• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권12호
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• pp.5937-5946
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• 2012

The term endocrine disruptors is used to describe a variety of natural and manmade substances that have the capacity to potentially interfere with and modify the normal physiology of endocrine system either by mimicking, blocking or modulating the actions of natural endogenous hormones. The rising incidence of breast cancer over the last 50 years and the documented higher incidence in urban as compared to rural areas suggest a relationship to the introduction and increased use of xenoestrogens in our environment. The literature has developed over the last decades where initial experiments on endocrine disruptors did not support an involvement in breast cancer, and then evidence mounted implicating various environmental factors including hormones, endocrine disrupting chemicals and non-endocrine disrupting environmental carcinogens in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. Available data support the hypothesis that exposure to endocrine disruptors in utero leaves a signature on mammary gland morphogenesis so that the resulting dysgenic gland becomes more predisposed to develop tumors upon exposures to additional insults later on during life. Exceptionally, exposure to phytoestrogens could be beneficial to human health. Most of the available data are from well developed countries while the developing countries are still understudied regarding these issues. Here, we raise a note of caution about potential role of environmental toxins including endocrine disruptors in breast cancer development and call for serious measures to be taken by all involved parties in the developing world.

• Journal of Endocrine Surgery
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.236-239
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• 2018

Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPTH) occurs commonly in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Uncontrolled SHPTH is associated with complications of calcium deposition including calciphylaxis and elevated rates of cardiovascular morbidity. Current treatment recommendations for medically refractory disease include total parathyroidectomy, often with autotransplantation (TPTH+AT) of minced parathyroid gland. Surgical intervention is associated with a reduction in cardiovascular mortality. We report a case of a 56-year-old man with ESRD who developed SHPTH and underwent TPTH+AT of parathyroid tissue into the right brachioradialis muscle. Over the course of 7 years he developed a mass at the site of the autotransplanted gland as well as recurrent refractory hyperparathyroidism with increased forearm uptake noted on sestamibi scan. After excision of this mass, pathology demonstrated hyperplasia of the minced gland fragments which were embedded within a mass of fibroadipose tissue rather than the muscle tissue it was originally transplanted in.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.104-104
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• 2004

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.113-122
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• 2019

Communications at the interface between the apical membrane of follicular cells and the follicular lumen are critical for the homeostasis of thyroid gland. Primary cilia at the apical membrane of thyroid follicular cells may sense follicular luminal environment and regulate follicular homeostasis, although their role in vivo remains to be determined. Here, mice devoid of primary cilia were generated by thyroid follicular epithelial cell-specific deletion of the gene encoding intraflagellar transport protein 88 (Ift88). Thyroid follicular cellspecific Ift88-deficient mice showed normal folliculogenesis and hormonogenesis; however, those older than 7 weeks showed irregularly dilated and destroyed follicles in the thyroid gland. With increasing age, follicular cells with malignant properties showing the characteristic nuclear features of human thyroid carcinomas formed papillary and solid proliferative nodules from degenerated thyroid follicles. Furthermore, malignant tumor cells manifested as tumor emboli in thyroid vessels. These findings suggest that loss-of-function of Ift88/primary cilia results in malignant transformation from degenerated thyroid follicles.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.747-755
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• 1996

한국산 두더지의 위장관 점막과 췌장에 분포하는 내분비세포들의 분포와 출현빈도 및 종류를 알아보기 위하여 면역조직화학적으로 관찰하였던 바, 5-HT 면역반응세포는 극소수내지 중등도의 빈도로 전 장관에 고루 분포하였다. Glucagon 면역반응세포는 대장에 국한하여 출현하였다. 또 bovine CG, BPP 및 somatostatin 면역반응세포들은 각각 십이지장, 공장 그리고 위저부를 제외한 전 장관에 다양한 빈도로 고루 분포하였다. Gas/CCK 면역반응세포는 유문부와 소장에서만 다수 그리고 극소수로 관찰되었으나, insulin 면역반응세포는 전 장관에서 관찰할 수 없었다. 한편 췌도의 주변부에서는 glucagon, somatostatin과 BPP 면역반응세포들이, 중심부에서는 insulin 면역반응세포가 높은 빈도로 동정되었으며 또한 외분비에서는 이들 면역반응세포들이 단독 또는 소수의 집단으로 출현하였다. 이상의 결과로써 두더지의 소화관내분비세포의 분포패턴는 고슴도치의 그것과 유사하였으나 십이지장에서 세포의 종류와 출현빈도가 낮은 것을 알 수 있었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.695-699
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• 1996

