• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.85-92
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• 1994

EIA has been developed as a tool for environmental protection into promulgation of the Environment Preservation Act in 1977, with the introduction of EIA concept in the Pollution Control Act amended in 1971. EIA system has been improved with the enlargement of project type, public participation, guiderline improvement, and amendment of Act and presidential decree. Also, this system has been developed to reduce adverse effects affecting environment and human beings for environmentally sound and sustainable development. This study is to analyze contents of Acts and regulations relative to Environmental Impact Assessment from 1971 to recently.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.289-322
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• 2001

This paper introduces the environmental economic studies in Korea, focused especially on the environmental regulation policy and valuation of environmental resources in Korea. It can be seen from this survey that the Korean environmental economists have had most of their interests in socially hot issues such as the evaluation and alternatives of the existing environmental policy instruments, and the impacts of both the environmental regulation and greenhouse gas reduction policies, as well as economic valuation of environmental assets including air, water, and ecosystem. We need more intensive research on issues of the evaluation of individual public investment, enforcement, transaction costs and income distribution and inter-generational equity. More attention should also be paid to the valuation methods and environmental data.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2012.04a
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• pp.69-74
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• 2012

Looming global environmental pollution problems around the world movement to minimize the environmental pollution is actively taking place. International Maritime Organization (IMO) a significant portion of the marine pollution by exhaust gases emitted from vessel considered, and accordingly developed around the ship and ship-related environmental regulations, emission standards are going to strengthen gradually, the development of environmentally friendly vessels and equipment is proceeding actively.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2020

The rapid climate change is strengthening carbon emissions regulations internationally. Korea is strongly pressed to accept the obligation to reduce greenhouse gases as one of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. This article analyzed the Granger causalities among environmental regulation, economic growth, electricity consumption, and CO₂ emission in Korea, using unit root test, cointegration test, and vector error correction model. As the results, environmental regulation has shown the bidirectional causalities with electricity consumption and CO₂ emission, while being unilaterally affected by economic growth in the long-run and strong relationship. Economic growth has affected electricity consumption, CO2 emission, and environmental regulation in the long-run, in the complex structure of the unilateral and short-run causality with electricity consumption and the bidirectional causality with CO2 emission. The policy implications will be as follows: ① environmental regulation should induce sustainable growth through encouraging technological innovation relating to CO2 reduction and productivity enhancement. ② Responding to the international CO2 reduction regulation, the synthetic policy initiatives will be considered to make synergy effects among policies relating to economic growth, electricity consumption.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.473-498
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• 2017

This study examines the effect of environmental regulation considering the endogeneity on the productivity of Korean manufacturing industry based on the Porter hypothesis using data from the Mining and Manufacturing Survey, Survey of Research and Development in Korea, and Environmental Statistics Portal from 2003 to 2013 with fixed effect model. In order to eliminate the bias of the missing variables that may occur in the existing studies, we analyze factors affecting productivity such as market competition, R&D investment as explanatory variables. And, in order to eliminate measurement error and inverse causality, we use instrumental variable approach. The main results are as follows. First, our findings that the environmental regulation improve the productivity of Korean manufacturing in the long-run support the Porter hypothesis. Second, our findings suggest that measurement error and reverse causality are main sources of the endogeneity, while omitted variable is not. Finally, environmental technology R&D has reduced productivity in the short-run.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.131-149
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• 1995

The object of this study is to suggest some alternatives for environmental management towards sustainable urban development of Chongju city in Korea. This study analyses urban environmental indicators (population density, land use, road, park, car, etc.), level of air and water pollution and solids waste generation by comparing Chongju city and other large cities. Some alternatives towards sustainable development in Chongju city would be summerized and suggested as higher concentrated land use(compact city), mixed land use, supply of mass transit, establishment of regional environmental standards, total emission regulation of air and water pollutants, the preparation of Local Agenda21 of Chongju, and the introduction of strategic environmental assessment(SEA) into environmental impact assessment.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.63-71
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• 1995

This study analyzes the problems of environmental laws, development planning laws, Metropolitan Area Development Planning (MADP), and the level of environmental pollution at Asan-bay metropolitan area, where MADP will be realized in the near future. In order to prevent environmental pollution by the implementation of MADP, the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Act and EIA systems in Korea should be revised so as to reflect the followings. First, the impact of national landuse planning changes on the environment should be considered at the beginning of the EIA procedures. Second, the overlapping and greater impact of many projects upon surrounding metropolitan areas should be simultaneously evaluated, though each project is the subject of EIA, and the environmental pollution protection and abatement alternatives must be made in accordance with the above impact of the projects. Thirdly, total effluent regulation of water pollution, air pollution and solid wastes should be enforced based on the self-purification of the metropolitan area environment.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.115-122
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• 2000

Biocides, or non-agricultural pesticides, are a broad class of chemical. They are including biological agents used to disinfect/sanitize, pesticides for non-agricultural use, wood preservatives, antifoulants, etc. Since the early 1980s, many adverse effects of biocides to human health and ecosystem have been found in the world. Especially, antifouling biocide like TBT caused serious toxic effects on the marine organisms. Therefore, OECD began to work on biocides in mid 1996 to help Member countries co-operate in the assessment and registration of these products. EU also announced the Biocidal Products Directive (BPD, 98/8/EC) in 1998 to harmonize regulatory approaches to allow EU countries to conduct evaluations of biocides more efficiently. Korea just start to consider of biocides regulation. Some biocides products are regulated, but not all the biocides which are using in Korea. Therefore, we need to make a appropriate regulation for the all biocides categories. In addition, there are necessary to develop risk assessment tools, to survey the use pattern and amount, to research on the ecosystem contamination by the biocides .

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.21-56
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• 2022

Since Michael Porter (1991) has proposed that environmental regulation can help a firm increase its competitiveness by encouraging it to engage in more innovative activities to meet the environmental regulation, a number of researchers have empirically investigated the "Porter Hypothesis." However, the empirical results still remain mixed. Combining the perspectives of the behavioral theory of the firm and firm heterogeneity, we argue that the levels of regulation stringency and time-pressure would differentially influence a firm's innovative behavior depending on the firm's aspiration level, performance feedback and technological capabilities. Using the U.S. Corporate Average Fuel Efficiency (CAFE) regulation context, we empirically demonstrate that lagging firms that do not meet the new regulation standard announced by the government tend to search for more distant knowledge and that the impact of the patents they file for decreases as the regulation becomes more stringent. In addition, we also find that as time-pressure increases, lagging firms stand to apply for more patents than do leading firms whereas the overall impact of the patents decreases. These results help us advance our understanding of the nuanced causal relationship between regulation and innovation and provide practical implications for policymakers.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.59-86
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• 2013

We analyzed the correlation among the GHG (Greenhouse Gas) emission, energy consumption and economic growth for the 6 specific regions in Korea by using Panel approaches with the test of the EKC hypothesis. We also analyzed the effects of environmental regulation on GHG and economic growth. The results show that by testing of the EKC (Environmental Kuznets Curve) hypothesis model,the effects of the environmental regulation and the structure of industries on GHC emission have a significant result on the regional analysis for SOx. For the NOx and TSP, only TK region passed the turning point of the EKC among the 6 specific regions. And, for the Co, the Central, Honam and the PUKN region passed the turning point of the EKC. This is because GHG emissions by the environment regulation had a weak path effect and also regional industry structures had a weak relation with regional GHG emissions.