• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.255-262
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• 2005

A comprehensive experimental and numerical study has been conducted to understand the influence of $CH_{3}Cl$ addition on $CH_4/O_2/N_2$ premixed flames under the oxygen enrichment. The laminar flame speeds of $CH_4/CH_{3}Cl/O_2/N_2$ premixed flames at room temperature and atmospheric pressure are experimentally measured using Bunsen nozzle flame technique, varying the amount of $CH_{3}Cl$ in the fuel, the equivalence ratio of the unburned mixture, and the level of the oxygen enrichment. The flame speeds predicted by a detailed chemical kinetic mechanism employed are found to be in excellent agreement with those deduced from experiments. Even though the molar amount of $CH_{3}Cl$ in a methane flame is increased, temperature at the postflame is not significantly varied, but the calculated heat release rate and emission index of NO are largely decreased for the oxygen enhanced flame. The function of $CH_{3}Cl$ as inhibitor on hydrocarbon flames becomes weakened as the level of the oxygen enrichment is increased from 0.21 to 0.5.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.128-138
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• 2005

Purpose: As population of elderly people continues to grow, successful aging has risen to the top of the nursing science agenda. The successful aging includes maintenance of the cognitive and physical functions, as well as emotional well-beings. This study was carried out to evaluate effects of the environmental enrichments on cognition of institutionalized elderly. Method: The population was selected among the elderly aging over 65 residing at two of institutions. A quasi experimental design was used with non-equivalent control group. Study subjects were thirteen for each group. For the experimental group, physical, social and symbolic environmental enrichment program was provided for six weeks. The data were analyzed by repeated measure ANOVA and repeated measure ANCOVA using SPSS Win 11.0. Result: Compared to control group, the experimental group showed a significant difference on DSF(F=3.29, p=.046), and TMTA(F=4.76, p=.013) of cognitive function, and depression (F=5.56, p=.007) of emotional distress after 1 and 12 weeks of environmental enrichment program. Conclusion: Findings indicate that physical, social, and symbolic environmental enrichment was effective to partially prevent from cognitive decline, and to decrease emotional distress of elderly. As a nursing intervention, environmental enrichment program for elderly should be expanded for nursing practice to promote healthy aging and to offer support to the growing population of elderly. Further research should be conducted to evaluate the effect on the community elderly.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.33-41
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• 2007

Purpose: To investigate environmental enrichment and nerve stimulation follows in application times with the change of BDNF & Trk-B receptor in the motor cortex and spinal cord. Methods: Experimental groups were divided into the five groups. Group I: normal control group, Group II: experiment control group, Group III: sciatic never electrical stimulation after MCAO, Group IV: application of only environmental enrichment after MCAO, Group V: never electrical stimulation with environmental enrichment after MCAO. Histologic observation and coronal sections were processed individually in goat polyclonal antibody phosphorylated BDNF and rabbit polyclonal antibody Trk-B receptor. Results: In immunohistochemistric response of BDNF and Trk-B, group II were showed that lower response effect at postischemic 1 days, 3 days, and 7 days. Group V were showed that increase response effect at postischemic 3 days, 7 days and 14 days. Specially showed that the most response effect at postischemic 14 days. In neurobehavioral assessment, group V were significantly difference from other groups on between-subject effects. Conclusion: The above results suggest that combined environmental enrichment with peripheral nerve electrical stimulation in focal ischemic brain injury were more improved that the change of BDNF & Trk-B receptor expression than non treatment.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제42권8호
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• pp.579-588
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• 2019

Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) is a popular tool to identify underlying biological processes in clinical samples using their gene expression phenotypes. GSEA measures the enrichment of annotated gene sets that represent biological processes for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in clinical samples. GSEA may be suboptimal for functional gene sets; however, because DEGs from the expression dataset may not be functional genes per se but dysregulated genes perturbed by bona fide functional genes. To overcome this shortcoming, we developed network-based GSEA (NGSEA), which measures the enrichment score of functional gene sets using the expression difference of not only individual genes but also their neighbors in the functional network. We found that NGSEA outperformed GSEA in identifying pathway gene sets for matched gene expression phenotypes. We also observed that NGSEA substantially improved the ability to retrieve known anti-cancer drugs from patient-derived gene expression data using drug-target gene sets compared with another method, Connectivity Map. We also repurposed FDA-approved drugs using NGSEA and experimentally validated budesonide as a chemical with anti-cancer effects for colorectal cancer. We, therefore, expect that NGSEA will facilitate both pathway interpretation of gene expression phenotypes and anti-cancer drug repositioning. NGSEA is freely available at www.inetbio.org/ngsea.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권9호
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• pp.1544-1551
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• 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate growth performance, carcass traits, meat quality and hair follicle development of growing Rex rabbits as affected by different environmental enrichment materials. Methods: A total of one hundred and twenty Rex rabbits were randomly assigned to four groups; reared in conventional cages (not enriched) and in enriched cages with either willow stick (WS), rubber duck, or a can containing beans (CB), for 44 days. Results: The average daily gain of the CB group was the highest and had a significant difference from that of the other groups (p<0.05). The spleen and cecum weight of the CB group was greater than those of the WS and control groups (p<0.05). The redness (Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage a^*) of the meat sample of the control group was lower than those of the enriched cage groups (p<0.05). Moreover, the hue value of the CB group was significantly lower than that of the other groups (p<0.05). The tenderest meat belonged to the CB group. In addition, more secondary (p<0.05) and primary follicles were found in the CB group than in the control group. Conclusion: Environmental enrichment increased the average daily gain and improved some carcass traits, meat quality, and hair follicle density. Among the three environmental enrichment materials, CB could be recommended for rabbit husbandry.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.45.1-45.11
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• 2023