This experiment was to determine the effect of sialoadenectomy on the ability of the mammary gland development to response to ovarian steroids, estrogen and progesterone, stimulus in vivo. Body weights did not differ between sham-operated and sialoadenectomized mice within 0 to 18 day estradiol + progesterone (E + P) injection (p > 0.05). Sialoadenectomy reduced mammary development scores from 4.6 to 3.9 or from 4.4 to 3.8 in comparison with those of sham-operated mice for the 12 or 18 day E + P injection ($P{\leq}0.05$), however, sialoadenectomized mice with 0, 1, 3 or 6 day of E + P injection slightly decreased mammary development scores relative to those of sham-operated mice. These results indicate that the endocrine factor secreted from submandibular salivary gland appears to be required for the mammary development to respond fully to estradiol and progesterone. Similar results were obtained in the measurement of mammary DNA contents. Mammary DNA contents of sialoadenectomized mice were significantly decreased relative to those of sham-operated mice for the 6, 12 or 18 day E + P injections. Overall results suggest that salivary gland-secreted endocrine factor, presumably epidermal growth factor (EGF), was mammogenic and should interact with ovarian steroids in mammary development.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.48-55
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• 1979

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of ovariectomy and estradiol benzoate administration on body growth and development of endocrine glands in female rats. One hundred and twenty female rats, 30 days old weighing 72.0${\pm}$3.0g, were divided into control and ovariectomized groups and divided again into two groups, treated and untreated with estradiol benzoate, respectively. Each group was composed of 30 rats. Hormone was injected every two week interval. The body weight was measured weekly from the beginning of treatment to 63 days after treatment and 6 rats per group were sacrificed at 7, 21, 35, 49 and 63 days after treatment for weight change of endocrine gland. The results obtained were as follows: 1. the changes in the body weight during the experimental period were not signifilcantly different between two groups, although the body weight of ovariectomized groups were heavier than that of control groups and the body weight of treated group with estradiol benzoate was heavier than that of untreated group. 2. The body lengths in all groups were increased proportionally to body weight until 63 days after treatment and there were not significantly different among the experimental groups. 3. The weight of hypophysis treated with estradial benzoate in ovariectomized groups was continuously increased in the whole period and was highly significant at 49 and 63 days after treatment as compared with those of untreated in ovariectomized group. 4. Adrenal gland weights of the control and ovariectomized group treated with estradiol benzoate were distinctly light at 21 days after treatment, but there were not significantly different among all groups at 35 days. Adrenal gland weight of ovariectomized groups was smaller than control groups at 49 days and untreated group in ovariectomized groups was considerably smaller than the other 3 groups at 63 days after treatment. 5. In control rats, the ovary weight treated group with estradiol benzoate was larger than the untreated group at 35 days after treatment, but was smaller than the untreated group after 49 days. 6. The weight of reproductive tract in ovariectomized groups were markedly smaller than control groups till 35 days after treatment. The growth of reproductive tract untreated in ovariectomized groups was almost completely depressed.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.1
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• pp.184-184
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• 2003

Endosulfan is one of the organochlorine pesticides, well-known endocrine disruptors (EDs). Many EDs show the estrogenic effect. Estrogen is a group of hormones that play an important role in mammary gland function and implicated in mammary carcinogenesis. In the present study. using mouse mammary gland organ culture (MMOC) system. we studied the the effects of endosulfan on nodule like alveolar lesion (NLAL) formation in the mouse mammary gland development. (omitted)

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.29-32
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• 2018

The parathyroid glands are usually located in the posterolateral area of the thyroid gland. Due to their embryologic origin, they are sometimes found in an ectopic position from the angle of the jaw to the mediastinum. However, their incidental detection in the hypopharyngeal wall is rare. Herein, we report a case of an ectopic parathyroid gland found in the hypopharyngeal wall of a 39-year old woman with no known endocrine abnormality.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.257-268
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• 2021

Phthalates and their metabolites are well-known endocrine disrupting chemicals. Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) has been widely used in industry and the exposing possibility to adult is high. In this study, DEHP was treated (133 ㎍/L and 1,330 ㎍/L in drinking water) according to the OECD test guideline 443 to mature female mice and their adrenal gland were examined for histological characteristics and steroidogenic gene expression. The wet weight of the adrenal gland was increased in all administrated groups compared to control. The diameter of zona fasciculata (ZF) was increased by DEHP in both outer ZF and inner ZF but there was no difference in morphology of the cells and arrangements into zona between groups. In addition, the arrangement of extracellular matrix was not different between control and DEHP groups. CYP11B1 was mainly localized at ZF and the intensity was not different between groups. DAX1 was localized in zona glomerulosa (ZG) and ZF, and its expression levels were decreased by DEHP administration. Its level was lower in DEHP133 group than DEHP1330 group. On the other hand, CYP17A1 was localized in ZG of DEHP1330 group. These results suggest that chronic low-dose DEHP exposing may modify the microstructure and function of the adrenal cortical cortex.