• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
• /
• v.45 no.2
• /
• pp.75-96
• /
• 2011

This research investigated the facts about the place and date of praying for the engraving of the first edition of Tripitaka Koreana. Major findings are as follows: 1) The very first idea of engraving the first edition of Tripitaka Koreana was evidenced in the record of 'The beginning of Tripitaka Koreana' from 'Daejanggakpan Gunsin Gigomun' written by YiGyuBo. 2) After comparing the contents of 'Daejanggakpan Gunsin Gigomun' with the record of the third volume of 'Goryeosa Jeolyo' dated February 13, 1011, this researcher confirmed that 'Daejanggakpan Gunsin Gigomun' also recorded this historical fact. 3) In the third volume of 'Goryeosa Jeolyo' dated February 13th, 1011, it is documented that a ritual was held to pray to the gods of heaven and earth for expelling the Kitan from the country. Further, the document states that this particular ritual consisted of a ceremony of lanterns held at the temporary palace in Cheongju on February 15th, to report to the gods on 'the engraving of the first edition of Tripitaka Koreana' 4) Therefore, it is verified that the date of praying for the engraving of the first edition of Tripitaka Koreana was February 15th of the lunar calendar, 1011(the second year of King Hyunjong's reign), and the place was the temporary palace in Cheongju.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.80-89
• /
• 1996

Tripitaka Koreana was made during Koryo Dynasty from 1236 to 1251 A.D. Buddhist scriptures were engraved on 81.340 wooden plates. This study was made to identify species in these archaeological wooden plates using light and scanning electron microscopes. The results were as follows more than 62% of whole specimens investigated was Prunus sp., which was used in wooden plate 64% and wooden plate edge 56%, Pyrus sp. was used 13% of whole specimens and 31% of wooden plates. Therefore, 75% of whole Tripitaka Koreana was made by these two species. Acer sp., Betula sp., Machilus sp., Cornus sp., Daphnilhyllum sp., Prunus sp. were also identified but extreamly rare. Especially Machilus sp. and Daphnilhyllum sp. originally distributed in subtropical zone of west and south coast in Korea were identified, suggested strongly another engraving place of Tripitaka Koreana, Namhae bunsadogam.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
• /
• v.28
• /
• pp.415-445
• /
• 1998

This study attempts at the engraving place of wood-printing plates held in the Haein Temple(해인사), which were famous for playing the significant role in the understanding of publishing activities of both the Koryo and Choson Dynasty. Following the common way the bibliographic elements of the books were analyzed namely according to the publication place and the publisher. The findings derived from the analysis are summarized as follows; In the Haeinsa the wood-printing plates books are preserved moved from 17 temples such as Bongso-Sa(봉서사), Hago-Sa(하고사), Soksuam(석수암), Inhung-Sa(인흥사), Wonkwang-Sa(월광사), Sinha-Sa(신하사), Gunsyaeng-Sa(군생사), Jangsu-Sa(장수사), Yongtong-Sa(영통사), Wonjok-Sa(원적사), Unjin(은진) SSanggye-Sa(쌍계사), Songsan(성산) SSanggye-Sa(쌍계사), Hungyul-Sa(흥률사), Jongwon-Sa(정원사), Yon-Sa(연사), Gamro-Sa(감로사), Yongguam(영귀암) besides the publications of temples, there are publications of local branches of gangyengdogam(간경도감) such as Jinju(진주), Sangju(진주), Sangju(상주), Andong(안동), of local public agencies such as Gaelimbu(계림부), Dalsunggwan(달성관), and of private families of which 8 titles in the Koryo Dynasty and 13 titles of the Choson Dynasty. Among the "SSanggyae-Sa(쌍계사) publication" held in the Haeinsa, 9 titles including Chimungyonghun(치문경훈) are recklesaly preserved with dividing both in Gap temple(갑사) and in Haeinsa as the same publication. It is possible that other scattered present publications or remaining publications might have been remaining publication from those partly burnt ones of the complete publications. By means of the investigation on the catalogs of publications, 5 titles such as <> <> <> <> <> which are now kept in the Haeinsa moved from the Taegubu(대구부) or Yongyon-Sa(용연사) were newly identified.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
• /
• v.33 no.1
• /
• pp.95-102
• /
• 2018

