• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.169-175
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• 2007

The Bio Best Bacillus(B3) and Rotating Activated Bacillus Contactor(RABC) processes, in which Bacillus strains are predominating, are reported to remove nitrogen and phosphorus as well as organic matter effectively. Nevertheless the nutrient removal characteristics of the Bacillus strains have not been studied in detail so far. This study investigated the organic and nutrient removal by Bacillus strains, Bacillus megaterium(KCTC 3007), Paenibacillus polymyxa(KCTC 3627), and Bacillus sp. A12, C21, F12, and L1(isolated from a B3 process), by incubating the strains in 0.2% nutrient broth at $30^{\circ}C$. Burkholderia cepacia(KCTC 2966), a common activated sludge organism, was used as a reference species for comparison. Although the degradation rate was affected by the population sire, the specific removal rates of organic matter by Bacillus strains were greater by $2\sim5$ times than that of Burkholderia. In particular, the culture bottles inoculated with the endospores of Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus sp. C21, F12, and N12 showed significantly higher degradation rate than those of vegetative cells.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.359-366
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• 2002

Bacillus polyfermenticus SCD which is commonly called as Bisroot strain is being used for functional foods through the treatment of long-term intestinal disorders, since the live strains in the form of active endospores can successfully reach the target intestine in humans. The cells of B. polyfermenticus SCD were treated for 4h in artificial gastric juice (pH 2.0,3.0) and bile acid. Final viability of the strain in artificial gastric Juice (pH 2.0, 3.0) is reached to 62.8% and 81.2% respectively B. polyfermenticus SCD is resistant to antibiotics such as streptomycin, rifampicin, nystatin and ampicilin. B. polyfermenticus SCD is well known supplies the nutrients by synthesizing vitamin $B_1$, $B_2$, C and K. B. polyfermenticus SCD produces various digestive enzymes and the enzymes enable to completely digest diets in our body. Above all, $\alpha$-amylase and pretense activities are very higher than B. subtilis KCTC 1020, about two fold and twenty five fold respectively. B. polyfermenticus SCD is very stable during long-term storage period in phosphate buffers of wide-range pH, solutions of various concentrations of sodium chloride, 5% glucose solution and water.

• Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.48-54
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• 2007

Bacillus polyfermenticus SCD (B. polyfermenticus SCD) has been appropriately used for the therapy of long-term intestinal disorders, because live strains in the form of active endospores can successfully reach the target intestine in humans. B. polyfermenticus SCD produces the most antibiotic-related materials. In the present study, B. polyfermenticus SCD was fermented with soybeans (BPFS) and its probiotic properties were investigated. B. polyfermenticus SCD and BPFS showed a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity against pathogenic Gram-positive (Streptococcus parauberis, Streptococcus iniae, Lactococcus garviae) and Gram-negative (Flexibacter tractuosus, Vibrio harveyi, Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio ordalii) bacteria and moulds (Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae). Sebastes schlegeli were used to examine survival rate and cleanup action by BPFS. Bacterial infection resulted in a mortality of up to 99% in the commercial fodder fed groups. BPFS both enhanced the growth rate of fry by improving their appetite and had cleaned by decreased eutrophication. Therefore, it seems appropriate that BPFS should be developed as an antibiotic replacement, favorable fodder additive, and antifungal material in fish farming systems.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.73-78
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• 2002

Bacillus polyfermenticus SCD, which is commonly called as Bisroot strain, is being used for functional foods through the treatment of long-term intestinal disorders, since the live strains in the form of active endospores can successfully reach the target intestine in both humans and animals. The cells of B. polyfermenticus SCD were treated for 24 h in artifical bile after incubation for 2 h in artificial gastric juice and final number of the strain was reached to around $3.3{times}10^7\;CFU/mL$. In test of API ZYM kit, ${\beta}-glucuronidase$ or ${\beta}-glucosidase$ was not produced by B. polyfermenticus SCD. B. polyfermenticus SCD was resistant to antibiotics, such as nisin, streptomycin, tetracycline, and rifamycin. B. polyfermenticus SCD was also affected by alcohol concentration up to 4%, but more than 8%, their growth was not affected significantly. Finally, B. polyfermenticus SCD was shown to inhibit the growth of Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19111 completely within 24 h of incubation, which indicated its bactericidal nature.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.377-383
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• 1992

