• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.345-375
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• 2002

The purpose of this paper is to measure the change of the production efficiency which may happen when environmental regulation incurs technological constraint in the process of production, and to compute the opportunity cost of pollution reduction with the lost products based on the change of efficiency. The patterns of production technoloy in the paper are divided into the technologies of strong disposability and weak disposabilty to grasp the effect of the technological constraint due to the environmental regulation. The endowment of the technolgical constraints in the process of production is considered to bring the greatest restriction on firm's production. When the environmental efficiencies of Korean regional manufactures were measured with linear programming model, the lost products related with the constraint of production technology that environmental regulation incurred, was average 148.1 billion dollar per year(5.87% of one year overall products) for total manufactures in 1991~1998. The ratio of the lost products for total products was spread from 0.78% to 1l.08%. The average lost products of 15 regions were changed from 4.66% to 18.35% of total products. Generally the environmental efficiency index of regional manufactures being decreased continuously since 1991, it is estimated that the environmental performance of Korean manufactures has been more and more deteriorating.

• Journal of Information Management
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.51-74
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• 2004

ISO/TC46 is the International Organization for Standardization of practices relating to libraries, documentation and information centers, indexing and abstracting services, archives, information science and publishing. This study analyzes current trend of ISO/TC46 and the 4 subcommittees, considering recent matters in regard with identification and description of information resources: ISBN, ISSN, ISMN, ISRN, ISRC, ISAN, ISTC, etc. This research discusses also the question of how international standard numbers system are managed: endowment identifying numbers for electronic resources, component parts, and works.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.115-133
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to understand the value of the book, To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee as the most favored 'One Book' and the goals of the 'One Book, One City' programs which selected this particular book. A total of 86 'One Book' programs from 2001 through 2014 and 138 The Big Read programs from 2007 through 2015 selected To Kill a Mockingbird as 'One Book' to read. With this book, many communities discussed the sympathy toward the dignity of human being with such subjects as courage, justice, and integrity, and presented its value through book discussions, various programs and events.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.43 no.3 s.205
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• pp.221-231
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• 2005

This study investigated the cross-cultural differences in temperament among Chinese, Korean-Chinese, and Korean children. Subjects were 1,046(258 Korean-Chinese, 290 Chinese, and 498 Korean) 4th graders from Yanji in China and Seoul and Ulsan in Korea. The short form of the Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire Scale-Revised containing 10 scales of 54 items was translated into Korean for Korean and Korean-Chinese children and into Chinese for Chinese children and was administered to children via home-room teachers. Chinese children rated themselves higher on activation control, attention, and pleasure- and perceptual-sensitivity subscales than other groups. On the contrary, Chinese-Korean children rated themselves higher on the affiliation subscale and Korean children rated themselves higher on the aggression subscale than other groups. There were larger gender differences among Chinese and Korean-Chinese than among Korean children: Gender difference was found in activation control, aggression, and attention subscales among Chinese children and in affiliation, aggression, attention and fear subscales among Korean-Chinese. There was only significant difference in pleasure sensitivity among Korean. Rapid westernization in Korea seems to be responsible for this result. Since there were significant differences of temperament between Korean and Korean-Chinese, and between Chinese and Korean-Chinese, it was interpreted that children's temperament is influenced by both their environment and genetic endowment.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.158-167
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• 2021

Fishery industry is an important part of agricultural industry in coastal countries. The purpose of this study is to use the theory of industrial competitiveness for reference, use Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Delphi method to establish the evaluation index system, and analyze the fishery industry competitiveness of 11 coastal provinces in China. This study data came from China Fishery Statistical Yearbook 2020. The results show that Shandong Province is the most competitive province in fishery industry among the coastal provinces. The inter-provincial differences are great. Not only the resource endowment is the factor that affects the fishery industry competitiveness, but also the long-term profitability is too. The proportion of recreational fishery in the fishery economic output value has become one of the main indicators to measure the competitiveness of the fishery industry. The findings of this study suggest that all regions should adopt measures in accordance with local conditions, promote the integrated development of the fishery industry, enhance the added value of fishery products and enhance the competitiveness of fishery industry. The disadvantage of this study is that the fishery industry competitiveness of China's coastal provinces is only compared and analyzed. The future direction is to carry out a comparative study on the international competitiveness of fishery with other east Asian countries.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.99-112
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• 2022

Purpose - This paper empirically investigates via a spatial lag model from the perspective of space economy to find the influencing factors of South Korea's OFDI along with 60 countries. Design/methodology - In the study of regional economic phenomena, we must first test the corresponding spatial correlation, and on this basis, complete the construction of the spatial model. For the target research object, after testing the spatial correlation, if there is spatial correlation, a spatial measurement model is needed. This paper uses the global Moran's I index for calculation. Based on the characteristics and research needs of the research object, this paper selects the spatial lag model to verify the existence of the spatial effect and factors affecting OFDI. Findings - Our results show that export scale, infrastructure, technology level, political stability, resource endowment, market size, distance and labor cost have a certain impact on Korea's OFDI, but at present the distance and market size factors are the most important influencing factors for South Korea's OFDI, The technical level and political stability have little effect on South Korea's OFDI, and are not main factors determining South Korea's OFDI. Originality/value - Through spatial measurement verification, it was found that the spatial effect has a significant impact on OFDI, along with more than 60 countries. On this basis, relevant suggestions are put forward, which have strong practical significance for South Korea's OFDI to achieve healthy and sustainable development.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.25 no.8
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• pp.25-44
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• 2021