This study investigated the improvement of safety certification marking method and location marked on temporary equipments in order to guarantee the quality and safety of temporary equipments. The survey was performed for the stakeholder (manufacturers, lessors, and users) to find out the effective way that all stakeholder can agree each other. The main reason which users checked the safety certification making is that the mandatory safety certification marking can prevent the usage of poor and illegal temporary equipments. For the marking method, all stakeholder agreed that a depressed engraving method was an effective and usable displaying method. The opinions about the position of safety certification marking among the users, lessors, and manufacturers did not come into the agreement. The manufacturers preferred the marking position in which the engraving process is easy, but users wanted the conspicuous place such as vertical member. However, it is necessary to continuously study ways to adopt the position preferred by the users.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
• /
• v.46 no.1
• /
• pp.263-288
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this research was to examine the significance of the first edition of Tripitaka Koreana. In this research, the following were done: 1) by clarifying the place and date of praying for the engraving of the first edition of Tripitaka Koreana, its significance as "Daejanggyeong" produced to expel the Kitan was more clearly explained; 2) its physical characteristics were examined to provide evidence of the artistic and creative features of its engravings, quite different from those of the Gaebo Tripitaka made in China; and 3) its structure was analyzed from a viewpoint of a systematic bibliography. It was found that since the first edition of Tripitaka Koreana contained all the earlier lists of Buddhistic scriptures in China(and individual scriptures were thoroughly examined and included into its content since the reign of King Munjong), it had a systematic bibliographical significance demonstrated by its comprehensive and cumulative nature.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
• /
• v.19
• /
• pp.25-38
• /
• 2010

The "Name" is not only representative of a person but also a cultural heritage containing national cultures. Therefore, we can easily find some cultural value from the square inch sized seal texts. This article is a comprehensive study of the characteristics of names appeared on the seals in the Warring States Period. In the Warring States Period, single name is generally used for naming and this style can be divided into 13 categories. Except unavoidable cases, such as using the name of place, the name of person or the reason of physical characteristics, using double name is very rare and this style can be categorized by 8 kinds. In result, using double name is defined as a fringe method of naming in the Warring States Period. In addition, we can find a big difference between the names of Warring States Period and those of Post-Qin and Han Dynasties in the structural aspects. In conclusion, understanding of the characteristics of names from the Warring States Period can be a great help to better understanding of ancient books and unearthed documents.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
• /
• v.50 no.1
• /
• pp.395-416
• /
• 2016

This study analyzes periodic phenomena on publication and characteristics of Buddhist scriptures engraved on woodblock in temples located in Hwanghae Province during the Joseon Dynasty period in bibliographic approach. There are total 85 Buddhist scriptures published in Hwanghae Province, 5 scriptures among them including Yonggamsugyeong appear to be engraved on woodblock only in temples in Hwanghae Province. They, published in 64 printings during the early days of the Joseon Dynasty, occupy 75% of total Buddhist scriptures, and are analyzed to be intensively published with the support of royal family members such as Queen Munjeong in the reign of King Myeongjong. However, as the publication displayed a sharply declining tendency in the late Joseon period after the Japanese invasion, it is understood to be identical with historical fact that the people's livelihood in Hwanghae Province closed to ruin through invasions from Japan and Manchuria. In addition, the analysis on characteristics of these Buddhist scriptures by subject indicates that over 80% of them are generally sacred books and dogmas. In fact, woodblock engraving works in temples emphasize on the duty of an engraver, and many engravers are investigated that they engraved only 2 to 3 Buddhist scriptures in temples located in Hwanghae Province. Doseong and Suyeon can be regarded as remarkable itinerant monks as they were appeared to engrave Buddhist scriptures in not only Hwanghae Province and also other regions by moving from one place to another. This study is expected to be meaningful as a paper that can be used on future studies to compare Buddhist scriptures engraved on woodblock in other regions in North Korea.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.61-68
• /
• 2014

