• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.79-94
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• 2010

This article focused on the environmental changes on atolls in Micronesia. First, we considered the problem. Second, we designed research that focused on the impacts of environmental changes especially in relation to globalization and global warming in the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM). The results were in accordance to the hypotheses that globalization had impacted prominently in communities on main islands and impact was lessened with increased distance from the centre. The fact that the islands are remotely situated and thus, in theory, do not have much outside influence, has not alleviated them from having societal concerns. The earth's environmental change is causing an impact on the main islands as well. This has been governed by distinctive characteristics in their geographical, regional, and contents. Moreover, they showed stronger concerns about impacts on the environment than globalization. A set of questionnaires was used as the principal assessment method to quantify the concerns relating to the environmental changes.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2003

The discussion about environmental education is a little new concept which emerged remarkably in late 1960s. The environmental education means the educational curriculum which make sure value understanding and conception to develop function and attitudes necessary for the proper understanding and evaluating the interaction between human beings and physical environment Centenng an important geographical paraingm for 'the interaction between human beings and physical environment', to make the students understand the concept of environment and know environmental problems are the tasks to be pursued in environmental education courses in the middle school geography classes. The reasonable understanding of environmental problems and voluntary participation through the efficient environmental education in middle school geography classes, not only the systemization of educational curriculum and other needed changes mentioned above, but also the development of policy and institution in national government accompanying with earnest attention and effort must be made in environmental education and other environment-related fields.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.45-54
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• 2008

Our study indicates the zooplankton abundance with characteristics of water column and the vertical distribution in Lake Jinyang, South Korea. Seasonal changes of zooplankton community are determined by environmental parameters like water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, suspended solids and chlorophyll a. In lake Jinyang, this study showed that the zooplankton abundance in transition zone(St.1, St.2) was higher density than in lacustrine zone(St.3). Rotifers were dominant zooplankton and among them, Polyarthra spp., Keratella spp. and Nauplli(Copepoda) were common. But Cladoceran showed the low density. During survey period, zooplankton abundance with vertical distribution in surface layer(epilimnion) was higher than in bottom layer(hypolimninon). Zooplankton densities in Surface and middle layer showed positive relationship with water temperature and the densities in bottom layer(hypolimnion) showed positive relationship with chlorophyll a. Our assumption in spite of the short term study are supported by the facts that increase of temperature driven by climate change more maintains the thermocline duration by the summer temperature stratification. Thus the results suggest that the climate changes are an important source of changing zooplankton community feeding phytoplankton. So the zooplankton should be monitoring by the ecological management of Lake Jinyang to cope with climate changes like flood plain or drought.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.18 no.1 s.26
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• pp.120-133
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• 2005

This study investigated the changes of consciousness and ambivalent attitudes about the important environmental issues among the teachers who enrolled the environmental education training. Experimental and control groups were composed with 47 and 30 person, respectively. Environmental issues were constructions of sea-wall, nuclear power plant and dam. Cronbach alpha of the self-developed questionnaire was $0.6909{\sim}0.8992$. Score were made with 5 Likert scales for consciousness, and with semantic differential half scale for ambivalent attitudes. Almost teachers(94.0% and 97.1%) have above 10 years teaching career. Strangers in environmental program were 53.2%. After environmental training, teachers' consciousness was significantly changed to negative about the construction of sea-wall for the farm field and industry complex area(p=0.019), and about the construction of dam for disaster like flood(p=0.026), and for adverse effects of citizen by fog(p=0.042). They were also significantly changed to negative about the construction of nuclear power plant for economical energy(p=0.004)', no-emission of greenhouse gases(p=0.033)', 'alternative energy(p=0.000)', 'destruction of ecology(p=0.052)' and 'social fear(p=0.009)'. The consciousness of teachers who have the experience of environmental training, were significantly changed to negative about the construction of nuclear power plant. Scores of teachers' ambivalent attitudes were made lower in experimental than control group about the construction of sea-wall and nuclear power plant. After education training, they were made lower so much as -10.0% in control, but higher much as +4.4% in experimental, and severely higher much as 86.5% in teachers who had experienced the environmental training about construction of sea-wall. Their scores were made lower so much as -3.3% in control, but much as -6.4% in control.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.101-135
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• 1992

An an exploratory attempt, this study examines the patterns of strategic changes of the firms and changes in strategic group structure in response to environmental changes of the industry. Empirical analyses of 39 firms in the Korean tile industry for the period of 1986-1990 reveals that :1) environmental changes had different impacts on attractiveness of different product/market segments :2) the relatively large firms in less attractive product/market segments were more likely to change their domains :3) according to their specific target product/market segments, the firms tended to strengthen different resource capabilities which were identified as key success factorss to compete in each target segment : and 4) these differences in strategic changes of the firms resulted in the changes in strategic group structure during the same period. Implications and the limitations of this study are finally discussed.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.1008-1015
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• 2010

