• Asia Pacific Journal of Business Review
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.19-38
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• 2018

The energy intensity of Nepal is economically not worthy, lacks eco-friendly and importantly not sustainable, and almost four times the average global energy intensity. Considerable efforts have been exercised to reduce the energy gap yet, it is still much to achieve. Nation priority on energy sector was envisaged with promulgation of investment friendly rules and law in hydropower and renewable technology even though, could not harness the sufficient energy. In amid of this acute energy crisis, the government launched the Nepal Energy Efficiency Programme (NEEP) with technical assistance from German International Cooperation (GIZ). Energy Efficiency (EE) practice is the most cost-effective method to reduce the supply and demand gap, reduce on greenhouse gases and pollution, and deter on import of petroleum products which finally improves on trade imbalance. This paper had proposed a framework of energy management team to promote energy efficient technologies in residential consumer. The energy management teams study the past records of energy use pattern of consumers and suggest appropriate technology for energy saving options. The paper provides some reviews of energy efficiency initiatives undertaken by the concern regulatory body which highlights the current status. The comprehensive knowledge acquired through exploratory research is implemented in this paper to identify the various barriers that domestic consumer is experiencing towards the active participation in energy efficiency program launched by the Government of Nepal.

• The KSFM Journal of Fluid Machinery
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.43-48
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• 2016

This study proves successes of Energy Service Company (ESCO) business by heat pump performance test. The purpose of ESCO business is recover investment costs through saving energy from installation of energy reduction facility. The most important technology assessment items are heat recovery and generator output. Experimental result shows that increase quality of heat recovery (11.52Gcal/h), while decrease generator output (0.234kw). In its final analysis, the ESCO business is successful according to our data.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.3-10
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• 2006

As has been expected, economic factors are a major consideration in almost every decision in building design process. Assuming that improving a lighting system, existing or proposed, will reduce operating cost, what preliminary economic guidelines can be established to determine whether any proposed investment appears cost effective? In such a case a reasonable technique to compare system costs is by life-cycle costing. Stated simply, a life-cycle cost represents the total cost of a system over its entire life cycle, that is, the sum of first cost and all future costs. This paper aims to exemplify the benefit of daylighting in term of economic consideration. Four different electric lighting system designs are proposed and a lighting control system that is continuously operating according to the level of daylight in the space has been adapted. The accumulated performance of electric and daylighting is figured out to declare the effective depth of daylight in the space. The analysis on the saving amount of lighting energy due to daylight has been undertaken in answer to the question, that is, several projects are being considered, which is the most desirable from the cost-effectiveness viewpoint. The result shows clearly that although denser layout of lighting fixtures might be more effective to interface to the level of daylight ceaselessly changeable, its economic benefit may not meet the expected criterion the reason of increased initial investment and maintenance cost for the fixtures and control hardware.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Structure & Construction
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• v.34 no.11
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• pp.81-87
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• 2018

Among various types of geothermal heat pump systems, Vertical Closed-Loop Geothermal Heat Pump (VGSHP) has received increasing attention due to a variety of advantages such as the potential to be installed in a relatively small space and improved energy efficiency. In this research, the performance of VGSHP system coupled with heat storage tank was evaluated, by analyzing operational behavior of heat storage tank, the variations of heat pump energy performance due to the connection with heat storage tank, part load ratios characteristics of heat pump and the corresponding energy cost, compared to chiller and boiler based conventional system. The results of this study showed that the VGSHP system coupled with heat storage tank showed an energy saving effect of about 18% for cooling and about 73% for heating, and annual heating/cooling energy cost reduction of 43,000,000 KRW ($ 39,000), compared to the conventional air conditioning system. In addition, after considering both energy cost and initial investment cost including equipment, installation and auxiliary device expenses, payback period of approximately 11.8 years was required.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.260-269
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• 2020

The Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) process is an enhanced method to extract oil from bitumen which involves surface and central process facilities. This paper describes the Central Process Facilities (CPF) of SAGD and proposes several retrofit plans to the Heat Exchanger Network (HEN). In this approach, the process integration scheme is applied to estimate the energy saving in HENs, and various cases are modeled in favor of a commercial simulator. Throughout this work, a minimum approach temperature of 10℃ is assumed. The results reveal that, due to the HEN optimization using process integration, the heating and cooling duties can be reduced to 29.68MW and 1.886MW, respectively. Compared with the Husky case, all cases considered in this study indicate a potential reduction of at least 6% in total cost, including investment and operation costs.