Purpose - This research aims to provide empirical evidence that highlights the importance of imported intermediate goods in long-term economic growth. To this end, this paper develops an index that measures the productivity gains associated with a country's intermediate goods imports using highly disaggregated trade data. Design/methodology - The basic hypothesis is that countries sourcing higher-productivity (or higher-quality) inputs from developed economies derive a larger benefit from foreign R&D. To explore this hypothesis, standard cross-country growth regressions are performed using the highly disaggregated data from the United Nations (UN) Commodity Trade Statistics Database (COMTRADE). To address the endogeneity issue, I apply an instrumental variable (IV) approach. Findings - The results of this study demonstrate that the index predicts subsequent economic growth in middle- and low-income countries. This finding is consistent with previous studies that have argued that developing countries can achieve substantial productivity gains by importing intermediate inputs from developed countries. By contrast, there is no evidence of a significant association between the index and economic growth in high-income countries. Originality/value - This paper contributes to our understanding of the causal relationship between international trade and economic growth. From an economic policy perspective, the results suggest that developing countries with limited technology endowment can boost growth from input-tariff liberalization.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.169-177
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• 2024

The purpose of this paper is to explore the meaning of talent donations by semi-professional Athlete using Q methodology. This Q factor analysis finally identified 3 factors: The first factor, The type of donation cautious, They represent an understanding the need for donation, needing to prepare for donation, information about donation targets, careful attitude toward talent donation. The second factor, The type of donation authenticity, They represent departure from good mind, premise of authenticity to donation, necessity of program for donation activities. The final factor, The type of trust for endowment institution, They represent trust in the target organization to donate, interest in donation-related incidents, necessity of various donation methods in sports field.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.133-143
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• 2014

The development of the gut is controlled and modulated by different interacting mechanisms, such as genetic endowment, intrinsic biological regulatory functions, environment influences and last but no least, the diet influence. In this work, we compared the fecal microbiota of breast-fed (BF), formula-fed (FF), and mixed-fed (MF) infants from Hebei Province, China. By using high-throughput 16S rDNA sequencing analyses, we found some differences in gut microbiota in the three groups. Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were the dominant bacteria at the phylum level in the three groups, where FF infants showed a significant depletion in Bacteroidetes (p < 0.001) and Actinobacteria (p < 0.05). Enterobacteriaceae was the dominant bacteria at the family level in the three groups, but FF infants showed higher Enterobacteriaceae enrichment than BF and MF infants (p < 0.05); the abundance of the Bifidobacteriaceae was only 8.16% in the feces of BF infants, but higher than in MF and FF infants (p < 0.05). The number of genera detected (abundance >0.01%) in BF, MF, and FF infants was only 15, 16, and 13, respectively. This study could provide more accurate and scientific data for the future study of infant intestinal flora.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.95-105
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• 2020

Purpose: Will more expensive gifts be more pleasurable and appreciated? This is a general expectation of gift-givers. According to the previous study on Americans (Flynn and Adams 2009), recipients tend to appreciate gifts regardless of their price. It indicates that there is an interaction effect between position (giving / receiving) and gift price. This study expands the previous study and aims to answer the following two questions: "Are such an interaction effect observed in Korean, too?" and "What types of people prefer expensive gifts?" Research design, data, and methodology: Study 1 of the current research repeated the Study 3 of Flynn and Adams (2009), with an iPod (high-priced gift condition) and a music CD (low-priced gift condition). That is, a 2 (gift price: high / low) x 2 (position: giver / receiver) between-group design was used. Study 2 used gift certificates of 100,000 won (high-priced gift condition) and 5,000-won gift (low-priced gift condition). Unlike the previous study that measured only one dependent variable (gratitude), this study added five more dependent variables in an attempt to exclude alternative explanations, such as endowment effects or emotional conflicts. This study also measured individualism / collectivism, face sensitivity, and materialism to explore the types of people who prefer expensive gifts. Results: The interaction effect between gift price and position on the level of appreciation was not significant. Meanwhile the main effect of gift price and of position were significant. The gift-recipient was more appreciative than the gift-givers' expectation regardless of the price of gifts. To investigate individual differences, individualism/collectivism, face sensitivity, and materialism were examined, but none of these variables were significantly related to the preference for expensive gifts. Respondents who received gift certificates in Study 2 were less grateful than those who received iPods or music CDs in Study 1. Conclusions: This study found that Koreans tend to be more grateful if they receive expensive gifts, in contrast to the Flynn and Adams (2009)'s study with Americans. In addition, gift-recipients appreciated more than givers' expectation and were more grateful when they received tangible products rather than gift certificates.