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common type of chronic liver disease, with severity levels ranging from nonalcoholic fatty liver to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The extent of liver fibrosis indicates the severity of NASH and the risk of liver cancer. However, the mechanism underlying NASH development, which is important for early screening and intervention, remains unclear. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) is a useful method for identifying hub genes and screening specific targets for diseases. In this study, we utilized an mRNA dataset of the liver tissues of patients with NASH and conducted WGCNA for various stages of liver fibrosis. Subsequently, we employed two additional mRNA datasets for validation purposes. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was conducted to analyze gene function enrichment. Through WGCNA and subsequent analyses, complemented by validation using two additional datasets, we identified five genes (BICC1, C7, EFEMP1, LUM, and STMN2) as hub genes. GSEA analysis indicated that gene sets associated with liver metabolism and cholesterol homeostasis were uniformly downregulated. BICC1, C7, EFEMP1, LUM, and STMN2 were identified as hub genes of NASH, and were all related to liver metabolism, NAFLD, NASH, and related diseases. These hub genes might serve as potential targets for the early screening and treatment of NASH.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.1-25
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• 2024

Protein glycosylation, a highly significant and ubiquitous post-translational modification (PTM) in eukaryotic cells, has attracted considerable research interest due to its pivotal role in a wide array of essential biological processes. Conducting a comprehensive analysis of glycoproteins is imperative for understanding glycoprotein bio-functions and identifying glycosylated biomarkers. However, the complexity and heterogeneity of glycan structures, coupled with the low abundance and poor ionization efficiencies of glycopeptides have all contributed to making the analysis and subsequent identification of glycans and glycopeptides much more challenging than any other biopolymers. Nevertheless, the significant advancements in enrichment techniques, chromatographic separation, and mass spectrometric methodologies represent promising avenues for mitigating these challenges. Numerous substrates and multifunctional materials are being designed for glycopeptide enrichment, proving valuable in glycomics and glycoproteomics. Mass spectrometry (MS) is pivotal for probing protein glycosylation, offering sensitivity and structural insight into glycopeptides and glycans. Additionally, enhanced MS-based glycopeptide characterization employs various separation techniques like liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, and ion mobility. In this review, we highlight recent advances in enrichment methods and MS-based separation techniques for analyzing different types of protein glycosylation. This review also discusses various approaches employed for glycan release that facilitate the investigation of the glycosylation sites of the identified glycoproteins. Furthermore, numerous bioinformatics tools aiding in accurately characterizing glycan and glycopeptides are covered.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.289-299
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• 2024

The current study aimed to investigate the impact of CO₂ enrichment on the width of annual tree rings, earlywood and latewood, and the area of annual growth of Pinus densiflora Siebold & Zucc. grown in open-top chamber (OTC). To this end, two CO₂ enrichment cases were considered, namely 1.4 × increment (560 ppm in OTC-II) and 1.8 × (720 ppm in OTC-III) were compared with the current atmosphere (400 ppm in OTC-I). The CO₂ enrichment conditions for a period of 12 years (2010-2021) were considered, and all measurements were done through image analysis. The study showed that the increment in CO₂ concentrations positively affected the tree growth. The measurement data from the trees in OTC-III were considerably higher than those from OTC-I, whereas those from OTC-II were slightly higher than those from OTC-I. Decreasing patterns of the measured widths and area in 6-7 years after the beginning of CO₂ enrichment was found for all the OTCs. These patterns were possibly due to changes in the physiological features, such as aging. The findings of the present study can have potential uses as fundamental data for forest management considering CO₂ concentrations.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.509-520
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• 2005

Data fusion is defined as the process of combining data and information from different sources for the effectiveness of the usage of useful information contents. In this paper, we propose a data fusion algorithm using k-means clustering method for data enrichment to improve data quality in knowledge discovery in database(KDD) process. An empirical study was conducted to compare the proposed data fusion technique with the existing techniques and shows that the newly proposed clustering data fusion technique has low MSE in continuous fusion variables.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.69-83
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to construct the new premarital relationship enrichment program and to examine the effects of it. Based on the review of the previous research and program, this program was composed. It included the realistic expectations of marriage and sex, understanding of themselves and accepting differences, role expectations and intimacy in the relationship, communication and conflict resolution skills. To perform this program, six sessions of time-limited(100-150 minutes) were carried out. And the subjects were assigned to experimental group(N=4 couples) and control group(N=4 couples). Scales of PREPARE and SEI(Self-Esteem Inventory) were used as the pre-post-follow instruments of this study. Major findings were as follows: 1. Premarital Relationship Enrichment Program had meaningful consequences for the improvement of the participants self-esteem. 2. Premarital Relationship Enrichment Program had meaningful consequences for the improvement of the participants equal role, communication and conflict resolution skills.