• 제목/요약/키워드: environmental radioactivity

검색결과 174건 처리시간 0.028초

Effect of NAPL(non-aqueous phase liquid) on enhanced biodegradation of phenanthrene

  • Cho, Joong-Hoon;Raina M. Miller;Yang, Ji-Won
    • 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국지하수토양환경학회 1998년도 공동 심포지엄 및 추계학술발표회
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    • pp.93-96
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    • 1998
  • NAPL이 다핵방향족화합물의 하나인 phenanthrene 의 생분해에 미치는 영향을 알아보았다. Pseudomonas putida CRE7 을 이용한 실험에서 NAPL 의 첨가로 인한 가장 큰 차이는 미생물의 소수성의 변화였다. 소수성이 증대됨으로써 phenanthrene 의 가용성이 증대되었으며, 이로 인해 더 많은 양의 오염물 분해가 이루어졌다. 생물학적 분해의 관찰은 발생되어지는 $^{14}$ $CO_2$의 radioactivity 측정을 통해 이루어졌으며, 미생물의 소수성 측정은 bacterial adhesion to hydrocarbon (BATH) assay 를 이용하였다.

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벼, 콩 및 채소류에 대한 Mn-54, Co-60, Zn-65, Cs-137의 토양-작물체간 전이계수 (Soil-to-Plant Transfer Coefficients of Mn-54, Co-6O, Zn-65 and Cs-137 for Rice, Soybean and Vegetalbles)

  • 최용호;김국찬;이창우;이강석;이정호;박찬걸;조용우
    • Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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    • 제16권2호
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    • pp.55-65
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    • 1991
  • 벼, 콩, 상치, 당근, 호박의 가식부위에 대하여 몇 가지 토양에 있어서 토양-작물체간 Mn-54, Co-60, Zn-65, Cs-137의 전이계수를 포트 재배에 의한 방사성 추적자 흡수실험을 통하여 조사하였다. 핵종간 전이계수는 거의 모든 경우 Zn-65>Mn-54>Cs-137>Co-60의 순이었다 중이 벼보다 전반적으로 한 자리 정도 높은 값을 보였고 채소류의 경우에는 대체로 상치에서 가장 높고 호박에서 가장 낮은 값을 보였다. 강산성 토양에서는 약산성 토양에서보다 전이계수가 철센 높았다. 본 조사결과에 입각하여 한국인의 섭식경로 피폭선량 평가에 이용하기 위한 각 핵종의 전이계수치가 작물별로 제안되었다.

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감마분광분석을 이용한 환경 중 방사성요오드(131I)의 측정 불확도에 관한 사례 연구 (A Case Study about Counting Uncertainty of Radioactive Iodine (131I) in Public Waters by Using Gamma Spectrometry)

  • 조윤해;설빛나;민경옥;김완석;이준배;이수형
    • 대한환경공학회지
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    • 제38권1호
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    • pp.42-46
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    • 2016
  • 환경에 존재하는 인공방사성핵종 중 방사성요오드($^{131}I$)는 주로 갑상선질환의 치료에 사용되며 환자의 배출과정을 통해 체외로 방출된다. 붕괴가 채 끝나지 않은 $^{131}I$는 환경으로 방출되어 공공수역에서 검출될 수 있다. 본 연구는 공공수역에서 검출된 $^{131}I$ 방사능 결과의 정확도 및 신뢰도에 영향을 미치는 불확도 중 계측 과정에서 발생하는 불확도에 대하여 금강수계의 실제 사례를 조사하였다. 시료는 금강권역 삽교천 수계의 하천수 및 그 상류의 하수처리장 방류수를 대상으로 하였으며, 시료량에 따른 불확도를 확인하기 위하여 각 지점의 시료를 1, 10, 20 L로 채수하였다. 채취한 시료는 시료량에 따라 전 처리를 거친 후 1 L 마리넬리 비커에 충전하여 HPGe (High Purity Germanium) 감마선 검출기를 이용하여 10,000초 단위로 계측 분석하여 계측시간 및 방사능에 따른 측정불확도를 비교하였다. 각 지점의 방사능 농도는 0.03~1.8 Bq/L로, 채취시점에 따라 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. $^{131}I$의 방사능 농도가 0.3 Bq/L 수준인 경우 시료량이 1 L이면 약 80,000초 계측 시까지 핵종의 존재여부를 판단하지 못하는 경우가 발생하였으나, 같은 조건에서 시료량을 증가시켜 계측한 경우 10,000초 이상의 계측시간부터 불확도 10% 범위에 포함되는 것으로 나타났다. $^{131}I$의 짧은 반감기를 고려하여 즉시 계측이 가능한 1 L 생시료 계측 방법을 사용할 수 있으나, 불확도 수준과 전처리 및 계측에 소요되는 시간을 비교하였을 때, 10 L 시료의 계측을 통해 높은 신뢰도의 측정 결과를 얻을 수 있는 합리적인 방법이라고 판단되었다.

