• 전기학회논문지P
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• 제59권2호
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• pp.197-201
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• 2010

$SF_6$ gas would be used in power transformer, GIS (Gas insulated switchgear) and so on because of its electrically superior insulation and chemically stable structure. Recently, the reduction of $SF_6$ is required to avoid global warming and the researches on the dilution of $SF_6$ with other gases have been carried out. $SF_6$ mixture gases with $N_2$ and $C_xF_y$ have drawn attention to the synergy effect. However, in order to understand the mechanism of the synergy effect, it is important to analyze and evaluate properties of mixture gases quantitatively. In this paper, we investigated the mechanism of synergy effect from electron collision processes and electron energy distribution by solving Boltzmann equation with propagator method. Three kinds of gases for dilution of $SF_6$ ($SF_6/N_2$, $SF_6/CF$4 and $SF_6/C_4F_8$) are considered in this simulation. On the properties of $SF_6/N_2$ mixture gas, the variation of reduced electric field was shown highly within 0%~40% mixtures of $SF_6$. And the more low-level electron energy has been distributed, the higher insulation capability has appeared.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.844-847
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• 2001

The application of laser direct etching has been discussed, and believed that the process is a very powerful method for micro machining. This study is focused on the micro patterning technology using laser direct etching process with no chemical damage of the material surface. A new introduced concept of energy synergy effect for surface micro machining is the combination of chemically ion reaction and laser thermal process. The etchant can't etch the material in room temperature, and used Ar laser has not power enough to machine. But, the machining is occurred in local area of the material by the combined energy. Using this process, the material is especially prevented from chemical damage for electric property. We have tested this new concept, and achieved a line with $1{mu}m$ width. The Ar laser with 488nm wavelength was used. The material was Si(100) wafer, and etchant is KOH solution. The application and flexibility of this process is in great hopes for MEMS structures and fabrication of the micro electric device parts.

• 한국환경생물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경생물학회 2004년도 학술대회
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• pp.119-120
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• 2004

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.190-199
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• 2017

Air-blown Gasification of coal and torrefied biomass mixture is conducted on fixed-bed gasifier. The various ratio (9:1, 8:2, 7:3) of coal and torrefied biomass mixture are used. The contents of $H_2$, CO in the syngas were increased with gasification temperature. Carbon conversion tend to increase with temperature and equivalence ratio (ER). However, cold gas efficiency showed maximum point in ER range of 0.26-0.36. The torrefied biomass showed highest cold gas efficiency of 67.5% at $934^{\circ}C$, ER 0.36. Gasification of 8:2 mixture showed the highest carbon conversion and cold gas efficiency and synergy effect.

• 환경생물
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.277-286
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• 2002

An increase in the overall biological effect under the combined action of ionizing radiation with another inactivating agent can be explained in two ways. One is the supposition that synergism may attribute to a reduced cellular capacity of damn-ge repair after the combined action. The other is the hypothesis that synergism may be related to an additional lethal or potentially lethal damage that arises from the interaction of sublesions induced by both agents. These sublesions ave considered to be in-effective when each agent is applied separately. Based on this hypothesis, a simple mathematical model was established. The model can predict the greatest value of the synergistic effect, and the dependence of synergy on the intensity of agents applied, as well. This paper deals with the model validation and the peculiarity of simultaneous action of various factors with radiation on biological systems such as bacteriophage, bacterial spores, yeast and mammalian cells. The common rules of the synergism aye as follows. (1) For any constant rate of exposure, the synergy can be observed only within a certain temperature range. The temperature range which synergistically increases the effects of radiation is shifted to the lower temperature fer thermosensitive objects. Inside this range, there is a specific temperature that maximizes the synergistic effect. (2) A decrease in the exposure rate results in a decrease of this specific temperature to achieve the greatest synergy and vice versa. For a constant temperature at which the irradiation occurs, synergy can be observed within a certain dose rate range. Inside this range an optimal intensity of the physical agent may be indicated, which maximizes the synergy. As the exposure temperature reduces, the optimal intensity decreases and vice versa. (3) The recovery rate after combined action is decelerated due to an increased number of irreversible damages. The probability of recovery is independent of the exposure temperature for yeast cells irradiated with ionizing or UV radiation. Chemical inhibitors of cell recovery act through the formation of irreversible damage but not via damaging the recovery process itself.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전기물성ㆍ응용부문C
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• 제49권8호
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• pp.468-476
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• 2000

