• 한국전통조경학회지
• /
• 제32권1호
• /
• pp.22-30
• /
• 2014

"임원경제지"는 동아시아 그리고 세계적으로도 유래가 없는 백과사전으로 가치를 인정받고 있으나, 다양하게 취급되어진 분야 및 방대한 내용면에서만 평가가 이루어졌다. 또한"임원경제지"관련한 대부분의 학술연구도 편찬시기의 정세(政勢)인 농업에만 초점을 맞춰 연구가 진행되어 단순한 농서(農書)의 개념으로 해석하여 왔다. 이에 본 연구는 19세기 조선시대 서유구에 의해 편찬된 것으로 알려진"임원경제지"영인본의 조경관련 내용 중 임원조영이론과 조영맥락을 분석하고,"임원경제지"에 기술된 전통조경의 원리 및 기법에 주목하여 한국의 전통조경 작정서로서의 가치를 조경학적 관점에서 파악하였다."임원경제지"의 분석한 결과 '조경요소에 대한 전문성', '구성 체계의 우수성', '우리나라 현실에 적합한 토착성', '저작을 위한 환경요인의 우수한 가치 제고' 면에서 다른 동양 주변국의 유사 조경서들과 견주어도 한국의 대표 '조경기술서'로서 가치와 위상을 충분히 갖추고 있다는 사실에서 그 중요성을 발견할 수 있었다.

• 디지털콘텐츠학회 논문지
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.191-203
• /
• 2007

빠른 경제성장과 함께 도시환경에 대한 관심증가는 도시환경조성이 도시의 생명력에 중요한 요소가 된다는 사실을 인식하고 1995년 지방자치제가 실행됨으로써 지자체의 활성화와 자립기반조성 및 경쟁력 강화를 위하여 지역 고유의 이미지 확립을 위한 여러 방안의 시도를 하고 있다. 본 연구는 안동시 가로환경시설물 사례분석을 통하여 지방이 가지고 있는 역사적, 문화적 특징을 반영하여 지역 고유이미지를 표현할 수 있는 가로환경시설물들을 설치하고자 하는 지방자치단체들에게 도움을 주고자 한다. 현재 안동시에 설치되어있는 가로환경시설물의 문제점 분석을 통한 새로운 대안을 제시함으로써 지역고유의 이미지표현을 위한 가로환경시설물의 활발한 설치는 다양한 부가가치 창출의 기반을 마련하고 고유의 이미지 확립을 통한 지역민자부심고취를 통한 지자체 발전에 한몫을 할 수 있을 것이다. 그러므로 많은 적용사례가 늘어나 새로운 지역이미지 표현의 방법으로 많은 투자와 연구가 계속되어야 할 것이다.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제18권5호
• /
• pp.509-515
• /
• 2009

The aim of this study is investigated greenhouse gas emissions of glass industry, and when calculates greenhouse gas emission, using formula(Tier 3) advising in IPCC(Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) and using self designed formula(Tier 3+) authors of this study. Studied to propose calculation formula that can compare these two calculation results and apply to domestic. Formula of Tier 3 calculated to theoretical composition of carbonate material, And Formula of Tier 3+ calculated on the basis of chemical substance formation table that get from glass manufacture company(The S company). As a result, Dolomite, Soda ash, Limestone, Industrial Barium carbonate is calculated value of Tier 3+ lower than value of Tier 3, And Industrial Potassium carbonate, Industrial Strontium carbonate was calculated value of Tier 3 lower than value of Tier 3. This study finding, formula of Tier 3+ has higher confidence than formula of Tier 3 when consider revision about purity of injection raw material. And hereafter, When calculate greenhouse gas emissions about nonmetallic mineral industry, use of Tier 3+ is considered that should be encouraged.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.79-95
• /
• 2017