Recently, there have been increasing attempts to pursue and express feelings such as sensibilities, emotions, and impressiveness in commercial spaces. One of such methods is to apply 'storytelling' to space designs. Applicability of storytelling to a space suggests that the contents of a space can be expressed through various mediums. Portraying events and situations through a single time continuity of a story is referred to as 'narrative'. The movement of users and sequence of contents are determined by a narrative. It provides different storytelling and a sense of place to each space through various roles, such as wide association, engraving, and image formation. A narrative can lead users to engage in different perceptions and behaviors even in spaces with the same content. Thus, this study is intended to examine the impact of space marketing in line with design narratives, assuming that narratives of commercial space designs will influence the formation of brand identity. The research methods are as follows. First, the definition of narratives in space design was established by examining narrative architectures. Second, design analysis tools for commercial spaces were established from the perspective of narratives through preceding studies. Third, the design narratives of different shops under the same brand were comparatively analyzed through a case study. To carry out a case study, a commercial space of 'O'sulloc' was selected, and its brand identity was studied from the narrative standpoint. The case study involved interior designs of 7 road shops of 'O'sulloc.' Among the 7 road shops, two of them with the biggest difference in design narratives were selected, and an observation survey was done on the users as a second analysis. Through the observation survey, actual design narrative experience was analyzed in 4 steps of introduction, development, turn, and conclusion. The findings are as follows. The design method of each shop varied, and different design elements were emphasized. Among various elements, the ones that reflect the brand identity of 'O'sulloc' the best were logo, product, and shape. During the process of narratives, the characteristics of each shop and user recognition and behavior varied depending on the degree of emphasis on a particular element. It suggests that space design narratives can influence the formation of brand identity. This study provides ideal directions of developing space designs necessary for forming brand identity from the standpoint of Korean traditional culture modernization. Future studies could discuss the economic feasibility of such designs.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
• /
• v.51 no.2
• /
• pp.92-107
• /
• 2018

In 2013~2016, gilt-bronze shoes were excavated from the ancient tombs in Jeongchon Village located at Bogam-ri, Dasi-myeon in Naju. They are estimated to have been made in the late 5th or early 6th centuries. The gilt-bronze shoes are significant in that they serve to explicate the relationship between the center of Baekje and the local forces in the Yeongsan River Basin. This study's specific focus was the gilt-bronze shoes from the ancient tombs in Jeongchon Village. Based on the findings, a restoration drawing was designed and restored products were manufactured by considering metalwork techniques used to manufacture the original ones. At first, manufacturing techniques were tested by using a scientific analysis and visual observation. The manufacturing method, structures, and patterns of the gilt-bronze shoes were closely examined. Then, a design drawing of gilt-bronze shoes was created through field measurement and they were recreated on the basis of the analysis. The original form of the restored products were manufactured through cutting out the outward form, bore carving, engraving, molding, plating, and an assembly process. In the restoration process, this study examined the formal characteristics of gilt-bronze shoes, manufacturing techniques, and archetypes during Baekje's late Hanseong era. Products restored from this study are expected to be used as achievements for more easily understanding the culture of Baekje.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.22-32
• /
• 2011

This study explored the architectural nature, the thought reflected in the place and the 'meaning-landscape' characteristic of a place, to where a retired scholar had lived. The object of the study is the Maechun-Byulup Toesu-jeong wonlim, which consists of a summer house and a garden forest. The results of the study are as following. Toesu-jeong wonlim is located at Daejeong-ri, Sannae-myeon, Namwon-si. It had been built by Maechun Park Chi-Gi in 1870 for his residence after retirement. It is a villa type pavilion and a garden forest which have Banseondaegi(伴仙臺記), Banseondae-10-yeong, Toesu-jeong(退修亭) Sangryangmun, a writing dedicated when putting up the ridge beam of a wooden house), Toesu-jeong Wonwun Byeongsoseo, hanging boards and tablets with poems written on them. In the Toesu-jeong wonlim, there are various 'meaning-landscapes' such as the Maechun-Byulup, Banseondae, Yabakdam and Simjinam together with engraved calligraphy related to the landscaping culture. It is also possible to find the remains of beautiful engraving on the stones and woods at Goksoo Yoogeo(曲水流渠) that suggest the banquets they had while discussing the elegant tastes and appreciating the landscape. The Toesu-jeong wonlim consists of the Toesu-jeong area(a pavilion), the Gwanseon-jae area(a shrine) area and the Gyejeong area(a garden with a brook) area. The pedantic 'meaning-landscape' elements, as the residence of retired scholar who spent his remaining life with elegant tastes, and the expertise of Maechun Park Chi-Gi, as a landscaping architect who built a villa and a garden forest in the motif of a Taoist hermit, can be extracted through the Banseondae-10yeong. The Banseondae-10yeong is the first Toesu-jeong poem and consisting of the Samseon-dae, Sejin-dae, Samcheong-dam, Yabak-dam, Samseo, Takgeum-dam, flat stones, caves, stone sculptures and harvest. The existing vegetation and plants in the Toesu-jeong wonlim are; natural pine forest in the rear garden, zelkova trees, wild cherry trees, apricot trees and pine trees bent to the waterfront direction. Except some ornament-species and shielding-species such as the poplars, most of current trees and vegetation keep the shape of the original Toesu-jeong wonlim landscape.