Nowadays, ozone is mainly utilized for water treatment and home equipments. Although the demand for ozone is increasing, the ozone yield of silent discharge type ozonizer is low. Therefore, it is expected to improve the energy efficiency and ozone yield of an ozonizer. In this paper, a new ozone generation system is proposed. The 60[Hz] three-phase voltage is applied to three-phase superposed discharge type ozonizer(3PSDO) which has three electrodes(central, internal and external electrodes). There is no discharge pause time when three-phase voltage is applied due to 120-degree phase difference of applied voltage. The synergy effect of the three-phase superposed discharge type ozonizer is investigated by comparing with the three sort of single-phase discharge type ozonizer(1PDO). So, three-phase superposed discharge type ozonizer is able to obtain high ozone yield, and optimize discharge space, because this can increase the discharge power at low applied voltage.

• 한국주거학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국주거학회 2009년 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.129-133
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• 2009

country for green growth under minimizing boils to do change in climate under confronting boil the use of petrifaction resources energy and in change. Reduces the greenhouse gas and a environmental contamination, continuity for the growth which is possible demobilizes the greens and ecosystem, with alternative the roof which is an idle space from the construction water and the greens and uses creates in compliance with the effect which is various an energy economy and applies. Roof telerecording the synergy effect which follows with the effect which is various is not the energy saving which leads one effect which is simple in harmony and this lives together the environment which leads and possibility means that becomes the environmental element which hits.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2004년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.110-113
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• 2004

Aluminum and CFRP tube is light-weight material representatively but collapse mechanism is different under axial loading. Aluminum tube absorbs energy by stable plastic deformation under axialloading. While CFRP(Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics)tube absorb synergy by unstable brittle failure but its specific strength and stiffness is higher than that of aluminum tube. In this study, for complement of detect and synergy effect by combination with the advantages of each member, the axialcollapsetests were performed for combined aluminum CFRP tubes which are composed of aluminum tubes wrapped with CFRP out side aluminum square tubes. Collapsecharacteristics were analyzed for combined square tubes which have different CFRP orientation angle and thickness. Test results were compared with that of aluminum tubes and CFRP tubes.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.156-169
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• 2024

This study leverages group-based control theory to explore how fresh starts reinvigorate consumers with low motivation to engage in collective environmental efforts. Typically, individuals with low control over their circumstances show less inclination toward collective goals. However, fresh starts can enhance the influence of perceived control on collective environmental engagement, with global identity mediating this relationship. This hypothesis was supported by two empirical studies. The first study analyzed data from 10,430 corporate participants in an energy-saving initiative, revealing that smaller organizations, which likely experience lower levels of control, made substantial energy-saving efforts early in the year, although this effect diminished over time. The second study of 108 college students found that a fresh start mindset and desire for control, mediated by global identity, enhance environmentally responsible behaviors. These findings suggest that fresh starts can effectively connect control perceptions with proactive environmental actions, underscoring their potential to foster collective environmental efforts.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.915-922
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• 2018

Metallic fuel has been considered for sodium-cooled fast reactors because it can maximize the uranium resources. It generates rare earth elements as fission products, where it is reported by aggravating the fuel-cladding chemical interaction at the operating temperature. Rare earth elements form a multicomponent alloy (Ce-Nd-Pr-La-Sm-etc.) during reactor operation, where it shows a higher reaction thickness than a single element. Experiments have been carried out by simplifying multicomponent alloys for mono or binary systems because complex alloys have difficulty in the analysis. In previous experiments, xCe-yNd was fabricated with two elements, Ce and Nd, which have a major effect on the fuel-cladding chemical interaction, and the thickness of the reaction layer reached maximum when the rare earth elements ratio was 1:1. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect and relationship of rare earth elements on such synergistic behavior. Single and binary rare earth model alloys were prepared by selecting five rare earth elements (Ce, Nd, Pr, La, and Sm). In the single system, Nd and Pr behaviors were close to diffusion, and Ce showed a eutectic reaction. In the binary system, Ce and Sm further increased the reaction layer, and La showed a non-synergy effect.