Development of Anticosmic Shielded Ultra Low Background Gamma Spectrometer for Precise Measurement of Environmental Radioactivity

  • Byun, Jong-In;Park, Yun-Ho;Kwak, Seung-Im;Hwang, Han-Yull;Chung, Kun-Ho;Park, Gun-Sik;Park, Doo-Won;Lee, Chnag-Woo
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • 제34권6호
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    • pp.545-552
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    • 2002
  • We developed an ultra low background gamma ray spectrometer particularly suitable for experiment which require lower detection limit. The background of a germanium spectrometer is suppressed by applying active and passive shielding technique at the same time. The active shielding devices consist of plastic scintillating plates of 50 mm thick and anti-coincidence electronic system. The shielding is made of 150 mm thick walls of very low activity lead,20 mm with activity of <10 Bq/kg and 130 mm with activity of <50 Bq/kg. The observed background count rates are 1.2 $s^{-1}$ and 0.36 $s^{-1}$ without and with the active shielding, respectively, overall the energy regions from 30 keV to 3 MeV The cosmic ray induced background is suppressed by a rate of 0.8 $s^{-1}$ at the present work. The detection efficiency curve necessary to obtain the radioactivity of environmental samples has been precisely determined on the energy regions from 80 to 2000 keV with a 10$^3$ ml marinelli beaker sample, consisting of the calibrated radionuclides $^{109}$ Cd, $^{57}$ CO, $^{139}$ Ce, $^{203}$ Hg, $^{113}$ Sn, $^{85}$Sr, $^{137}$ Cs, $^{60}$ Co and $^{88}$ Y. Virtues Of the method are demonstrated by measuring the activity of $^{137}$ Cs contained in the powdered milk.

Activity concentrations and radiological hazard assessments of 226Ra, 232Th, 40K, and 137Cs in soil samples obtained from the Dongnam Institute of Radiological & Medical Science, Korea

  • Jieun Lee;HyoJin Kim;Yong Uk Kye; Dong Yeon Lee;Wol Soon Jo;Chang Geun Lee;Jeung Kee Kim;Jeong-Hwa Baek;Yeong-Rok Kang
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • 제55권7호
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    • pp.2388-2394
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    • 2023
  • The radioactivity concentration of environmental radionuclides was analyzed for soil and sand at eight locations within a radius of 255 m centered on the Dongnam Institute of Radiological & Medical Science (DIRAMS), Korea. The average activity concentrations of 40K, 137Cs, 226Ra, and 232Th were 661.1 Bq/kg-dry, 0.9 Bq/kg-dry, 21.9 Bq/kg-dry, and 11.1 Bq/kg-dry, respectively. The activity of 40K and 137Cs was lower than the 3-year (2017-2019) average reported by the Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety, respectively. Due to the nature of granite-rich soil, the radioactivity of 40K was 0.6-fold higher than in other countries, while 137Cs was in the normal fluctuation range (15-30 Bq/kg-dry) of the concentration of radioactive fallout from nuclear tests. The activity of 226Ra and 232Th was lower than in Korean soils reported by the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR). The average activity concentrations of 232Th and 40K for the soil and sand samples from DIRAMS were within the range specified by UNSCEAR in 2000. The radium equivalent activity and internal and external hazard index values were below the recommended limits (1 mSv/y). These radionuclide concentration (226Ra, 232Th, 40K, and 137Cs) data can be used for regional environmental monitoring and ecological impact assessments of nuclear power plant accidents.

