• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.549-557
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• 2019

The use of shear studs usually placed in the form of mechanical shear connectors makes it possible to adopt composite steel-concrete structures in various structures, and steel-concrete plate composite (SCP) is being seriously considered for the installation of storage tanks exposed to harsh environments. However, manufacturing of SCP must be based on the application of existing design guidelines which require very close arrangement of shear studs. This means that the direct application of current design guidelines usually produces very conservative results and close arrangement of shear studs precludes pouring concrete within exterior steel faceplates. In this light, an improved guideline to determine the stud spacing should be introduced, and this paper proposes an improved ratio of the stud spacing to the thickness of steel plate on the basis of numerous parametric studies to evaluate the relative influence of the stud spacing on the stability of the SCP.

• Korean journal of aerospace and environmental medicine
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.3-17
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• 2020

The cabin environment has many physiological effects on commercial aircraft passengers and medical providers, and environmental stress factors exist. Therefore, it is important for medical providers to understand the effects of aviation physiology and cabin environment on the human body. It should also be remembered that these physiological changes and environmental stress factors can affect passengers as well as flight crew and also medical equipment. Providing medical assistance during a flight offers a number of unique challenges including lower cabin pressure, tight quarters, crowded conditions, and loud background noise. The purpose of this Korean guideline is to offer an overview on various in-flight emergencies that could be anticipated and to outline treatment priorities.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.163-175
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• 2012

In spite of the ecological value of the DMZ, there have not been established guidelines for sustainable conservation and use on the DMZ and adjacent area. In this study we suggested a method about zoning the conservation and utilization area considering environmental data and the characteristic of the DMZ region, and we make the guideline for conservation of the DMZ region based on the zone. Using 10 legal protection areas, the Environmental Conservation Value Assessment Map (ECVAM) and the boundaries of the DMZ region, we evaluated this region into conservation areas, management areas, and utilization areas. The results showed that as much as 91.8% of the DMZ region was evaluated as conservation areas, 6.9% as management areas, and 1.3% as utilization areas. After consultation with experts we suggested management principles, the direction, and the guideline based on the planning process considering the evaluation map. The study suggests principles and guidelines for management, and the guidelines could be a effective tool for the sustainable conservation and management strategy of DMZ region.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.63-74
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• 2010

The general housing causes various environmental problems on the squandering of the resources and the production of the construction wastes, as it was removed and rebuilt because of the short-life in 20-30 years after constructing. The short-life of the general housing makes the rebuilt-term short and takes a negative attitude in maintenance. In the other hand, the long-life housing is constantly dwelling house that considers the carbon reduction among the world issues, Support and Infill. The long-life housing promotes the durability of Support and maximize the variability of Infill through separation of Support & Infill. It's useful dwelling house in maintenance as well as various life-cycle and life style. As the maintenance guideline of dwelling house is used for long-life housing, there is not distinction considering who controls maintenance and there is not conception considering alteration, variability and convenience. Consequently, it is required to develop the proper maintenance guideline applied maintenance process for long-life housing. Therefore this study shows efficient maintenance guideline for manager in long-life housing.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.33 no.1 s.89
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• pp.31-37
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• 2000

For the purpose of surveying the physicochemical composition of sediment collected from Kwangyang Bay, the percentage of water loss, COD, $H_2S$, grain size and 10 heavy metals were studied at 17 sites. During the surveying period, the changes of the percentage of water loss were appeared $35.5\;{\sim}\;53.8%$. COD and $H_2S$ were showed $3.8\l{\sim}\;12.9\;mg/g$, and $0.1\;{\sim}11.4\;{\mu}g/g$, respectively, In composition of grain size on the sediment, percentages of grain sizes under $74\;{\mu}m$ were varied from 40.5% to 86.7% and above $74\;{\mu}m$ were varied from 11.5% to 43.0%. From the spatial distribution of heavy metal using contour map, we can suppose some heavy metal discharges which affect sediment of Kwangyang Bay, It was estimated that Shinpung creek, Ssang-bong creek, and draining area of sewange treatment plant were the main discharge among the heavy metal output sources. By comparison between present study and heavy metal guideline of nonpolluted sea sediment that is provided by EPA, US, it was showed that the contents of Pb and Hg were acceptable but contents of Mn, Zn, Cu, Fe, As, and Cr were higher than those of EPA guideline.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.67-73
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• 2019

