• 환경영향평가
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.394-401
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• 2018

본 연구는 환경영향평가의 생태면적률의 인구, 지역, 사업 유형, 총 사업면적에 따른 경향성을 분석하였다. 생태면적률은 총대지면적 중 생태적 기능이 있는 토지면적의 비율로, 생태계 보존과 개발된 단지에서 생활하는 시민들의 건강과 삶의 질에 중요한 요소이다. 현재 환경영향평가에서는 가중치가 고려된 생태면적과 총 사업면적의 비로 생태면적률을 산출하며, 각 사업 유형 별로 최소 목표 생태면적률을 제시하여 최소한의 생태면적을 확보하도록 하고 있다. 경향성에 대한 평가는 도시의 개발, 산업입지 및 산업단지 조성, 관광단지 개발, 폐기물처리시설 및 분뇨처리시설의 설치 사업 등 총 4가지 사업에 대하여 총 55개의 표본을 근거로 하였다. 본 연구는 경향성을 분석한 결과 인구에 대한 고려가 반영된 척도, 사업빈도와 지역 전체를 고려한 생태면적률 조정, 그리고 최소달성치 달성 여부에 대한 규제 강화를 통해 현 제도를 개선해야 한다는 결론을 얻었다. 본 연구 이후로 더 많은 수의 데이터를 포함한 광범위한 연구와, 구체적 제도개선에 대한 연구가 후속되어야 한다.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.291-306
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• 2011

본 연구의 목적은 수자원사업과 관련된 대표적 환경지표를 제시하고 더불어 사업전후 정량, 정성적 예측을 통합, 반영하는 일련의 방법을 제시하는 것이다. 구체적으로 수질, 경관, 생태계의 3가지 환경성 평가기준과 각각의 평가지표를 제시하였고, MAUT 기법을 이용하여 3가지 평가기준에 대한 효용함수를 전문가 설문을 통해 각각 도출하였다. 사업에 따른 영향정도는 정량적으로 예측된 결과를 사용하거나 이것이 어려울 경우 각 기준별 영향정도를 설문을 통하여 정성적으로 예측하는 방안을 제시하였다. 한편, 평가기준별 가중치는 해당 사업의 특수성을 고려하고자 사업별로 결정하는 것이 바람직하다고 제시하였으며, 이러한 일련의 과정은 사례연구로부터 적용성을 검토하였다. 본 연구의 결과물은 향후 사업에 따른 환경변화에 민감한 수자원사업에서 의사결정 지원수단으로 사용가능할 것으로 기대된다.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제31권
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• pp.27-56
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• 2006

Today's financial institutions usually take environmental issues seriously into consideration as they could not evade lender liability in an increasing number of cases. On the international scene, a brand-new concept of the "Equator Principles" in the New Millenium has driven more and more international banks to adopt these Principles in project financing. Sustainable development has been a key word in understanding new trends of the governments, financial institutions, corporations and civic groups in the 21st century. The Equator Principles are a set of voluntary environmental and social guidelines for sustainable finance. These Principles commit bank officers to avoid financial support to projects that fail to meet these guidelines. The Principles were conceived in 2002 on an initiative of the International Finance Corporation(IFC), and launched in June 2003. Since then, dozens of major banks, accounting for up to 80 percent of project loan market, have adopted the Principles. Accordingly, the Principles have become the de facto standard for all banks and investors on how to deal with potential social and environmental issues of projects to be financed. Compliance with the Equator Principles facilitates for endorsing banks to participate in the syndicated loan and help them to manage the risks associated with large-scale projects. The Equator Principles call for financial institutions to provide loans to projects under the following circumstances: - The risk of the project is categorized in accordance with internal guidelines based upon the environmental and social screening criteria of the IFC. - For Category A and B projects, borrowers or sponsors are required to conduct a Social and Environmental Assessment, the preparation of which must meet certain requirements and satisfactorily address key social and environmental issues. - The Social and Environmental Assessment report should address baseline social and environmental conditions, requirements under host country laws and regulations, sustainable development, and, as appropriate, IFC's Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines, etc. - Based on the Social and Environmental Assessment, Equator banks then make agreements with borrowers on how they mitigate, monitor and manage the risks through a Social and Environmental Management System. Compliance with the plan is included in the covenant clause of loan agreements. If the borrower doesn't comply with the agreed terms, the bank will take corrective actions. The Equator Principles are not a mere declaration of cautious banks but a full commitment of lenders. A violation of the Principles in the process of project financing, which led to an unexpected damage to the affected community, would not give rise to any specific legal remedies other than ordinary lawsuits. So it is more effective for banks to ensure consistent implementation of the Principles and to have them take responsible measures to solve social and environmental issues. Public interests have recently mounted up with respect to environmental issues on the occasion of the Supreme Court's decision (2006Du330) on the fiercely debated reclamation project at Saemangeum. The majority Justices said that the expected environmental damages like probable pollution of water and soil were not believed so serious and that the Administration should continue to implement the project seeking ways to make it more environment friendly. In this case, though the Category A Saemangeum Project was carried out by a government agency, the Supreme Court behaved itself as a signal giver to approve or stop the environment-related project like an Equator bank in project financing. At present, there is no Equator bank in Korea in contrast to three big banks in Japan. Also Korean contractors, which are aggressively bidding for Category A-type projects in South East Asia and Mideast, might find themselves in a disadvantageous position because they are generally ignorant of the environmental assessment associated with project financing. In this regard, Korean banks and overseas project contractors should care for the revised Equator Principles and the latest developments in project financing more seriously. It's because its scope has expanded to the capital cost of US$10 million or more across all industry sectors regardless of developing countries or not. It should be noted that, for a Korean bank, being an Equator bank is more or less burdensome in a short-term period, but it must be conducive to minimizing risks and building up good reputation in the long run.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 3th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.1414-1418
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• 2009

