severity as determined by spirometry was divided into three grades grouped according to the classification of the Global Initiatives for Obstructive Lung Disease(GOLD)(1, mild; 2, moderate; $3{\leq}$, severe or more) using a fixed ratio, post- bronchodilator $FEV_1/FVC$ < 0.7. Results: Mean levels of dROMs significantly increased in relation to airflow limitation severity(GOLD 1, 317.8 U.CARR vs. GOLD 2, 320.3 U.CARR vs. GOLD $3{\leq}$, 350.9 U.CARR, p=0.047) and dROMs levels were correlated with serum hsCRP levels(r=0.514, p<0.001). Mean levels of hsCRP were higher in current smokers(non-smoker, 1.47 mg/L vs. smoker, 2.34 mg/L, p=0.006), and tended to increase with degree of airflow limitation severity(p=0.071). Mean levels of BAP were lower in current smokers(non-smoker, $1873{\mu}mol/L$ vs. smoker, $1754{\mu}mol/L$, p=0.006). Conclusions: These results suggest that inflammation and oxidative stress are related to airflow limitation severity in retired miners with COPD, and there was a correlation between inflammation and oxidative stress.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.375-382
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• 2006

From its initial colonization to causation of disease, Streptococcus pneumoniae has evolved strategies to cope with a number of stressful in vivo environmental conditions. In order to analyze a global view of this organism's response to heat shock, we established a 2-D electrophoresis proteome map of the S. pneumoniae D39 soluble proteins under in vitro culture conditions and performed the comparative proteome analysis to a 37 to $42^{\circ}C$ temperature up-shift in S. pneumoniae. When the temperature of an exponentially growing S. pneumoniae D39 culture was raised to $42^{\circ}C$, the expression level of 25 proteins showed changes when compared to the control. Among these 25 proteins, 12 were identified by MALDI-TOF and LC-coupled ESI MS/MS. The identified proteins were shown to be involved in the general stress response, energy metabolism, nucleotide biosynthesis pathways, and purine metabolism. These results provide clues for understanding the mechanism of adaptation to heat shock by S. pneumoniae and may facilitate the assessment of a possible role for these proteins in the physiology and pathogenesis of this pathogen.