A number of field studies have provided evidence that biomass burning is one of the major global sources of atmospheric particles. In this study, we have collected $PM_{2.5}$ emitted from biomass burning combusted at open burning and laboratory chamber situations. The open burning experiment was conducted with the cooperation of 9 farmers in Chiba Prefecture, Japan, while the chamber experiment was designed to evaluate the characteristics of chemical components among 14 different plant species. The analyzed categories were $PM_{2.5}$ mass concentration, organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), ionic components ($Na^+$, ${NH_4}^+$, $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, $K^+$, $Cl^-$, ${NO_3}^-$ and ${SO_4}^{2-}$), water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC), water-insoluble inorganic carbon (WIOC), char-EC and soot-EC. OC was the dominant chemical component, accounting for the major fraction of primary $PM_{2.5}$ derived from biomass burning, followed by EC. Ionic components contributed a small portion of $PM_{2.5}$, as well as that of $K^+$. In some cases, $K^+$ is used as biomass burning tracer; however, the observations obtained in this study suggest that $K^+$ may not always be suitable as a tracer for biomass burning emissions. Also, the results of all the samples tested indicate relatively low values of char-EC compared to soot-EC. From our results, careful consideration should be given to the usage of $K^+$ and char-EC as indicators of biomass burning. The calculated ratios of WSOC/OC and WIOC/OC were 55.7% and 44.3% on average for all samples, which showed no large difference between them. The organic materials to OC ratio, which is often used for chemical mass closure model, was roughly estimated by two independent methods, resulting in a factor of 1.7 for biomass burning emissions.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국태양에너지학회 2009년도 추계학술발표대회 논문집
• /
• pp.44-49
• /
• 2009

In this study, we performed urrban climate simulation how both the factor of environmental land and artificial factors influence on the formation of urban temperature. With deducing quantitative data, this study could get more accurate results of the urban temperature using urban climate simulation system. In the case of natural land cover, it appeared that there are effects on the lowering temperature and the lower temperature rate appeared in the water land cover on the whole. This is considered as temperature in water land was low because of the characteristics of water land having evaporation latent heat was high and convective sensible heat was low. In case of building which has building coverage ratio, 5% with 10 floors and building coverage ratio, 15 % with 6 floors, it appears that the temperature in the water land is $33.6^{\circ}C$. In case of building coverage ratio 5%, temperature dropped when buildings has more than 4 stories. This is regarded as the size of building is bigger, the temperature dropped in relatively because of the fluctuation of the rate of solar heat from the land. At the present time, the urban temperature are higher because of various artificial factors in the city. With these results, this study supposed to be a basies of the future studies for considering both the composition of building coverate ratio and floor plan.

• 자원환경지질
• /
• 제26권1호
• /
• pp.67-81
• /
• 1993

This dissertation is a basic research on the degradation of rocks and aims at clarifying the relations between the progression of degree of weathering and the variation of chemical composition. The author wants to make clear the degradation of rocks and the process of formation of sedimentary rocks from a standpoint of elucidation of migration of elements. This study is considered to be significant not only as a part of research on the distribution of earth crust materials but as the petrogenesis of rocks. The chemical studies on the weathered rocks have been started relatively early and there are not a few researches on them: Goldich, 1938; Harris, et al., 1966; Ruxton, 1968; Berner, et al., 1982; Kanuss, 1983; Lasaga, 1984; Siagel, 1984. The degree of migration of elements in weathering is the composite result of various factors. Because, at the present time, it is difficult to clarify the individual and composite effects of each factor theoretically and quanititatively, we must accumulate empirical data and use them relatively. In such consideration the author acquired some data of chemical weathering from the chemical analysis of granitic and basaltic rocks in and around Fukuoka city, Japan and granitic rocks in and around Chonju and Iri cities, Korea. Because both rock types studied can be considered as representative materials of acidic and basic rocks compsing the earth crust, it is significant to examine the phenomena of weathering of both rock types. The following results are obtained from the analysis and examinations of chemical compositions of the original and weathered rocks. The loss rate of major elements has no uniformity, but the following relation holds in general; Ca, Na> K, Si> Mg> Fe, Al. As weathering proceeds, the ratio of $Al_2O_3/CaO$ shows increasing phenomena, and that of $Na_2O/CaO$ decreasing. The range of migration of composition is broad in basaltic rocks but narrow in granitic rocks. The reason is that the chemical weathering of basaltic rocks progresses more easily than that of granitic rocks. The chemical weathering potenitial index of basaltic rocks in larger than that of granitic rocks. The reason is that the chemical weathering of basaltic rocks proceeds more easily than that of granitic rocks. In weathering, the decrease of mobile cations such as $Ca^{2+}$, $Na^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$ and the increase of $H_2O$ in basaltic rocks are more obvious than in granitic rocks.