Analysis of radioactivity levels and hazard assessment of black sand samples from Rashid area, Egypt

  • Abdel-Rahman, Mohamed A.E.;El-Mongy, Sayed A.
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • 제49권8호
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    • pp.1752-1757
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    • 2017
  • The aim of this study is to evaluate the radioactivity levels and radiological impacts of representative black sand samples collected from different locations in the Rashid area, Egypt. These samples were prepared and then analyzed using the high-resolution gamma ray spectroscopy technique with a high-purity germanium detector. The activity concentration ($A_c$), minimum detectable activity, absorbed gamma dose rate, external hazard index ($H_{ex}$), annual effective dose rate equivalent, radium equivalent, as well as external and internal hazard index ($H_{ex}$ and $H_{in}$, respectively) were estimated based on the measured radionuclide concentration of the $^{238}U$($^{226}Ra$) and $^{232}Th$ decay chains and $^{40}K$. The activity concentrations of the $^{238}U$, $^{232}Th$ decay series and $^{40}K$ of these samples varied from $45.11{\pm}3.1Bq/kg$ to $252.38{\pm}34.3Bq/kg$, from $64.65{\pm}6.1Bq/kg$ to $579.84{\pm}53.1Bq/kg$, and from $403.36{\pm}20.8Bq/kg$ to $527.47{\pm}23.1Bq/kg$, respectively. The activity concentration of $^{232}Th$ in Sample 1 has the highest value compared to the other samples; this value is also higher than the worldwide mean range as reported by UNSCEAR 2000. The total absorbed gamma dose rate and the annual effective dose for these samples were found to vary from 81.19 nGy/h to 497.81 nGy/h and from $99.86{\mu}Sv/y$ to $612.31{\mu}Sv/y$, which are higher than the world average values of 59 nGy/h and $70{\mu}Sv/y$, respectively. The $H_{ex}$ values were also calculated to be 3.02, 0.47, 0.63, 0.87, 0.87, 0.51 and 0.91. It was found that the calculated value of $H_{ex}$ for Sample 1 is significantly higher than the international acceptable limit of <1. The results are tabulated, depicted, and discussed within national and international frameworks, levels, and approaches.

大氣環境에 排出된 放射能에 依한 放射線 被曝 線量 計算을 爲한 放射線學的 方法論의 考察 (Radiological Methodology for Calculating Radiation Dose from Airborne Radioactivity Released to the Environment)

  • 황선태;황의환
    • 한국대기환경학회지
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    • 제5권1호
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    • pp.33-42
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    • 1989
  • 오늘날, 原子力 發電은 전기 에너지의 供給에 主要한 役割을 하고 있다. 그러나 모든 原子力發展所에서는 그 正常 稼動中에 主로 核分裂에 의해서 發生되는 放射性 氣體로 因한 放射能을 적은 量이지만 大氣中에 排出시키는데 事故 發生時에는 상당히 많은 量의 放射能을 放出시킬 수 있다. 正常 稼動되고 있는 原子力發展所의 환경영향을 評價하여 放射線許容標準 內에서 확실히 하며 원자로 事故에 의한 放射線學的 結果를 確認하기 위하여 放出된 放射能으로부터의 住民에게 被曝된 放射線 線量을 計算하는 것은 매우 필요한 過程이다. 그러한 被曝線量計算은 原子力 發展의 受容性을 決定하는데 또한 重要한 役割을 한다. 放射線 被曝線量 計算이 遂行되기 前에 앞서서 放射能 噴出物이 大氣중에 排出된 후 그 濃度가 어떻게 周圍에 分布되는 가를 決定하는 것이 必要하다. 本 論文에서는 이러한 문제를 고려하면서 放射線 被曝線量 計算에 關하여 論에서 言及된다.

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Histology and Histochemistry of the Male and Female Reproductive System of the Sesarmid Crab Muradium Tetragonum