• KEPCO Journal on Electric Power and Energy
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.93-99
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• 2021

The government has proposed a mission to enhance intelligent power networks, decrease coal-fired generation, expand distributed energy resources, and promote energy prosumer into the distribution network in Korea. Installation cost of facility expansion to guaranteed interconnection with small distributed energy resources increases dramatically on KEPCO's distribution sector. And it is hard to withdraw in time. In addition, there are explicit research is required to meet the reliability on grid corresponding to the increase of distributed power. Infrastructure support for accommodating energy prosumer is also needed. Therefore, KEPCO is pushing transition to DSO by expanding distribution management scope and changing its roles. In addition, KEPCO is proactively preparing for integrated operation between distribution network and existing distributed power which is accommodated passively. KEPCO is also trying to accept multiple network users, e.g. building platforms, to manage a data and promote new markets. In the long term, transition to DSO will achieve saving investment costs for accommodating distributed sources and maintaining stable electrical quality. And it will be possible to create new business model using the platform to secure revenue.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.114-123
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• 2013

In these days, most of the office buildings are being required to save energy for maintenance. lighting system constitutes 20% to 30% of the total annual electrical energy consumption in office buildings. As an energy saving strategy for lighting system, dimming control system based on illuminance sensors came into use. But the system is accompanied with many illuminance sensors to control lighting and needs a lot of initial investment. In this study, the prediction equation for indoor daylighting illuminance distribution is proposed through the review for conventional research results and field measurements. The proposed equation was verified by the comparison between predicted results and field measurement results. The developed prediction equation for daylighting can be used to control the indoor illuminance level with the limited sensor when dimming control system is operated.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.205-228
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• 2015

In this paper, we present a virtual laboratory platform (VLP) baptized Mercury allowing students to make practical work (PW) on different aspects of mobile wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Our choice of WSNs is motivated mainly by the use of real experiments needed in most courses about WSNs. These experiments require an expensive investment and a lot of nodes in the classroom. To illustrate our study, we propose a course related to energy efficient and safe weighted clustering algorithm. This algorithm which is coupled with suitable routing protocols, aims to maintain stable clustering structure, to prevent most routing attacks on sensor networks, to guaranty energy saving in order to extend the lifespan of the network. It also offers a better performance in terms of the number of re-affiliations. The platform presented here aims at showing the feasibility, the flexibility and the reduced cost of such a realization. We demonstrate the performance of the proposed algorithms that contribute to the familiarization of the learners in the field of WSNs.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.63-68
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• 2013

On the electricity consumption in Korea, the lighting sector takes about 17% of annual total electricity consumptions. In the midst of higher interests on energy conservation measures, design and choice of energy-saving lighting fixtures have been more important. With growth of technology-intensive industries like advanced material, semiconductor, and biotechnology from the 1980s, needs for clean room and thus illumination at clean rooms have been increased. In this paper, development, specification, and features of a Teardrop LED(hereinafter TD LED) lighting fixture as replacement of Teardrop florescent lighting one that has been popularly installed at clean rooms were presented. Also we performed the economic analysis of return on investment(ROI) about energy savings by the installation of the TD LED lighting fixture at a new-built clean room. The economic analysis showed that the new-developed TD LED lighting fixture would be able to withdraw the initial installation cost within 4 years. Lastly, improvement directions and development plans of the next TD LED lighting fixture for wider applications at clean rooms were described.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2009

This study was carried out to evaluate the Life Cycle Cost(LCC) of three types of RTPV(Building Integrated Photovoltaic) systems-Glass plus Granite. Crystalline BIPV and See through Amorphous BIPV-which were vertically installed to generate the same power output(76 kW level). Initial investment costs. cost. savings and maintenance costs had been predicted during the period of analysing the LCC of three types of BIPV(Building Integrated Photovoltaic) systems installed for the purpose of evaluating the LCC. In case of cost savings, it had been analyzed by measuring the amount of electric power generated, reduction in lighting load and heat & cooling loads through simulation. From this analysis, it was predicted that the See-through amorphous BIPV offering cost saving advantages demonstrated the economical efficiency similar to the Class plus Granite when it is backed by more than 20 years of durability.