• Archives of design research
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• v.14
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• pp.163-178
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• 1996

"Color" education aimed at cultivating creativeness and expressive techniques in the education of visual art, in the college of art and design, should be balanced with "form" education; nevertheless, the present situation at Korean universities is such that the overall environments of "color" education are far too inferior to those of "form" education.The problem is, among other things, that the curriculum of visual art education is centered around formal education; in addition, color education courses consist mostly of theoretical issues, not experimental, first-hand-experience-oriented activities that are best suited for the characteristics of the language of color as a visual language, thereby making it difficult to expect the efficiency of education.Particularly, it is a serious problem that the courses dealing with color are not offered in a step by step fashion, from the most elementary, to the intermediate, working up to the most advanced level. Another problem is that those people involved in color education seldom have an expertise in their area; furthermore, the educational environment, educational tools, and the content of the texbooks are far from being ideal.Moreover, it is a grim reality that most color theory courses that have been offered end up being a lecture of "general, basic" color theories, ignoring the students' diverse specialization areas.As a way of normalizing color education, rationalizing the curriculum and initiating the professorship exclusively teaching color education have to be introduced, so that we can increase the depth of color education and individualize the contents of color education according to the students' needs. It is believed that the introduction of the "color-education-only" professorship will greatly facilitate our effort to devise an efficient educational method, to determine the scope of individualized color education, and to improve the ovarial educational environment (such as facilities, instruments, and teaching materials) necessary for an in-depth education.ments, and teaching materials) necessary for an in-depth education.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.259-265
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• 2005

The melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) encoded by the coat color extension gene (E) plays a key role in the signaling pathway of melanin synthesis. The primers for the amplification of bovine MC1R gene were designed based on a bovine MC1R gene sequence (GenBank accession no. Y19103). A size of 483bp (482bp for Hanwoo) was amplified by PCR, digested with Hpa II restriction enzyme and electrophoresed in $1.5\%$ agarose gel. When the amplified DNA product (483 bp) was digested with Hpa II restriction enzyme, Hanwoo meat showed a single band of 482bp, whereas two fragments of 325bp and 158bp were detected in Holstein, Angus and meat of Hanwoo / Holstein cross cow having back coat color phenotype, respectively. The results of this experiment Indicate that new designed primers of bovine MCIR gene may be useful for identification of Hanwoo meat from Holstein, Black Angus and Hanwoo / Holstein cross cow meat.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.32-44
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• 2012

This study proposed a color scheme that is harmonious with the working environment of industrial sites using Birren's color harmony theory for color planning. To apply the Birren's color harmony theory to working clothes, the basic colors were chosen, and six of the eight harmony formulas of Birren excluding achromatic colors (white + grey + black) and solid color harmony (solid colors + white + black) were used to form a palette for each case. For the basic colors, the color chips of four dominant colors (yellow-green, sky-blue, blue, and violet), which were chosen from a field survey for preferences in the first step, and the production of materials in the second step were collected through the PANTONE color chips. The selected color chips were PANTONE 13-0550 TPX, PANTONE 15-4105 TPX, PANTONE 18-3949 TPX, and PANTONE 19-3720 TPX. These color chips were scanned and their RGB values were extracted through Photoshop CS. Then the colors were arranged in accordance with the Birren's color harmony formulas (Color+Tint+White, Color+Shade+Black, Tint+Tone+Shade, Shade+Tone+Black, Shade+Tone+White, and Tint+Shade+Tone+Gray). In addition, the proposed palette color schemes were applied through Birren's color harmony formulas using Texpro V 10.1 textile to the schematization of working clothes that were designed in the previous study. Palette formation in line with Birren's color harmony formulas provided scientific color arrangement results. Visually presenting the color scheme of working clothes will help the color selection of working clothes in tune with the circumstances of industrial sites.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.335-340
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• 2014

This study selected an outdoor RCD'S and verified behavior of change in the housing with time. Weathering tests were carried out as outdoor exposure test (90 degrees, 37 degrees) and laboratory test (xenon lamp), and the results were evaluated based on color difference, gloss, contact angle, and optical microscope. This study can provide basic data for standardization of development and performance evaluation on RCD'S housing products.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.15 no.10
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• pp.71-78
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• 2010

Even though various types of image segmentation methods have been extensively introduced, robustly segmenting images to environmental conditions such as illumination changes, shading, highlight, etc, has been known to be a very difficult task. To resolve the problem in some degree, we propose in this paper an environment-adaptive image segmentation approach using color invariants. The suggested method first introduces several color invariants like W, C, U, N, and H, and automatically measures environmental conditions in which images are captured. It then chooses the most adequate color invariant to environmental factors, and effectively extracts edges using the selected invariant. Experimental results show that the proposed method can robustly perform edge-based segmentation rather than existing methods. We expect that our method will be useful in many real applications which require edge-based image segmentation.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.813-821
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• 2011