• 해양환경안전학회지
• /
• 제28권5호
• /
• pp.721-734
• /
• 2022

본 논문은 남해안 자란만 패류양식어장에서 약 2년 동안 월별로 기초생산력, Chl. a, 영양염류, 입자유기물질과 퇴적물의 유기오염 정도 및 생화학 조성 등 주요 양식생물의 서식환경인자의 변동특성과 상관성 등을 분석하였다. 또한, 다른 연안 어장과 기초생산력을 비교하고 어장환경관리와 관련된 정책방안을 제시하였다. 월별 평균 기초생산력은 6.43~115.43 mgC m^-2 hr^-1 범위로 여름과 가을에 높았는데, 가막만과 마산만 보다는 낮았고, 가로림만과 서해보다는 높았으며, 대체적으로 양식장이 많이 분포한 내만은 그 변동 폭이 상대적으로 컸다. Chl. a를 구성하는 식물플랑크톤의 크기별 점유율이 시기별로 다소 차이가 있었고, 영양염의 고갈로 인한 식물플랑크톤의 생산력 제한은 거의 없었으나, 대부분 시기에 N/P비가 16 이하로 질소가 상대적으로 부족한 것으로 판단되었다. 수층 입자유기물질의 생화학적 조성은 탄수화물이 가장 높았으나, 반면 표층 퇴적물에서는 지질과 단백질 함량이 높았다. 퇴적물의 TOC와 AVS 농도는 만 안쪽에서 높았고 일부 시기에는 어장환경기준을 초과한 상태였으며, C:N 비는 평균 8.1~10.4 범위로 나타났다. 기초생산력은 Chl. a와의 상관성이 가장 높았고, 입자물질성분 중에서는 탄소보다는 질소 및 단백질과의 상관성이 높았다. 최근 5년 동안의 수층에서의 Chl. a, DIN, DIP 농도는 감소하는 경향이었지만, 반대로 퇴적물의 오염도는 증가하는 추세였다. 자란만의 연간 기초생산력 125.9 gC m^-2 yr^-1, 굴 양식장 면적 4.97 km²를 고려하면 연간 식물플랑크톤으로부터 생산되는 탄소량이 약 625 ton이며, 연간 굴 생산 습중량은 약 6,250 ton으로 추정되었다.

• 환경생물
• /
• 제28권1호
• /
• pp.30-39
• /
• 2010

남해안 고흥, 해남, 완도, 보길도지역에 분포하는 황칠나무개체군 생육지의 군락구조와 종조성, 그리고 입지환경 등을 조사하였으며, 자생지의 기상요인을 분석하여 생육가능지역을 추정하였다. 황칠나무군락은 종조성의 차이에 의해 구실잣밤나무군과 서어나무군으로 구분되었다. 상대기여도에 의한 우점도값은 전체적으로 동백나무(100.0), 붉가시나무(88.6), 구실잣밤나무(55.8), 황칠나무(41.4), 마삭줄(23.8), 사스레피나무 (19.9), 광나무(11.5) 등 상록활엽수의 분포가 높게 나타났다. 개체군 분포는 서어나무군이 흉고직경 5 cm 미만의 개체가 전체의 94.2%로 구실잣밤나무군(54.2%)에 비하여 대부분 소경목과 유목의 개체로 구성되어 있었다. 생육지의 토양환경은 약산성의 토양산도, 유기물과 토양함수량이 양호하며 배수성이 좋은 지역인 것으로 나타났다. 생육지의 분포 범위는 대체로 연평균기온이 $13^{\circ}C$ 이상, 일 최저기온이 $7.4^{\circ}C$ 이상, 온량지수(WI) $100^{\circ}C{\cdot}month$ 이상, 그리고 연강수량은 1,344 mm 내외로서 우리나라 서남부 도서와 해안에 인접한 상록활엽수림대 지역들이 해당되는 것으로 분석되었다. 황칠나무의 자연생육지에서 확인된 연평균기온 $13^{\circ}C$를 토대로 한 생육가능 등치선은 군산-정읍-광주-진주-포항-영덕을 잇는 선으로 나타났다.