International construction projects typically manifest difficult, complex, and varied types of risk exposures; because of this, there is a need for accurate evaluation of risk-integrated performances during the timeframe of project execution. Given the financial crisis currently affecting the world economy recession, risk management has become a more crucial part for the success of international project management. However, the majority of risk management approaches, particularly for overseas projects, are focused primarily on simple forms of checklists, formalization of risk variables affecting project performance for a specific phase, or more complicated computational methods that restricting practical utilization in real-world projects; moreover, these methods lack the conceptual basis to broadly visualize the level of risk over all phases of a project. This study suggests an efficient, yet simple risk-integrated total index to successfully assess the risk levels of overseas construction projects. To this end, this paper first investigates the life cycles and key processes of decision-making for a given project and then derives formulas to represent the total risk index (TRI) along the key decision-making processes. In addition, the study examines the relationships between TRI and performance levels based on the analysis of 126 real-world project samples. Validations using the proposed TRI showed a high correlation to project performance, signifying the usefulness of the proposed approach for construction firms when investigating the level of risks and key areas for management focus.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 7th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management Summit Forum on Sustainable Construction and Management
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• pp.291-296
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• 2017

Infrastructure development as national project suffers from social conflict which is one of main risk to be managed. Social conflicts have a negative impact on not only the social integration but also the national economy as they require enormous social costs to be solved. Against this backdrop, this study analyzes social conflict using articles published by online news media based on web-crawling and natural language processing (NLP) techniques. As an illustrative case, the Jeju Naval Base (JNB) project which is one of representative conflict case in South Korea is analyzed. Total of 21,788 articles and representative keywords are identified annually. Additionally, comparative analysis is conducted between the extracted keywords and actual events occurred during the project. The authors explain actual events in the JNB project based on the extracted words by the year. This study contributes to analyze social conflict and to extract meaningful information from unstructured data.

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.121-129
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• 2013

본 연구는 해역이용협의제도의 실효성 확보를 위하여 해양 개발사업의 사후환경관리에 대한 문제점을 파악하고 개선 방안을 제시하였다. 협의내용 이행 및 점검 소홀, 사후관리조치 및 결과보고 미흡, 사후관리 인식저하 및 전문성 부족 등으로 개발사업의 사후관리가 제대로 이루어지지 않고 있으며, 또한 사후 해양환경영향조사의 경우도 사업전후 결과의 검증이 매우 중요한 사항인데도 형식적으로 추진되는 등 사후환경관리에 많은 문제가 나타나고 있다. 따라서 해역 이용협의제도의 실효성을 확보하기 위한 사후환경관리 개선방안으로 관계자들의 사후관리 인식제고 및 이행력 확보가 절실히 요구되며, 갈등해소를 위한 사후관리시스템 구축, 협의내용 미 이행 사항에 대한 제재 및 책임성을 강화해야 하고, 아울러 체계적인 사후 해양환경영향조사 모니터링방안이 정립되어야 할 것이다.