  • Pothiappan Kumarasamy;Viswambaram Ganapiriya;Kannayiram Muthukumaravel;Manickam Sasipriya;Bharathi Santhanabharathi;Mohamed Saiyad Musthafa;Marckasagayam Priyadharshini
    • 통합자연과학논문집
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    • 제16권1호
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    • pp.13-31
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    • 2023
  • The sesarmid crab Muradium tetragonum, inhabiting the mangrove, are considered as a key consumer of litter and thereby play an important role in the detritus food chain and energy flow in the mangrove ecosystem. The present investigation was carried out with objectives to enlighten the reproductive system of Muradium tetragonum through histological and histochemical studies. Histological organization of the testis of M. tetragonum revealed that each testis has a lobular structure consisting of several testicular lobules arranged around the collecting duct. Histology of the deferens of M. tetragonum revealed it to be composed of three-layer of tissues along the entire length:the outer connective tissue, the middle muscular and the inner epithelial layer. Based on the histological architecture these three regions are recognized as proximal vas deferens (PVD), middle vas deferens (MVD) and distal vas deferens (DVD). Histological characteristics of the ovary of M. tetragonum during different phases of ovarian development were studied. Based on the colour changes of the ovary and diameter of the oocytes five stages of ovarian development can be pronounced. Histochemical analysis of the male reproductive tissues of M. tetragonum signifies the secretion of a different biomolecule by specifying their origin in the reproductive tissue and their possible transformation into spermatophores. In the female reproductive tissues, histochemical evaluation envisaged the secretory products during different stages of ovarian development The secretory substances of the spermatheca expound on the significance of its secretion in dehiscing the spermatophore wall and in nourishing as well as protecting the spermatozoa.

[14C]Butachlor의 벼에 대한 흡수 및 대사 (Adsorption and Metabolism of [14C]butachlor in Rice Plants Under Pot Cultivation)

  • 김주혜;김종환;김대욱;;김찬섭;임양빈;서종수
    • 농약과학회지
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    • 제19권3호
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    • pp.174-184
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    • 2015
  • OECD Test guideline 501에 따라, 벼에서의 [$^{14}C$]butachlor의 식물대사 시험을 실시하였다. 시험토양은 국내 논토양의 대표적인 토성인 양토였으며, 사용지침서상의 사용법에 준하여 이앙 6일 후 [$^{14}C$]butachlor를 입제로 조제하여 1.5 kg/ha 수준으로 토양 수면에 처리하였다. 시료는 시험물질 처리 후 85일과 126일에 채취하였다. 85일 시료는 이삭, 벼 잎, 뿌리로 126일 후 시료는 현미, 왕겨, 볏짚, 뿌리로 분리하였다. 모든 식물 부위의 총 방사성 잔류량은 0.01 mg/kg 이상이었다. 그 후, 대사산물과 모화합물를 확인하기 위하여 극성이 다른 유기용매와 물 혼합용액을 이용하여 시료를 추출 후 Radio-HPLC로 분석하였다. 벼 추출액 중 butachlor는 검출되지 않았고, 5개의 잠정적 주요 대사산물(M1, M2, M3, M4 그리고 M5)이 검출되었으며, 대사산물 중 M4는 2,6-diethylanline로 동정되었다. 토양 추출액에서 N-(butoxymethyl)-N-(2,6-diethyl phenyl)acetamide, 2,6-diethylaniline, M2, M3 그리고 M5가 검출되었으며 butachlor의 농도는 낮은 수준 (약 0.03 mg/kg)으로 검출되었다.

Novel approach to predicting the release probability when applying the MARSSIM statistical test to a survey unit with a specific residual radioactivity distribution based on Monte Carlo simulation

  • Chun, Ga Hyun;Cheong, Jae Hak
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • 제54권5호
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    • pp.1606-1615
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    • 2022
  • For investigating whether the MARSSIM nonparametric test has sufficient statistical power when a site has a specific contamination distribution before conducting a final status survey (FSS), a novel approach was proposed to predict the release probability of the site. Five distributions were assumed: lognormal distribution, normal distribution, maximum extreme value distribution, minimum extreme value distribution, and uniform distribution. Hypothetical radioactivity populations were generated for each distribution, and Sign tests were performed to predict the release probabilities after extracting samples using Monte Carlo simulations. The designed Type I error (0.01, 0.05, and 0.1) was always satisfied for all distributions, while the designed Type II error (0.01, 0.05, and 0.1) was not always met for the uniform, maximum extreme value, and lognormal distributions. Through detailed analyses for lognormal and normal distributions which are often found for contaminants in actual environmental or soil samples, it was found that a greater statistical power was obtained from survey units with normal distribution than with lognormal distribution. This study is expected to contribute to achieving the designed decision error when the contamination distribution of a survey unit is identified, by predicting whether the survey unit passes the statistical test before undertaking the FSS according to MARSSIM.