• Proceedings of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea Conference
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.57-69
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• 1997

All of the Tsumami which affected severly the east coast of the Korean Peninsula in the years 1741-1993 are caused by earthquakes occurred along the boundary sea of Japan and norther Honshu. These earthquakes with magnitude greater than 7.0 are results of relative movement between the North American Plate and Urasian Plate. The active fault along the boundary of the two plates is attracted by many researchers since the 1983 May earthquake of magnitude 7.7. It is important to anticipate when the next large earthquake will occur and how much it affect the east coast of Korea. Among a few models of spatial seismic gap were proposed for earthquake occurrences accompanying Tsunami, Ishikawas' east-west seismic gap model is the most probable one. There is a tendency that the period between the activities of the active faults becomes shorter. It is expected that a large earthquake of magnitude 7.0 or above will occur along the eastern boundary of Japan Sea at the end of this century and produce Tsunami at the east coast of Korea.

• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
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• 1996.04a
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• pp.60-61
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• 1996

Polyanion-polycation complexes had been known for a long time on an empirical basis fromthe mutual precipitation of proteins, before Kossel at the end of the previous century recognized the electrostatic nature of the interaction between oppositely charged polyions. The formation of polyelectmlyte complexes is essentially a result of the electrostatic nature of the interaction between oppositely charged polyions. This interaction in the macroscopic homogeneous system the phase transition by polysalt precipitation as well as the chemical and physical structure of polyelectrolyte complex membranes have been intensively investigated from the themodynamical and kinetical point of view.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.147-158
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• 1999

This study focused on situational simularity of psychedelic expressed in the mid-1960s with culture including costume in the end of 20th century. So this study is composed of psychedelic concept and the comparision of temporal background and general characteristics of psychedelia in the 1960s and 1990s and relationship with Art-Nouveau which has originated psychedelia and psycheelic image including mysticism play illusionism and narcissism. The New psychedelic revival of the early 1980s came at a time when as in the mid-1960s the world's attentions were firmly focused on British youth. The same could be said of the mid-1990s when 'BriPop' once again has international appeal and the result has been a kind of New New Psychedelic revival with all manner of British youth styles from the 1960s blended together. The swirling patterns hallucinogenic colors and space-aged designs of the psychedelics have become a symbolic representation of cocktail of youth sex and optimism

• Journal of the Korean Society of Floral Art and Design
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• no.44
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• pp.33-51
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• 2021

This thesis analyzes the formal characteristics of Dutch flower still life from the 17th century to the early 18th century and looks into the relevance with the Dutch art market from a macro perspective. The 17th Flower Still Life is to represent social hierarchy in that as the imported exotic, recherch items, the flowers were classified in the terms of their rarity and expensiveness. For this intriguing research, the subject is circumscribed to a vase of flowers, which is the quintessence of In the form of various Dutch Flower Still Life. Dutch society in the early 17th century was centered on the civilian class engaged in trade and commerce, which allowed them to purchase art works to show off their wealth, economic benefits and satisfaction of aesthetic tastes. Among them, the popularity of flower still life was related to the concentrated demand for rare flowers from the new continent. Accordingly, exact depiction and sense of the three dimensional manner were highly regarded in the early flower still life. For the tastes of the wealthy citizens who succeeded in business, the identity of flowers and the actual screen were considered as important. However, after the mid 17th century, economic growth in the Netherlands put an end, and the art market was also on a downward path. The demand class of flower still life has gotten farther away from the spirit of businessmen and has changed into city aristocrats who were stable rentiers. Their tastes laid emphasis on subjective sensibility, which meant that aristocratic, asymmetric, and dramatic chiaroscuro were preferred rather than being realistic. Furthermore, in the 18th century illusionistic realism was abandoned as an expression method of the planar characteristics and a new era in the floral still life was ushered with the reinforcement of decorative effect. From this perspective, it is not an exaggeration to say that romanticism, which is thought of as the beginning of Contemporary Art, originated from the aesthetic taste of Dutch civic culture.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.405-411
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• 2018