In this study, to optimize the production and utilization of biogas for organic waste resources, the precision monitoring of on-site facilities and the energy balance by facility were analyzed, and the solutions for field problems were investigated, and the design and operation guidelines for pretreatment facilities and generators were presented. Gas pre-treatment is required to solve frequent failures and efficiency degradation in operation of high quality refining facilities, and processing processes such as desulfurization, dehumidification, deoxidization, dust treatment, volatile organic compounds, etc. Since these processes are substances that are also eliminated from the high-quality process, quantitative guidelines are not presented in the gas pretreatment process, but are suggested to operate during the processing process as a qualitative guideline. In particular, dust, siloxane, and volatile organic compounds are the main cause of frequent failure of high-quality processes if they are not removed from the gas pretreatment process. Design of the biogas high-quality process. The operation guidelines provide quality standards [Methane content (including propane) of 95% or more] with 90% or more utilization of the total gas generation, two systems, and a margin of 10% or more. It also proposed installing gas equalization tank, installing thermal automatic control system for controlling equalization of auxiliary fuel, installing dehumidification device at the back of high quality for removing moisture generated in the process of gas compression, installing heat-resisting facilities to prevent freezing of facilities in winter and reducing efficiency, and installing membrane facilities in particular.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.271-278
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• 2005

Reproductive and developmental toxicology is concerned with various physical or chemical agents interfering with fertility in both gender or normal growth of offsprings. Reproductive and developmental toxicology is rather a complex science, with many fields, i.e., various endpoints are involved and many different mechanisms of action. For that reason, diverse aspects must be considered when attempting to assess possible adverse health effects in the area of reproductive and developmental toxicology. The thalidomide tragedy made it clear to regulatory authorities around the world that systematic, comprehensive evaluation of the reproductive cycle was needed to adequately evaluate the potential of medicinal drugs to impair the process of reproduction or the development of embryos, fetuses, and children. International Conference on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for the Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) and U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) developed a guideline to assess the reproductive and developmental toxicity. Also these guidelines have since been applied to the detection and regulation of environmental toxicants, food additives, and so on. Although it was hoped that testing procedures of guideline would be updated constantly to reflect the current state of the science in reproductive and developmental toxicology, it was not until this decade that regulatory guidelines and testing methods have been altered in a significant way. In this paper, we would like to present the recommended approaches and recent trends for improvement of testing guidelines or experimental methods in reproductive and developmental toxicology.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.87-94
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• 2014

The objective of this study is to provide a townscape design guideline that harmonized with a historic landscape via condition investigation and landscape analysis of the cultural /commercial environment district where an improvement is a necessity. The followings are the conclusions: 1.To enhance the identity of Gyeongju, should pursue diversity in unity by making the image of architectural landscape a similar peculiarity. 2.The central commercial district where the tradition is valued and contemporary figures meet the tradition needs a landscape formation by CONTEXT. 3.Since a characteristic of the target area is a regional commercial center, to reduce its congestion, reforming the area to simple environment is required. 4.Induce buildings located on the streets with cultural properties to have Korean traditional tiled roof in order to fit in with their surroundings. 5.Make it a rule to partition a wall into tripartition, the wall surface exposed should be the same finishing materials. 6.Consider the visual aspect of pedestrians and a building's width, the recommendable height of the facade should be 3~3.6m. 7.For the design archetype of cornice, four traditional types based on Korean traditional eaves are suggested. 8.The design of signboards should break existing square-shapes, and seek a design to take advantage of icons that historicity and traditionalist of the city are expressed.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.69-74
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to suggest the methodology of $CO_2$ Emission Factor Verification and Quantitative Assessment in Ethylene Product Processes. At first, this study compare the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) 1996 Guideline and 2006 Guideline. And analyse methodology for estimating $CO_2$ emission and $CO_2$ emission factor in Ethylene product process. Also analyse cases of estimating $CO_2$ emission factor based on material balance. Methodology of $CO_2$ Emission Factor Verification and Quantitative Assessment are following the categories proposed by GIR (Greenhouse Gas Inventory and Research Center). There are total 12 factors in 8 categories and give 5 or 10 points according to their importance. Also this study suggests necessary data of document to meet the conditions. The result would help estimate accuracy Greenhouse Gas Inventory. Also contribute to establish policy on environmental assessment, air conservation, etc.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.31-41
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• 1985

The Japanese Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) Standard on Drugs was finalized as a guideline and implemented in April, 1983. This standard is intended to ensure the quality and integrity of the data from nonclinical toxicity studies submitted to the Ministry of Health and Welfare in support of applications for approval to manufacture or import new drugs or to be used in the reevaluation of previously approved drugs. The standard includes a guideline for organizational matters, personnel, facility, equipment, testing operation, documentation and conduct of studies. Principles and influences of implementation of Japanese GLP will be discussed briefly in comparison with foreign GLPs.