• 지질공학
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.351-357
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• 2006

상수원으로 사용하고 있는 주요 하천으로의 위해물질의 유입은 정수장에서의 고도기술을 요구하게 된다. 그러므로 산업폐수로부터 방류되는 이들 미량유해화학물질의 모니터링을 적절하게 하는 것은 위해도 저감 뿐 만 아니라 하천관리의 경제성도 증가시킬 수 있다. 본 연구를 통해 모니터링 한 여러 미량 유해화학물질 중에서 산업폐수의 방류수에서 검출된 오염물질 중 가장 주요한 항목은 Hexachlorobutadiene 였다. 그러나 반도체, 전기/전자 및 금속조립 산업폐수로 구성된 Group II에서는 모든 항목이 불검출로 나타났다. 따라서 향후 상수원 수질개선 및 보호를 하기 위해 모니터링 항목을 선정하는데 있어서는 해당 수계로 부하되는 물질들의 특성과 거동을 제대로 파악하기 위한 사전모니터링을 실시하여 시간, 노력 및 경제적인 손실을 최소화하여 효율적인 상수원관리를 해야 한다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.419-429
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• 2016

Objectives: According to the new Chemical Control Act from the Korean Ministry of Environment (2014-259), workers handling hazardous chemicals should wear personal protective equipment (PPE). However the act simply states in basic phrases that every worker handling one or more of the 69 listed chemicals should wear PPE and does not consider the unique hazard characteristics of chemicals and work types. The main purpose of this study is to provide basic data to revise the act to suit particular work processes and situations. Methods: The hazard rank of the substances was classified based on hazardous characteristics such as LC50 and vapor pressure using matrix analysis. The workplace exposure risk of the substances was also determined through a matrix analysis based on the previously determined hazard ranks and the demands of manual handling together with the likelihood of accident frequency of the operation combined with the exposure of workers during spill accidents. Results: To meet the demands for developing subsequent guidelines for the risk-based application of PPE in hazardous workplaces, this study sorted the 69 listed chemicals into five hazardous categories based on their LC50 and vapor pressures, and also assigned exposure categories according to exposure vulnerability for various types of work which are frequently performed throughout the life cycle of the chemicals. Conclusion: In the next study, an exposure risk matrix will be produced using the hazard rank of chemicals and workplace exposure risk, and then PPE will be selected to suit the categories of the exposure risk matrix.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.926-932
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• 2006

A series of bench-scale membrane filtration experiments were performed to systematically investigate the removal mechanisms of reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) membranes for BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylene, xylene), trichloroethylene (TCE) and tetrachloroethylene (PCE). The molecular weight of these organic compounds ranged from 78 to 166 dalton. The rejection of organic compounds by RO/NF membranes varied significantly from 59.6 to 99.2% depending on solute and membrane types. Specifically, experimental results demonstrated that the removal efficiency of RO/NF membranes increased as solute molecular characteristics such as W/L (molecular width/length) ${\times}$ $M_W$ (molecular weight) and octanol-water partition coefficient increased. This observation suggested that the rejection of small organic compounds by RO/NF membranes was determined by the combined effect of physical (molecular size and shape) and chemical (hydrophobicity) properties.

• 드라이브 ㆍ 컨트롤
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.2-5
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• 2005

• 환경영향평가
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.242-256
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 위험물질 누출 사고로 인한 영향을 예측하고 피해를 줄이기 위한 대응 방안으로 기상장(풍향 풍속)과 실제 도시 구조를 고려한 가상의 사고 시나리오를 구축하였다. 위험물질 확산에 대한 시나리오를 기반으로 서울시 강남 지역을 대상으로 보행자 환경에서의 위험특성을 분석하였다. 풍향과 풍속 조건에 따라 48개의 시나리오를 가정하였으며, 스칼라 물질의 확산 특성을 분석하기 위한 위험물질로써 불화수소를 가정하였다. CFD_NIMR_SNU 모델을 이용하여 모의한 기상장(풍향 풍속) 평가를 실시하여 모든 검증 지수가 유효한 범위 내에 나타남을 보였다. 보행자 고도에서 모의된 확산장 분석 결과, 도시의 인공적 구조에 의해 기상장의 조건에 따라 상세 흐름이 변화하며 위험물질이 확산되는 경향에 영향을 미치는 것을 확인하였다. 또한, 유입류의 풍속이 가장 약한 조건의 경우, 하층에서 유입방향의 역방향으로 흐름이 형성되어 보행자 고도에서의 물질 이동경로가 변화함을 보였다. 본 연구에서는 도시 지역의 난류흐름 형성에 도시의 인공적 구조가 매우 중요한 영향을 미치는 것을 보였다. 본 연구에 사용된 기술은 향후 실제 위험물질을 취급하는 도시 내 산업단지에 확산모의 실험과 보행자 환경에서의 위험성 평가에 유용할 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.555-564
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• 2020