Discharged pollution load is varied as rainfall changes in the area with combined sewer system. Changes in discharged pollution load are directly related with those of sewer transfer flow. Therefore, it is important to identify the pattern of sewer transfer flow for the analysis of changes in discharged pollution load. This study reviewed the type of distribution of sewer transfer flow for 17 sewage treatment plants and developed simple formular to estimate sewer transfer flow as rainfall changes. 11 facilities showed to have some relation with rainfall in the change of sewer transfer flow but 6 facilities to have no relation. Relationships between rainfall amount and sewer transfer flow showed that 6 facilities out of 11 had relatively strong relationships above R2=0.5, which were considered to be affected directly by rainfall changes. The formular which explain the relationship between rainfall and sewer transfer flow can be applied in the analysis of rainfall effects on discharged pollution load, therefore, the more appropriate evaluation will be done.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.461-469
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• 2022

One of the most important factors that should be considered for using any ground improvement technique is the stability of stabilized soil and the durability of the provided solution for getting the required engineering properties. Generally, most of the earth structures that are constructed on clayey soils are exposing movements due to the long periods of drying or wetting cycles. Over time, environmental changes may result in swells or settlements for these structures. In order to mitigate this problem, this research has been performed on mixtures of high plasticity clay with traditional additives such as lime, cement and non-traditional additives such as polypropylene fiber. The purpose of the research is to assess the most appropriate ground improvement technique by using commercially available additives for resisting the developed desiccation cracks during the drying process and resisting the volume changes that may result during wet/dry cycles as an attempt to simulate the changes of environmental conditions. The results show that the fiber-reinforced samples have the lowest volumetric deformation in comparision with cement and lime stabilized samples, and the optimum fiber content is identified as 0.38%. In addition, the desiccation cracks were not visible on the samples' surface for both unreinforced and chemically stabilized samples. Regarding cracks resistance resulting from the desiccation process, it is observed, that the resistance is connected with the fiber content and increases with the increase of the fiber inclusion, and the optimum content is between 1% and 1.5%.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-20
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• 2000

There are increasing evidences of climate change in the Antarctic and Arctic Oceans, especially elevated temperature due to the continuous burning of the fossil fuels and ultraviolet B(UV-B) flux within the ozone hole. Light-dependent, temperature-sensitive, and fast-growing organisms respond to these physical and biogeochemical changes. Polar marine phytoplankton, which are pioneer endemic species and important carbon contributors in the polar waters, are therefore highly suitable biological indicators of such changes. By virtue of light requirement, the primary producers are exposed to extreme seasonal fluctuations in temperature, photosynthetically active radiation, and UV radiation. Local environmental warming and increased UV-B radiation during ozone depletion may have profound effects on the primary producers that are primary carbon producers in the polar water. Small changes in climate temperature and solar radiation may have profound effects on the activity threshold of the polar phytoplanktion. To demonstrate biological response to the environmental changes, standardized representative natural and biological parameters are needed so that replicate samples (including controls) can be taken over extended periods of time. In this paper, we review general characteristics of polar phytoplankton, their environment, environmental changes in the polar waters, the effects on the environmental changes to the polar phytoplankton, and the importance of the polar phytoplankton to understand the global environmental changes. [Biological indicators, Global environmental change, Polar phytoplankton, UV].

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.347-355
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• 2017

This study investigated how the combined changes in environmental conditions and nitrogen (N) deposition influence the mineralization processes and carbon (C) dynamics of wetland soil. For this objective, we conducted a growth chamber experiment to examine the effects of combined changes in environmental conditions and N deposition on the anaerobic decomposition of organic carbon and the emission of greenhouse gases from wetland soil. A chamber with elevated $CO_2$ and temperature showed almost twice the reduction of total decomposition rate compared to the chamber with ambient atmospheric conditions. In addition, $CO_2$ fluxes decreased during the incubation under the conditions of ambient $CO_2$ and temperature. The decrease in anaerobic microbial metabolism resulted from the presence of vegetation, which influences the litter quality of soils. This can be supported by the increase in C/N ratio over the experimental duration. Principle component analysis results demonstrated the opposite locations of loadings for the cases at the initial time and after three months of incubation, which indicates a reduction in the decomposition rate and an increasing C/N ratio during the incubation. From the distribution between the decomposition rate and gas fluxes, we concluded that anaerobic decomposition rates do not have a significantly positive relationship with the fluxes of greenhouse gas emissions from the soil.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.33 no.spc
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• pp.729-738
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• 1998

Under background of global change, regional and local environmental changes in short-term are significantly influenced by human activities in recent time. This paper deals with serious environmental problems which has become a barrier of sustainable development in the lower reach of Yellow River due to over use of diverted water from Yellow River and underground water from coastal plain. Some countermeasures for improving local environment and economic development are introduced in the paper.