• 제목/요약/키워드: enrichment

검색결과 1,855건 처리시간 0.032초

APPLICATION OF A GENETIC ALGORITHM FOR THE OPTIMIZATION OF ENRICHMENT ZONING AND GADOLINIA FUEL (UO2/Gd2O3) ROD DESIGNS IN OPR1000s

  • Kwon, Tae-Je;Kim, Jong-Kyung
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
    • /
    • 제44권3호
    • /
    • pp.273-282
    • /
    • 2012

  • A new effective methodology for optimizing the enrichment of low-enriched zones as well as gadolinia fuel ($UO_2/Gd_2O_3$) rod designs in PLUS7 fuel assemblies was developed to minimize the maximum peak power in the core and to maximize the cycle lifetime. An automated link code was developed to integrate the genetic algorithm (GA) and the core design code package of ALPHA/PHOENIX-P/ANC and to generate and evaluate the candidates to be optimized efficiently through the integrated code package. This study introduces an optimization technique for the optimization of gadolinia fuel rod designs in order to effectively reduce the peak powers for a few hot assemblies simultaneously during the cycle. Coupled with the gadolinia optimization, the optimum enrichments were determined using the same automated code package. Applying this technique to the reference core of Ulchin Unit 4 Cycle 11, the gadolinia fuel rods in each hot assembly were optimized to different numbers and positions from their original designs, and the maximum peak power was decreased by 2.5%, while the independent optimization technique showed a decrease of 1.6% for the same fuel assembly. The lower enrichments at the fuel rods adjacent to the corner gap (CG), guide tube (GT), and instrumentation tube (IT) were optimized from the current 4.1, 4.1, 4.1 w/o to 4.65, 4.2, 4.2 w/o. The increase in the cycle lifetime achieved through this methodology was 5 effective full-power days (EFPD) on an ideal equilibrium cycle basis while keeping the peak power as low as 2.3% compared with the original design.

  • https://doi.org/10.5516/NET.01.2011.047 인용 PDF KSCI

장군광산(將軍鑛山)의 연(鉛)·아연(亞鉛)·은(銀) 및 철(鐵) 광상(鑛床)의 성인(成因)과 지질구조(地質構造)와의 관계(關係) - 광상(鑛床) 생성(生成)의 지질구조(地質構造) 규제(規制)와 모암(母岩)의 변질(變質) - (Genesis of the Lead-Zinc-Silver and Iron Deposits of the Janggun Mine, as Related to Their Structural Features Structural Control and Wall Rock Alteration of Ore-Formation)

  • 이현구;고석주;나오야 이마이
    • 자원환경지질
    • /
    • 제23권2호
    • /
    • pp.161-181
    • /
    • 1990

  • The lead-zinc-silver-iron deposits from the Janggun mine are of hydrothermal-metasomatic origin, characterized by the marked hydrothermal alteration of the wallrocks, such as hydrothermal manganese enrichment of carbonate rocks, silicification, chloritization, sericitization, montmorillonitization and argillic alteration. The ore deposits have been emplaced within the Janggun Limestone of Cambro-Ordovician age at the immediate contacts with apophyses injected from the Chunyang Granite plutons of Late Jurrasic age. They have been structurally controlled by fractures in the carbonate rocks and the irregular intrusive contacts of granitic rocks, and are closely associated with hypogene manganese carbonate deposits. In the mine nine seperate orebodies are being mined. On the basis of the petrological study, hydrothermal alteration zone of this mine may be divided into the following four zones from wallrock to orebody. (I) Primary calcite and dolomite zone${\rightarrow}$(II) dolomitic limestone zone${\rightarrow}$(III) dolomitic zone${\rightarrow}$(IV) rhodochrosite zone${\rightarrow}$ orebody. There was not recongnized Mn and Fe elements in the primary calcite and dolomite zone. But, in the dolomitic limestone and dolomite zone, calcite and dolomite were subjected to weak hydrothermal manganese enrichment and the grade of the manganese enrichment increase oreward. By means of electron probe microanalysis, it was found that manganoan dolomite occured between primary dolomite grains, cross the cleavage of the primary dolomite and around the dolomite grains. Above these result supports that the Janggun manganese carbonate deposits are of hydrothermal metasomatic origin.

  • PDF

식육중 Escherichia coli O157 검출을 위한 enzyme immunoassay 기법 개발 (Development of an enzyme immunoassay for detection of Escherichia coli O157 in meat)

  • 정병열;정석찬;조동희;김종염;박용호;신쌍재;김성국;김봉환
    • 대한수의학회지
    • /
    • 제38권4호
    • /
    • pp.745-750
    • /
    • 1998

  • A sensitive and rapid enzyme immunoassay(EIA) to detect Escherichia coli O157 in ground beef was developed by using a sandwich type assay with polyclonal antibodies to E coli O157. E coli O157 in ground beef could be detected within 15hr, including incubation for 12hr in enrichment broth and 3hr in immunoassay. The EIA could detect $1.3{\times}10^5$ cells of E coli O157/g of ground beef without enrichment. The lowest limit of detection was 0.23 E coli O157 per g of meat after enrichment. Confirmation was required in the positive specimens in the EIA by culture method even though the negative specimens were not. These results suggested that the immunoassay could be a very efficient method for the screening E coli O157 in meat.

  • PDF