Seven strains of Bacillus thuringiensis were isolated from soil in Korea and characterized. The isolates were named HL-8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16 which produced parasporal crystals and endospores in their cells. The biochemical characteristics of the seven isolates were only minor different in specific chracteristics to the known serotypes of Bacillus thuringiensis. The number of the plasmid DNA elements from the isolates were studied. The computerized molecular weights of the six plasmid elements in the HL-8 and HL-lO strains were from 3.01 to 15.1 Md, four plasmid elements in the HL-12 were from 5.4 to 21.9 Md, four plasmid elements in HL-13 were from 5.1 to 20 Md, three plasmid elements in HL-15 were from 3.4 to 11.3 Md and three plasmid elements in the HL-16 were from 2.4 to 20.1 Md. The seven isolates showed resistances to ampicillin, bacitracin, cephalothin, methicillin and penicillin G. The strains of HL-8, HL-lO, HL12, HL-14, HL-15 and HL-16 showed lethalities against Culex pipiens 3rd instar larvae. The HL8 and 14 strains showed 100% lethality to the larvae within 48 hours. HL-13 strain did not have toxicity against the larvae.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.194-200
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• 2007

In order to enhance the functionality and storage period of traditional fermented foods, the strain CH-14, which To enhance the quality of traditional fermented foods, and to lengthen acceptable storage periods, a bacterial strain, CH-14, showing potent enzyme activities and antibacterial capabilities, was isolated and characterize4 The bacterium wn Gram-positive, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, formed endospores, expressed flagella, was rod-shaped, and had dimensions of 0.5 0.7m and 3.5 4.2m. The bacterium CH-14 was identified as Bacillus subtilis using Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, and an API 50 CHL Carbohydrate Test Kit. An optimum growth medium contained 2% (w/v) cellobiose as a carbon source, a mixture of 0.5% (w/v) yeast extract and 0.5% (w/v) peptone as nitrogen sources, and 0.05% (w/v) $MgSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$. The optimal culture temperature and the optimal initial pH were in the ranges of 30 $45^{\circ}C$ and 4.5 10.0, respectively. Maximum production of the antibacterial substance occurred after 24h of culture. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of the antibacterial substance were 5mg bacterial dry weight/mL against E. coli and P. mirabilis, and 10 mg/mL against S. aureus, S. enteritidis and V. parahaemolyticus.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.138-143
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• 2023

In this study, the crack healing performance of each crack healing agent manufacturing method was analyzed by adding crack healing agents in the form of alginate gel and spore suspension inoculated with endospores of calcium carbonate-forming bacteria to mortar. In addition, by applying it to an full-scale structure in the form of a box-type culvert, we attempted to create an environment in which the developed crack healing agent can be applied not only to a laboratory environment but also to an actual field. The crack healing agent using the dry heat drying method showed crack healing performance, but in the case of the freeze drying method, many spores were killed by freeze hardening and therefore the crack healing performance was lost. As a result of SEM and XRD pattern analysis of the presumed crack healing material extracted from the crack of a full-scale structure, it was found to be calcite, one of the calcium carbonate crystals produced by microorganisms applied to the crack healing agent. In conclusion, it was found that the crack healing by microorganisms can be implemented in a real structure.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.263-268
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• 2002

Bacillus polyfermenticus SCD, which is commonly called a 'Bisroot' strain, has been appropriately used for the treatment of long-term intestinal disorders, since the live strains, in the form of active endospores, can successfully reach the target intestine. Goal of this study was to develop an industrial medium for growth and sporulation of B. polyfermenticus SCD. From the results of effect of mixed carbon sources on growth and sporulation of B. polyfermenticus SCD, glucose 2% and starch 2% was particularly found to be the most effective for the maximum number of spore production, resulting in spore cells of $4.3{\times}10^9\;spores/mL$ with a sporulation yield of 91%. For the effect of nitrogen sources, the maximum spore cells of $5.7{\times}10^9\;spores/mL$ of B. polyfermenticus SCD with a sporulation yield of 97% was obtained when B. polyfermenticus SCD was cultivated in an optimum nitrogen source medium containing 5% soybean flour. A medium involving proper phosphate salt yielded the maximum number of a spore cells of $6.0{\times}10^9\;spores/mL$ with a sporulation yield of 95%. Finally, the efficacy of an industrial medium (KH5 medium) on growth and sporulation of B. polyfermenticus SCD was investigated in jar fermenter. The higher number of viable cells $(3.3{\times}10^{10}\;cells/mL)$ and spore cells $(3.0{\times}10^{10}\;spores/mL)$ were obtained in 5 L fermenter when compared with a 500 mL baffle flask cultivation. Thus, KH5 medium developed in this study shows promise as an industrial medium because of higher cells and sporulation yield.