• 한국입자에어로졸학회지
• /
• 제15권4호
• /
• pp.191-202
• /
• 2019

In this study, performance (particle removal efficiency and breathing resistance) of several commercially available face masks (electrostatic filter masks (KF80 certified), a nanofiber filter mask (KF80 certified), and an uncertified mask) with their filter structure and composition were evaluated. Also, effects of relative humidity (RH) of incoming air, water and alcohol exposure, and reusability on performance of face masks were examined. Monodisperse and polydisperse sodium chloride particles were used as test aerosols. Except the uncertified mask filter, PM_2.5 removal efficiency was found to be higher than 90%, and the nanofiber filter mask had the highest quality factor due to the low pressure drop and high removal efficiency (nanofibers were arranged in a densely packed pore structure and contained a significant amount of fluorine in addition to carbon and oxygen). In the case of the KF80 certified mask, the removal efficiency was little affected when the RH of incoming air increased. When the mask filters were soaked in water, the removal efficiency of mask filters was degraded. In particular, the uncertified mask filter showed the highest removal efficiency degradation (26%). When the mask was soaked in alcohol, the removal efficiency also decreased with the greater degree than the water soaking case. The nanofiber mask filter showed the strongest resistance to alcohol exposure among tested mask filters. During evaluation of reusability of masks in real life, the removal efficiency of certified mask filter was less than 4% for 5 consecutive days (2 hours per day), while the removal efficiency of uncertified mask filter significantly decreased by 30% after 5 days.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제37권5호
• /
• pp.423-432
• /
• 2004

In coastal area of Inchon, dredging and the disposal of dredged material for sea-wall construction and reclamation have increased in recent years. These activities may impact the benthic environment and result in changes in benthic communities, but little information is available on the extent and direction of these changes. We investigated whether there have been changes in the dominant macrobenthic species and benthic community over the last decade, and explored the relationship between environmental variables and spatial patterns of macrobenthic community structure. We sampled macrobenthos and recorded environmental variables in the coastal habitats of Inchon in March and June 2004. In total, 212 macrobenthic species were recorded during this study, predominately crustaceans $(34{\%})$, mollusks $(32{\%})$ and polychaetes $(21{\%})$. The mean density of macrobenthos was $1,393\;ind./m^{2}$.The most abundant species was Amphioplus japonicus $(20.5{\%})$, followed by Heteromastus filiformis $(14.4{\%})$, Theora fragilis $(8.2{\%})$ and Ampharete sp. $(4.0{\%})$. Over the past decade the dominant macrobenthic species in this area shifted. Multivariate analysis (multidimensional scaling) revealed significant differences in community structure among three regions: the middle part of the sampling area (B), site 8 (C) and other sites (A). Mean density varied significantly among the three regions, but no differences in the number of species and diversity (H') were observed. The distribution of the macrobenthic community was affected by environmental variables such as percentage sand content and sediment kurtosis. Species that were important in different areas included A. japonicus in region A, Raeta puchella in region B and T. fragilis in region C. The important species in regions B and C were filter-feeding bivalves, and the abundance of these species may be related to the increase in percentage sand content. We suggest that the sediment composition (percentage sand content) may be an important factor in determining the dominant species and structure of the macrobenthic communities in coastal Inchon. Long-term monitoring programs are necessary to understand ongoing changes in the benthic communities of this area.