Implementation of mitigation options on land is important for realisation of the goals of the Paris Agreement to stabilize temperature at $2^{\circ}C$. In India, the Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) targets include a forestry goal of creation of carbon sinks of 2.5 to 3 billion tonnes by 2030. There are however, multiple barriers to implementation of forestry mitigation options in India. They include environmental, social, financial, technological and institutional barriers. The barriers are varied not just across land categories but also for a land category depending on its regional location and distribution. In addition to these barriers is the impeding climate change that places at risk realisation of the mitigation potential as rising temperatures, drought, and fires associated with projected climate change may lead to forests becoming a weaker sink or a net carbon source before the end of the century.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Costume Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.40-40
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• 2003

People calls the 21th century when they have just entered 'the age of culture'. In the end of the last country, they reflected the trend of materialism and with this the business of knowledge, art and culture which leaded the information revolution arose as the dominant form of industry. The world opened 'the age of culture'. In the new paradigm called 'the age of culture', the color has become the leading medium to change the comtemporary vision. At this time, this study has diversely considered about purple displayed in the modern fashion.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.1 no.2 s.2
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• pp.85-100
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• 1992

This Study is to analize the transfiguration of the domestic architecture in the process of modernization. Thirty two houses which were located in Taegu province and constructed during the period from 1886 to 1945, were surveyed and analized about the characteristic and their transfiguration. The modern domestic architecture of Taegu province had been constructed greatly by the missonaries and Japanes. The history of development of modern houses in Teagu province can be devided into three period in accordance with the economic policy, housing style and the method of construction. The first period (1886-1910) was the beginning of the modern house. Most of the mission houses of that period were made with brick structure of korean-western style or colonial style. In the second period (1911-1926), colonial, Japanese-western, Japanese housing style were co-exited in Teagu province. During the third period (1927-1945) new method of construction using reinforced concrete and mortar was introduced, therefore the houses become row house (a two or three-family house) and much simpler.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.513-521
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• 2023

Temperature is one of the most critical elements that influence the rutting and fatigue resistance of flexible pavements. Particularly in extreme hot regions in Saudi Arabia, high temperature would significantly reduce the rutting resistance of flexible pavements leading to reduction of pavement service life. Due to the impacts of global warming, average temperature in Saudi Arabia is expected to further increase by about 4℃ by the end of the 21st century. The substantial increase in average temperature will elevate the expected pavement maintenance and rehabilitation cost. This paper analyzes the structural effects of temperature on pavement using layered elastic analysis based on finite element techniques. The research team calculated the potential loss of pavement service life due to the projected temperature increase and climate change. The paper also analyzed potential impact of using carbon waste in asphalt concrete to tackle the derogatory impacts of temperature rise.

• Proceedings of the KOR-KST Conference
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• 1996.06a
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• pp.131-137
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• 1996

This paper discusses the necessity, strategy and objectives of the rail transportation recently developed in Shanghai. The objective should not be regarded just as a term project, but should be taken as an urgent mission with the 21st century, Shanghai should possess a network of about 100km of rail transport lines. To this end, the following measures are suggested : grade separation of all lines on elevated structures ; developing the rail car industries ; full utilization of all available transportation facilities ; optimizing the use of the space resources of highways ; bringing into play the initiatives of all parties concerned. Recently, it has become a popular consensus that the development of high-speed, safe, punctual, comfortable, non-pollution rail transport with large capacity is the best and only solution to Shanghai urban transportation. In this respect, this dissertation deals with the development strategy for current Shanghai rail construction, together with the infractructure in Shanghai, positioning the developing target; meanwhile, some proposals and solutions to hit this target will be put forward for the reference of leaders and experts.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.803-808
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• 1999

Trend of sea level change has been analysed by using the tidal data gathered at the 12 tide stations along the coast of Korean peninsula. Analysis and prediction of the sea level change were performed by Principal Component Analysis (PCA). For the period of 20 years from 1976 to 1995, the trend generally shows a rising pattern such as 0.22 cm/yr, 0.29 cm/yr, and 0.59 cm/yr along the eastern, southern, and western coast of Korea, respectively. On the average the sea level around the Korean peninsula seems to be rising at a rate of 0.37 cm/yr. Adopting the average rate to the sea level prediction model proposed by EPA (Titus and Narrayanan, 1995), the sea level may be approximately 50$\~$60 cm higher than the present sea level by the end of the next century.