While various aspects affect river water quality, reduction of water flow rate during dry seasons is one of the most significant factors causing severe water pollution in river water environment. The aim of this study is to investigate the feasibility of applying a physicochemical method (sand filtration + ozonation) for improving river water quality within a short period. The parameters analyzed and assessed were $COD_{cr}$, BOD, SS and color. The source river water had a severe pollution level showing COD 8.8~17.2 mg/L (ave. 11.9 mg/L), BOD 4.8~13.3 mg/L (ave. 8.3 mg/L), SS 9.0~22.1 mg/L (ave. 12.8 mg/L) and color 34.4~77.1 degree (ave. 56.5 degree) during the experimental periods. The variation trends showed a relatively low correlation between BOD and COD and between color and COD, while SS showed very low correlation with other parameters. The combined process of sand filtration and ozonation showed averaged removal efficiency of COD 37.2%, BOD 48.4%, SS 60.1% and colority 45.1%, respectively. The marked change of BOD level from 8.3 mg/L to 4.3 mg/L under the experimental conditions in this study implied the improvement of class V to class III set by the river water quality standard in Korea.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.134-138
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• 2001

This experiment evaluates wintering ability to maintain green color of lawn grasses during winter and investigates the effects of top dressing of fertilizer on improving green color during regrowth. Kentucky blue-grass could maintain green color and leaf chlorophyll content better than tall fescue and creeping bentgrass in winter. All three grasses in this experiment have shown the excellent wintering ability. In enhancing the recovery of green color at the early stage of regrowth, the mulching effect with rice straw was highly significant for creeping bentgrass. Green color recovery in grasses during its regrowth was better at the top dressing plots than at the plots without top dressing, but when fertilizer application levels were increased, green color in lawn grass did not significantly change. Although green color in tall fescue, Kentucky bluegrass, and Korean lawngrass could be maintained during summer, the green color of creeping bentgrass is reduced significantly with high temperature. Top dressing after winter and mowing improved leaf chlorophyll content and green color in tail fescue and Kentucky bluegrass significantly. However, Korean lawngrass did not respond significantly with increased levels of fertilizer.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.35 no.12
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• pp.31-41
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• 2019

Biophilic design gives human beings positive and valuable experiences in nature. The experience in nature in the architectural environment is mainly symbolic and metaphorical, and is based on visual sensations such as color, form, and image. Recently, modern people living in a modern and simple style indoor space have a desire to pursue visual stimuli for interest or pleasure. This desire can be satisfied through color, lighting, and finishing plan. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to propose a biophilic design color palette based on the empirical characteristics and properties of biophilic design. The methods used in this study are as follows. First, the biophilic design factors and natural landscape preference criteria are examined. Second, based on the review results, natural landscape images are selected and color information for each biophilic design element is extracted according to the vertical and horizontal directions. Third, color information is converted to NCS color code and palette range and hue range are derived through the analysis of ratio and average values. Finally, based on the analysis results, biophilic design color palette is proposed for each element. The results of this study might be useful as basic data in establishing biophilic design strategies and applying them to architecture and interior construction.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.250-257
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• 2007

Characteristics of color application indicated from Kirchsteigfeld is presented the various points of view to be preserved urban housing color. It had been handled as environmental color by view point of community and connectivity rather than color scheme of single housing. First, color to be consisted of basis for urban entirely as background color in urban housing complex has been indicated the bright and cheerful feelings and expressed to be introduced mostly from the single color system. Second, characteristics to be inhibited strongly from housing complex had been indicated by restricted four types of color, formulated the overall context and change through accent and the change from disposition of principal and the accessary of color scheme. In this case, it was not regular formulation, but as a whole category view, it could be provided by orderly regularity system strictly Particularly it had been applied as a whole for lightness change by single color, introduced the different color of building to be centered or remained by a visual point. This had been formed to introduction of color by stand points of housing group not introduction to color by sole concept of building. Third, emphasizing of morphologic feeling by using of difference of lightness, it could be indicated the mild and comfortable stereo-type sensibility from the overall types of housing, we could understand for formation of color code by lightness of slightly differences. Fourth, it had been taken the convenient adaptation method for maintenance of simple graphic system as a environmental color. It has considerable advantage for sustainability of color to indicate on finishing material, form and detail in architecture, as the sole separated color not to be complicated when to be painted over and again or managed continuously.

• ALGAE
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.391-401
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• 2016

To develop an easy and rapid method of quantifying lipid contents of marine dinoflagellates, we quantified lipid contents of common dinoflagellate species using a colorimetric method based on the sulpho-phospho-vanillin reaction. In this method, the optical density measured using a spectrophotometer was significantly positively correlated with the known lipid content of a standard oil (Canola oil). When using this method, the lipid content of each of the dinoflagellates Alexandrium minutum, Prorocentrum micans, P. minimum, and Lingulodinium polyedrum was also significantly positively correlated with the optical density and equivalent intensity of color. Thus, when comparing the color intensity or the optical density of a sample of a microalgal species with known color intensities or optical density, the lipid content of the target species could be rapidly quantified. Furthermore, the results of the sensitivity tests showed that only $1-3{\times}10^5cells$ of P. minimum and A. minutum, $10^4cells$ of P. micans, and $10^3cells$ of L. polyedrum (approximately 1-5 mL of dense cultures) were needed to determine the lipid content per cell. When the lipid content per cell of 9 dinoflagellates, a diatom, and a chlorophyte was analyzed using this method, the lipid content per cell of these microalgae, with the exception of the diatom, were significantly positively correlated with cell size, however, volume specific lipid content per cell was negatively correlated with cell size. Thus, this sulpho-phospho-vanillin method is an easy and rapid method of quantifying the lipid content of autotrophic, mixotrophic, and heterotrophic dinoflagellate species.