Objectives: To identify and investigate through qualitative and quantitative analysis the hazardous substances generated when compressed wood was burned at a live fire-training center. Methods: Four types of compressed wood that are actually used in live fire training were burned in a chamber according to KS F2271. The gaseous material was sampled with a gas detector tube and conventional personal samplers. Results: 1,3-butadiene, benzene, toluene, xylene, formaldehyde, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen cyanide, ammonia, carbon monoxide, and nitric acid were detected. In particular, 1,3-butadiene (497.04-680.44 ppm), benzene (97.79-125.02 ppm), formaldehyde (1.72-13.03 ppm), hydrogen chloride (4.71-15.66 ppm), hydrogen cyanide (3.64-8.57 ppm), and sulfuric acid (3.85-5.01 ppm) exceeded the Korean Occupational Exposure Limit as measured by sampling pump according to the type of compressed wood. Conclusions: We found through the chamber testing that firefighters could be exposed to toxic substances during live fire training. Therefore, firefighter protection is needed and more research is required in the field.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.179-207
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• 2000

Hazardous organic solvents management as prescribed by presidential decree in Korea is reviewed. The status of import, manufacture, and circulation of organic solvents was investigated. Problems inherent in the management of organic solvents in the electroplating, metal degreasing, and dry cleaning industries were discussed. The chemical substance management system in Korea was compared to those of foreign organizations. A walk-through check list was developed and then used to assess the actual conditions and potential hazards of chemical substances in these industries. The questionnaire could be used to develop a chemical management system and protect workers from hazardous substances. Based on the results of the site survey, MSDSs were not integrated appropriately into the workers education and were not readily accessible to employees. In the case of the dry cleaning industry, the new dry cleaning solvent used as a substitute includes a lot of potentially hazardous organic solvents. This research is preliminary. It is recommended that a national survey be performed to better identify the current situation. Because chemical substances are regulated by thirteen laws in seven executive branches, management systems often overlap, resulting in ineffective control. Using the above results, a model for managing chemical substances was developed. This will more efficiently provide MSDS information to workers covered by the presidential decree and allow the construction of a management system database for better cooperation with the executive branches in Korea.

• 분석과학
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.392-398
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• 1996

광주천 유역내에 분포된 8개 업종 26개 배출원의 원폐수로부터 인간에게 유해한 11개의 유기화학물질 tetrachloroethylene, ethyl benzene, p-xylene, o-xylene, isopropyl benzene, n-propyl benzene, 1,2,4-trimethyl benzene, 1,3,5-trimethyl benzene, p-isopropyl toluene, see-butyl benzene, naphthalene을 액체-액체 추출법으로 분리하였다. 추출물 중 각 화합물들의 구조는 기체 크로마토그래피/질량분석계(GC/MS)를 사용하여 확인하였고, 표준시료와 비교함으로써 밝혔다.

• 분석과학
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.395-400
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• 2011

본 연구는 [지정폐기물 중 신규유해물질 항목설정 및 시험방법 확립에 관한 연구]에 선정된 우선관리대상 미규제 유기물질 3종(PCDD/DFs, PAHs, PCBs)에 대해 효과적인 관리를 위하여 수행하였다. 국립환경과학원에서 제시된 함량시험법에 따라 분석하였으며, 폐유기용제, 폐페인트, 분진이 포함된 도료 및 제철 제강공정에서 발생하는 폐기물을 대상으로 함량을 결정하였다. GC/MSD를 이용한 PAHs 7종을 조사한 결과, 나프탈렌(N.D~1631.33 mg/kg)이 검출되었다. 폐유기용제와 폐페인트의 나프탈렌 결과 값은 해양배출처리기준을 초과하는 것으로 조사되었다. PCB 7종에 대해 함량 분석값은 전부 불검출로 나타났다. PCDD/DFs 분석결과, 바젤협약 기술지침서의 low POP 기준에 부합한 것으로 조사되었다. 10공정(빌렛, 불룸)에서 배출되는 분진 시료에서 PCDD/DFs의 함량 결과는 N.D~5.66 ng I-TEQ/g으로 조사되었다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.251-258
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• 2012

Many aquatic ecosystems suffer from anthropogenic disturbances, including the introduction of damaging levels of toxic substances. The effects of disturbances include complex relations with various components involved in the systems, and can include physical, chemical, and hydrological disruption depending of the contaminant. Decision Support Systems (DSSs) are developed to help decision makers to deal with complex management crises, through the systematic structuring and evaluation of decisions, and through providing easy-to-use and integrated tools for information elaboration and display. We reviewed various DSSs developed for toxic substances in aquatic ecosystems, and suggested a conceptual framework which is best suited to the management of such issues within Korea. It may assist stakeholders with their decision making process, and in the achievement of a consensus on water management solutions.