• 기술사
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.46-50
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• 1982

Following rapid industrial development and urbanization in Korea, there is a need for the Government to implement effective control of pollution and to undertake specific schemes in areas where pollution of the environment is severe. In response to this need, Government of Korea prepare Han River Basin Environmental Master Plan Project for water, air, solid waste to cover environmental protection of the Han River Basin. The Project area is approximately 27,000 sq. Km extending over Seoul, Kyunggi, Kwangwon, Chungbuk Province. The total population of Master Plan Project area is approximately 11.6 million, or one-third of the total population of Korea. There are about 8,000 industries, including those located in 16 industrial complexes, in the project area. The scope of work and terms of reference are the following: (1) A Summary of existing land use and forecasts for changes in land use by the year 2,000. (2) Emission inventories for air, waste water, and solid wastes. (3) Forecasts of future population growth patterns and pollution loadings. (4) Identification of specific projects needs to reduce pollution levels and satisfy the environmental quality standards. (5) A Program of enforcement to include (i) self monitoring, and (ii) governmental inspections and surveillance. (6) A program for quality improvement and quality assurance of environmental measurements. (7) Reports summarizing all data collected analyzed during the study. (8) Conceptual design and feasibility studies, including cost estimates, for needed pollution control projects. (9) A financial plan for future detailed design and construction of public facilities, for financial incentives to industry, and for user charges for industrial use of public treatment of disposal works.

• 한국BIM학회 논문집
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.8-15
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• 2017

Building Information modeling is playing an important role in transforming the construction industry. It helped the industry with better visualization, minimum design errors, and excellent planning of the construction activities. Time and cost saving can be effectively achieved by using BIM for any construction project. It improves information exchange between all the project stakeholders. However, the development of earthwork 3D BIM is still underway and has not been fully implemented yet. This paper presents the study of a complete process for Earthwork BIM design using Autodesk Civil 3D. A real site road construction project is used as a case study to explain the process of earthwork modeling, starting from laser scanning to 3D model. Quantity take off calculation is very important part of any road construction project so during this study earthwork volume from two 3D earthwork model is calculated. The results obtained through this study will be the basis for future work which has been concluded in this paper.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.95-102
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• 2012

To evaluate the effect of the 4 major rivers restoration project in the Nakdong River to water quality of the river, the Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code (EFDC) and Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program (WASP), are applied in series. Results showed overall decrease in biochemical oxygen demand ($BOD_5$) concentrations and increase in chlorophyll-a concentrations, while total nitrogen and total phosphorous concentrations did not show significant changes, relatively. Decrease in $BOD_5$ concentrations seems to be influenced by an increased hydraulic residence time, which may allow more time for the degradation of organic material. Changes in Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration, due to the project were more significant for the upper stream areas that show relatively low Chl-a concentration ranges (less than 20 g/L). After the introduction of the Geumho River in the middle part of the Nakdong River, rapid growth of phytoplankton was observed. However, in this middle part of the Nakdong River, the ratio of Chl-a concentration change are less significant, compared to the upper stream areas, due to the project. In the lower stream area, Chl-a concentration decreased after the project. This seems to be resulted from the decreased light availability, due to increased depth, while the nutrient concentrations have been high enough to support phytoplankton growth.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 6th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.213-216
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• 2015

Despite the significant increase of Korean contractors in the international construction market, many SMCCs (Small & Medium Construction Companies) have suffered in the global financial crisis, and some of them have been kicked out of the international market after experiencing huge losses on projects. SMCCs face obstacles in the international market, such as an insufficient ability to gather information and inappropriate management of associated risks, which lead to difficulties in establishing effective business strategies. In other words, making immature decisions without an effective business strategy may cause not only the failure of one project but also the bankruptcy of the SMCC. To overcome this, the research presented herein aims to propose a decision support system for SMCCs, which would screen projects and make a go/no-go decision at the early stages of international projects. The proposed system comprises a double axis: (1) a profit prediction model, which evaluates 10 project properties using an objective methodology based on a historical project performance database and roughly suggests expected profit rate, and (2) a feasibility assessment model, which evaluates 17 project environment factors in a subjective and quantitative methodology based on experience and supervision. Finally, a web-based system is established to enhance the practical usability, which is expected to be a good reference for inexperienced SMCCs to make proper decisions and establish effective business strategies.